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An Empirical Model Of Gastric Evacuation Rates For Fish And An Analysis Of Digestion In Piscivorous Brown Trout, E. He, Wayne A. Wurtsbaugh

Watershed Sciences Faculty Publications

The gastric evacuation rates of brown trout Salmo trutta (0.9–1.6 kg) feeding on fingerling rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss (3.5–7.6 g) were measured in the laboratory at five temperatures (4.5, 9.0, 14.0, 19.0, and 22.5°C). Instantaneous gut evacuation rates (Re) increased exponentially with temperature (T): Re = 0.053se^0.073T, r^2 = 0.98; they varyied from 7%sh^–1 at 4.5°C to 29%sh^–1 at 22.5°C. Linear regressions described the relationship between time and qualitative measures of fish digestion, thus allowing investigators to determine how long an ingested fish would be identifiable at different temperatures. An analysis of published evacuation rates (N = 121) of 22 …

Snake River Sockeye Salmon Habitat And Limnological Research, David Teuscher, Doug Taki, Wayne A. Wurtsbaugh

Watershed Sciences Faculty Publications

Historically, thousands of Snake River Sockeye salmon returned to the Sawtooth Valley to spawn. Evermann (1896) reported that the Sawtooth Valley Lakes were teeming with red fish. Bjornn (196~) estimated that 4,360 sockeye returned to Redfish Lake in 1955. These numbers no longer exist. In the 1980's, less than 50 Snake River sockeye salmon survived to spawn (Bowler 1990). Since 19-90, only 13 sockeye have returned. Because of recent declines, the Shoshone-Bannock Tribes (SBT) petitioned the National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS-) to list Snake River sockeye as endangered. As a result, Snake River sockeye were listed and the Bonneville Power …

Status Report: Identification Of Appropriate Standards For Corrective Action For A Release From Petroleum Underground Storage Tanks, Volume 1, Lyle V.A. Sendlein, Wesley J. Birge, G. Blomquist, James S. Dinger, Ralph R. Huffsey, Robert Guthries, Sanford W. Horstman, M. D. Kercher, Paul M. Mcginley, David C. Short, T. W. Struttmann, Larry Taylor, Thomas Tobin, David Dunn, Burl Naugle

KWRRI Research Reports

This study was undertaken to address the removal and closure of defective petroleum underground storage tanks in Kentucky:

• To address standards for levels of contamination requiring corrective action consistent with accepted scientific and technical principles.
• To recommend a matrix or scoring system to be used for (a) ranking sites as to actual or potential harm to human health and the environment caused by a release of petroleum from a petroleum storage tank, and (b) establishing standards and procedures for corrective action that shall adequately protect human health and the environment.
• To address all compounds individually and collectively known as petroleum. …

Water Quality Impacts Of Natural Riparian Grasses Part 1: Empirical Studies, B. J. Barfield, R. L. Blevins, Alex W. Fogle, C. E. Madison, S. P. Inamdar, D. I. Carey, V. P. Evangelou

KWRRI Research Reports

Studies were conducted on the effectiveness of natural riparian grass buffer strips in removing sediment and ag chemicals from surface runoff. No till and conventional tillage erosion plots served as the sediment and chemical source area. Runoff from the plots was directed onto 15, 30, and 45 foot filter strips where the inflow and outflow concentrations and sediment size distributions. Trapping percentages for sediment and ag chemicals typically ranged near or above 90%. An evaluation was made of the distribution of trapped chemicals among infiltrated mass and mass stored in the surface layer and on plant surfaces. The analysis showed …

Water Quality Impacts Of Naturals Riparian Grasses Part 2: Modeling Effects Of Channelization On Sediment Trapping, S. P. Inamdar, B. J. Barfield, D. I. Carey, Alex W. Fogle

KWRRI Research Reports

A methodology is developed to determine expected sediment trapping in riparian vegetative filter strips considering channelization of flow. The framework consists of defining the channel network stochastically, with deposition/detachment in each channel being modeled deterministically. The two approaches were then combined to develop a model which could predict expected trapping efficiencies for vegetative filters under known field conditions. The model was then extended to include conditions such as rainfall on the filter so as to make it applicable to generic field situations.

Field and laboratory studies were conducted to collect and estimate data to develop and evaluate the model. sediment …

A Preliminary Study Using The Willow Cutting Method To Reduce Lake Shoreline Erosion, Jeffrey L. Bushur

Masters Theses

The Charleston Side-Channel Reservoir has been experiencing extensive shoreline erosion since its completion in 1982. A diagnostic/feasibility study of the reservoir in 1992 rated shoreline erosion as the second largest source of sedimentation. Sedimentation reduces the reservoir volume, increases nutrient loading, and increases water turbidity.

As a part of Clean Lakes Program Phase II, the use of willow cuttings for bank stabilization was proposed as a possible treatment for shoreline erosion. While the use of willows for streambank stabilization has been extensively reported, lake documentation is rare. This experiment determined the feasibility of such action for the Charleston Side-Channel Reservoir …

Inhibition Of Total Gas And Methane Production In Anaerobic Digestion By Various Toxicants, Steven H. Malehorn

Masters Theses

Heavy metal inhibition of anaerobic digestion of municipal sewage sludge has been investigated over the past 50 years. Many assays began with steady-state conditions and observed the rate at which total gas or methane production decreased due to toxicant inhibition. These methods required considerable time and labor. Modified Warburg respirometers and serum bottle assays reduced much of the effort, but each method has limitations in terms of complexity, cost, and accuracy.

This series of experiments had two objectives: 1) develop a quick, inexpensive, and easy method to measure methanogenic activity in anaerobic digesters, and 2) determine median inhibitory concentrations (IC …

Concentration And Distribution Of Phosphate In The Sediment Of The Charleston Side Channel Reservoir, Nancy A. Johnson

Masters Theses

The Charleston Side Channel Reservoir (CSCR) is located on the southeast edge of the City of Charleston in Coles Co., IL. The CSCR is the sole source of public drinking water for the city and also provides for a variety of recreational activities. Water quality in the CSCR has deteriorated since its construction in 1981, leading to its classification as hypereutrophic. The presence of high levels of phosphate are of particular concern having contributed to an increase in algal blooms and high turbidity.

In order to assess the role of internal loading of phosphate from the sediment, thirty-five sample sites …

Global Snow Cover Monitoring: An Update, David A. Robinson, Kenneth F. Dewey, Richard R. Heim Jr.

United States Department of Commerce: Staff Publications

Accurate monitoring of the large-scale dimensions of global snow cover is essential for understanding details of climate dynamics and climate change. Presently, such information is gathered individually from ground station networks and satellite platforms. Efforts are in progress to consolidate and analyze long-term station records from a number of countries. To gain truly global coverage, however, satellite-based monitoring techniques must be employed. A 27-year record of Northern Hemisphere continental snow cover produced by the United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) is the longest such environmental record available. Records of Southern Hemisphere continental cover and snow on top of …

Albany Harbours Sampling Program - Experiences, Myths And The Need For Standards, David Weaver

Conference papers and presentations

Making accurate and precise estimations of pollutant loadings is becoming more important as our waterways suffer from increased inputs of pollutants and as statutory requirements to meet target loads are established. The most studied pollutant in waterways in WA is phosphorus (P) since it is reported to be the stimulus for algal growth. Many reports publish nutrient load data without any discussion of potential errors in sampling, chemical analysis or load calculations, or any discussion of the assumptions made and conclusions drawn from those calculations. The result can be the adoption of incorrect sampling, analytical and calculation procedures, leading ultimately …

Lake Level Changes Within The Yellagonga Regional Park: A Historic Perspective, Jennifer A. Hamann

Theses : Honours

The Yellagonga Regional Park is located approximately 20 km north of Perth and 6km east of the coast, in the City of Wanneroo. The park is comprised of Lake Joondalup, Beenyup Swamp, Wallubuenup Swamp and Lake Goollelal, a largely directly-linked wetland system and their surrounds. The importance of wetlands within the Perth Metropolitan area is widely documented with only 20% of the pre-European settlement wetlands remaining. (Godfrey, 1988; Davis, 1988) By comparison wetlands in the Yellagonga Regional Park are relatively natural in their state. (LeProvost, 1987) The park is of significance due to its conservation value, providing a varied array …

Larval Chironomids Of The St. Francis Sunken Lands In Northeast Arkansas, Betty G. Cochran, Edmond J. Bacon Jr., George L. Harp

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

Sixty semi-annual collections (August 1987-July 1988) were made from 30 stations by sampling each station twice for 1.5 man-hours with an aquatic dipnet. Larval chironomids were mounted on slides and identified at 400-1000 magnifications using a Leitz Dialux 20 EB microscope. A survey of the aquatic macroinvertebrates of the St. Francis Sunken Lands in northeast Arkansas revealed 36 taxa of Order Diptera, Family Chironomidae. The taxa were used to evaluate the general health of the aquatic environment. Stations that were located within the least disturbed areas, which were old river channels and oxbows, contained the highest number of organisms and …

Environmental Analysis Of The Caddo River And Its Tributaries: Comparison Of Water Quality During 1992 With 1974-75, Kelly L. House, Jimmy D. Bragg, Clark Kuyper, T. Kent Thomas, C. Renn Tumlison

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

Environmental data related to water quality of the Caddo River and its tributaries were collected from March - October, 1992, and compared with data from August, 1974 - May, 1975. Bacterial, chemical and physical parameters were investigated at six river locations and thirteen tributary sites. Ammonia, nitrates, soluble phosphorus, turbidity and fecal coliform were significantly lower, and sodium and potassium were significantly higher in 1992 than during the previous study. Bacterial loading exceeded EPA criteria at some locations during both studies.

Economic Impacts Of Noxious Facilities: Incorporating The Effects Of Risk Aversion, Leslie A. Nieves

RISK: Health, Safety & Environment (1990-2002)

The author suggests an integrative approach for projecting economic impacts of facilities that elicit public Risk aversion. She incorporates both economic stimulus effects and perception-based effects of facilities on the host area economy. Empirical findings are compared and an impact estimation framework is suggested for integrating psychometric and econometric techniques.

Soils Of The Northam Advisory District. Volume 3. The Darling Range And West Kokeby Zones, Ian Fulton, Neil Clifton Lantzke

Bulletins 4000 -

This manual describes the soils of the Department of Agriculture's Northam advisory district. Information is provided on the characteristics of each soil, its capability is discussed and yield estimates for the major land uses are given.

Designed for use by farmers and Department of Agriculture staff, the manual’s primary aims are to:

- Assist with the identification of the advisory district’s soils types

- Match land use with soil quality

- Improve farm productivity and efficiency

- Reduce the incidence of land degradation

Bulletin 4274 - Tree Planting On The High Rainfall Coastal Plain, Don Bennett, Richard George

Bulletins 4000 -

Careful planning can mean the difference between the success or failure of a tree planting program . Healthy , well-e stablished trees stand a better chance of survival, grow faster and are more resistant to insect attack. The need for time-consuming watering in summer is also eliminated.

The high rainfall coastal plain extends from Perth to Busselton and inland to the Darling Scarp. It receives about 800 to 1000 mm annual rainfall.

Site preparation is ideally started in summer. For a winter planting, decide before March where to plant, which varieties and how many trees to plant. Early planning allows …

Las Consecuencias Ambientales De La Guerra, Aldemaro Romero Jr.

Publications and Research

No abstract provided.

Desechos Sólidos, Aldemaro Romero Jr., Ana Mayayo

Publications and Research

No abstract provided.

El Agua: El Recurso Peor Manejado, Aldemaro Romero Jr.

Publications and Research

No abstract provided.

The Potential Environmental Consequences Of Utilizing Sewage Sludge As Fertilizer On Agricultural Lands: A Case Study Of The Region Of Waterloo (Ontario), Benjamin C. Mohabir

Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)

With the advent of increased volumes of liquid sewage sludge being produced in the world annually, means of disposal and recycling have become a serious issue. The disposal of sludge onto agricultural lands has raised concern regarding its environmental implications. The concern stems from the presence of toxic substances often found in sludge which can be harmful to the environment. The sludge utilization programme in the Regional Municipality of Waterloo has shortcomings in the areas of site evaluation and monitoring, and setting an application agenda tied in with a weather forecasting system. These shortcomings combined with the physical characteristics of …

Vegetation And Tree Survival In A Savanna Restoration Project, Vermilion County, Illinois, Mary Claire Hruska

Masters Theses

This study involved pre-burn and post-burn inventories of herbaceous and woody vegetation, a post-burn tree survival survey, the development and implementation of a management plan for the savanna restoration site and the development of general guidelines for savanna restoration. An herbarium collection was made, 242 species representing 64 families were found on the site.

There were several significant changes in the density and frequency of vegetation after the burn. The following herbaceous species increased significantly in frequency: Agalinis tenuifolia (Vahl.) Raf, Ambrosia artemisiifolia L., Carex spp., Cassia fasciculata Michx., Desmodium glabellum (Michx.) DC., Dichanthelium acuminatum (Sw.) Gould & Clark var. …

Ecology Of The State Endangered Yellow Mud Turtle, Kinosternon Flavescens In Henry Co., Illinois, Michael W. Tuma

Masters Theses

Illinois populations of the state endangered yellow mud turtle (Kinosternon flavescens) persist in scattered locations on sand prairies. The largest population occurs on a remnant sand prairie of the former Green River Marsh in Henry Co. A study was conducted during 1992 to determine important criteria for preserve design. These criteria included extent of turtle movements within the site and habitat use. Turtles were captured by aquatic hoop traps, drift fence, and by hand from May 11 to August 31. A total of 16 adults, four juveniles, and eight hatchlings were captured. Population size was estimated at 44.80 adults using …

Five Marine Resource Management Programs: Innovations And Common Themes, Louisa Rand Moore

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

This paper investigates essential elements of marine resource management programs, particularly how they are initiated and what is needed for their success. The focus of this paper is on management planning for sites where marine resources are still largely intact as opposed to those which are severely disturbed. Planning is aimed at determining carrying capacity of the marine systems and limiting disturbances accordingly. Question for this inquiry were developed from research of a bay in eastern Maine where marine resources have not been severely disturbed, but are vulnerable to over-exploitation due to lack of coordinated management. Using these questions, five …

Effectiveness Determination Of Two Different Water-Saving Devices For Toilet Tanks, C. Earl Israelsen, Gilberto Urroz

Reports

Introduction: The project was successful in obtaining eight different brands of new toilet tanks in the 3.5 gals-per-flish-bariety, and two used ones requiring 5.0 gals per flish. The tanks were installed on a t atime on a padded stell frame and connected to a water supply. The float was adjusted to maintain the water in the tank at the level recommended by the manufacturer. When the flush and shut-off mechanisms were adjusted properly, the testing begain.

A Prototype Computer Based Tutorial For The Use Of Highway Patrol Radar Guns, William J. Grenney, Thad E. Senti

Reports

Executive Summary: The software contained in this package, termed POSAT (Police Officer Standards and Training) is the prototype knowledge-base decision support system developed specifically for the Utah State Police Academy. All police officers must be certified annual for the use of radar guns. This self-study computer program is intended to reduce the cost of providing field training for hundreds of police officers each year. By installing the POSAT software at remote locations, polic officers within a certain districut need only to travel to the nearest remote testing sight to take the exam and renew their radar certification. POSAT automatically transmits …

Computer Methodology For Transportation Agencies To Screen Technologies For Hazardous Waste Remediation, William J. Grenney, Ravi Kumar Penmetsa

Reports

Executive Summary: Many pathways exist for transportation agencies and other public and private agencies to become responsible for sites contaminated by hazardous wastes. As a reult, agencies frequently face a multitude of lega, regulatory, financial, technical, and health risk problems. When transportation agencies become involved in the remediation of hazardous waste sites, the common practice is to hire consultants and contractors for the clean up process. Because the field of hazardous waste site remediation is changing so rapidly, agency personnel evaluating the consultant's recommendations need to ahve access to the most recent regulatory and remediation information. Early stages of the …

Simulation Of Daily Precipitation From A Nonparametric Renewal Model, Balaji Rajagopalan, Upmanu Lall, David G. Tarboton

Reports

Wet/dry spell characteristics of daily precipitation are of interest for a number of hydrologic applications (e.g., flood forecasting or assessment of erosion potential). Here, we examine issues related to designing an appropriate nonparametric scheme that focuses on spell characteristics for resampling historically daily precipitation data. A subset of the nonparametric wet/dry spell model presented in Lall et al (1993) is tested with synthetic data to justify the strategy proposed for applications. An application of the nonparametric wet/dry spell model to a Utah data set follows. Performance is judged on a set of statistical measures. Numerical comparisons of model performance with …

A Kernel Quantile Function Estimator For Flood Frequency Analysis, Young-Ii Moon, Upmanu Lall

Reports

A kernel estimator (KQ) of the quantile function is presented here. Boundary kernels are used for extrapolation of tail quantiles. The bandwidth of the estimator is chosen using an automatic, "plus-in" method. Confidence intervals for the estimated quantile are estimated by bootstrapping. Comparisons of the estimator with selected tail probability estimators are offered. The KQ estimator presented here is shown to be competitive with other estimators.

Development Of Mountain Climate Generator And Snowpack Model For Erosion Predictions In The Western United States Using Wepp: Phase Iv, David S. Bowles, U. Lall, D. G. Tarboton, E. Malek, B. Rajagopalan, T. Chowdhury, E. Kluzak

Reports

Executive Summary: Introduction: This report summarizes work conducted during the funding period (December 1, 1991 through September 30, 1992) of a Research Joint Venture Agreement between the Intermountain Research Station, Forest Service, U. S. Department of Agriculture and the Utah Water Research Laboratory (UWRL), Utah State University (USU). The purpose of the agreement is to develop a Western Mountain Cilmate Generator (MCLIGEN) similar in function to the existing (non-orographic area) Climate Generator (CLIGEN), which is part of the Water Erosion Prediciton Project (WEPP) procedure. Aso, we are developing a Western U.S. Snowpack Simulation Model for includsion in WEPP. In the …

Interpretation Of Drill Log Data: Dlog3d - A Probabilistic Tool For Analyzing Subsurface Soil Variability, Alaa El-Din Ali, Upmanu Lall

Reports

Groundwater contamination potential is directly related to the location of zones of high hydraulic conductivity. Sedimentary depositional environments can be quite complex. Pockets of sand of varying thickness and orientation may be scattered over the aquifer. A contaminant pathway can esist where these pockets or lenses are interconnected. Aquifer pump tests do not provide useful information on the occurrence of such lenses. Drill log data directly sample the soil, but may represent very local sections of the aquifer, and are of relatively poor quality. Here we present a methodology (DLOG3D) that allows a probabilistic interpretation of drill log data that …