Digital Commons Network^™

Analytical Data, Walter A. Lawrance

Walter Lawrance Papers

No abstract provided.

Pool Studies, Walter A. Lawrance

Walter Lawrance Papers

No abstract provided.

Press Reports, Walter A. Lawrance

Walter Lawrance Papers

No abstract provided.

Benthal Activity, Walter A. Lawrance

Walter Lawrance Papers

No abstract provided.

Odor Report, Walter A. Lawrance

Walter Lawrance Papers

No abstract provided.

Press Reports, Walter A. Lawrance

Walter Lawrance Papers

No abstract provided.

Development Of Water Quality Criteria For Aquatic Life, Clarence M. Tarzwell

United States Environmental Protection Agency: Publications

It is now recognized that water pollution is an important problem, that it becomes more widespread and serious as population and industry expand, and that something must be done if aquatic life resource are to be saved and their productivity maintained. In the past there has been a great deal of uncertainty in approaching this situation and a general lack of understanding of the details and ramification of the overall problem. In the efforts for the abatement of pollution, only a few clearcut objectives have been established. Knowledge is lacking as to what the objectives should be. There is still …

The Archeology Of The Lime Creek Site In Southwestern Nebraska, E. Mott Davis

University of Nebraska State Museum: Staff and Affiliates, Publications

The Lime Creek site is a stratified Early Lithic (Paleo-Indian) camp site buried in the Terrace-2A alluvial fill of a valley in the dissected loess plains. Geological correlations indicate an early Valders (Wisconsin- IV) date. A radiocarbon date (No. C-471) of 9524 B.P. from just below Lime Creek I, the lowest occupation zone, must be taken only as a minimal possible age for the site. The animal bones in Lime Creek I are primarily of pronghorn and beaver, whereas those in Lime Creek III, the highest occupation zone, are exclusively of bison. The change in hunting patterns seems due to …

Northern Pike, Esox Lucius, In Alkaline Lakes Of Nebraska, D. B. Mccarraher

Nebraska Game and Parks Commission: Staff Research Publications

Pike (Esox lucius) were studied in alkaline sandhill lakes from 1956 through 1961. Fry and fingerlings were released in alkaline environments as part of a continuing ecological study of survival and growth of northern pike in Nebraska waters. Survival and growth were determined by intensive nettings at release sites. Chemical, biological, and physical characteristics of each lake were investigated (Table 1).

The majority of the nearly 2,000 Nebraska sandhill lakes may be classified as alkaline eutrophic of the bicarbonate-sulfate group (McCarraher). Salts other than chlorides predominate in these natural lakes supporting a biota somewhat different from inland chloride …

Bear Lake And Its Future, William F. Sigler

Faculty Honor Lectures

Even in such a wide-ranging and eternally changing field as biology, a few statements about certain aspects can be made with a minimum likelihood of their being refuted. In this class are the following: No two lakes are identical. Any given lake is simultaneously many things to many people. A lake is never static. The influence of a lake reaches far beyond its shores.

Bear Lake, Utah-Idaho, can be used to good advantage to exemplify the truth of these statements. It defies meaningful comparison with other lakes unless a mass of detailed statistics is employed. To the fisherman and water …

Toxic Hazards In Aerial Application, Paul W. Smith

United States Department of Commerce: Staff Publications

An analysis of the hazards accompanying the aerial application of toxic pest-control chemicals is presented. The nature of the chemicals, the symptoms of toxicity, recommended treatment, and suggestions for safe-handling, are discussed.

The introduction of the chlorinated, cyclic hydrocarbons for large-scale use as agricultural insecticides somewhat less than two decades ago, marked the beginning of a new era in agricultural pest control. In the intervening years, new chemicals, many of them engineered for specific agricultural purposes, have appeared in rapid succession. The large number and wide variety of these compounds, and their new and unfamiliar chemical and toxicological properties, have …

Interbasin Movement Of Ground Water At The Nevada Test Site, Isaac J. Winograd

Publications (WR)

The present paper presents hydraulic evidence for the interbasin circulation of ground water through carbonate rocks of Paleozoic age at the Nevada Test Site. An integral part of this evidence is the discovery that aquifers in alluvium and tuff, formerly thought to be the principal aquifers at the Test Site, are semiperched above a thick tuffaceous aquiclude that separates them from the carbonate rocks.

This paper is based on one of the studies being made by the Geological
/="/">Survey for the Atomic Energy Commission. These studies seek to evaluate
/="/">the risk that may arise if ground water should …

Methods Of Sewer Rat Control, Joe E. Brooks

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 1st (1962)

The control of rats in the urban environment involves more than merely dealing with the above-ground populations. The average urban sewage system provides a vast labyrinth of passages and nesting places for the Norway rat, Rattus norvegicus. Here, in a protected underground habitat the rodent population is free to reproduce and ultimately expand to the maximum number that the environment can support. Eventually, the population outgrows its environment. At this point population pressures force animals to move out of the system. Rat burrows begin appearing in front yards, under sidewalks and driveways, and in flower beds, and rats themselves are …

Commensal Rodents, W. W. Dykstra

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 1st (1962)

The evolution of effective rodent control has been greater in the past 20 years than during the previous 200 years. Mankind need no longer fear the "black death," typhus, and other rodent-borne diseases. Likewise, there is no longer any reason why we must bear the cost of serious economic losses because of commensal rodent damage to property. Unfortunately, the latter still totals many millions of dollars each year. Damage and contamination of food products by house mice now probably equals or exceeds that caused by rats.

Ectoparasite Control In Public Health , Allan M. Barnes

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 1st (1962)

The inclusion of a chapter on ectoparasite control in a work otherwise devoted to vertebrates has a great deal of justification; the ecologies of vertebrates and their invertebrate parasites are inseparable, thus, the vertebrate control specialist is brought into intimate contact with ectoparasites and ectoparasite problems. In many cases, the need for vertebrate and ectoparasite control problems is one, and knowledge of techniques in both areas is required. The term "ectoparasite" groups a broad array of invertebrate animals externally parasitic on larger animals, many of them blood feeders in at least one stage of their life cycles. The ecological relationships …

Pigeons, Starlings And English Sparrows, G. L. Hockenyos

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 1st (1962)

This paper deals with the control of excessive numbers of pigeons, starlings and English sparrows in urban situations in the Midwestern region of the United States. Control procedures should always be based on a survey of the factors involved in the problem so that the most feasible methods can be determined. There is no one tool of bird control that fits all situations, and in most cases more than one tool is indicated. Since the feral pigeon is the most common pest species, emphasis will be placed on pigeon control methods. Urban bird control, like urban rat control, may involve …

Review Of Current Vertebrate Pesticides, D. Glenn Crabtree

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 1st (1962)

For the purpose of this brief review, emphasis will be placed on development, physical properties, physiological action, experience and limitations of vertebrate pesticides primarily of current opera¬tional importance in the control of field rodents and predatory animals.

STRYCHNINE (C21H22N2O2)

SODIUM MONOFLUOROACETATE (FCH2-CO-0Na)= "1080"

THALLIUM (Thallous-Sulfate TL2SO4)

ZINC PHOSPHIDE (Zn3P2)

CYANIDE (Compounds Yielding HCN on Hydrolysis)

RED SQUILL (Urginea maritima)

ANTU Alphanaphtylthiourea (l-(l-Napthyl)-2-thiourea)(C11H10N2S)

ANTICOAGULANTS--warfarin, diphacinone

TRACKING POWDERS

ARSENIC ERIOXIDE (AS2O3)

ENDRIN (1,2,3,4,-10, 10-hexachloro-6,7-epoxy-l,4,4a,5,6,7,8,8a-octa-hydro-1,4-endo,endo-5, 8-dimethanonaphthalene)

CALCIUM CYANIDE (CaCN2)

CARBON DISULFIDE (CS2)

PYROTECHNIC (GAS) CARTRIDGES

Federal Law And Vertebrate Pest Control, Justus C. Ward

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 1st (1962)

Shortly after the passage of the Federal Insecticide Act of 1910, mammal control specialists in the Bureau of Biological Survey began to consider a similar law to cover the chemicals with which they were concerned. Work on the project went slowly and spasmodically, but reached the point of having a Federal Rodenticide Act available for study and possible revision in 1928. At this time, the mammal control chemicals in use were limited to strychnine--alkaloid and sulphate-arsenic, barium carbonate, thallium sulphate, phosphorus, sodium and calcium cyanide, carbon disulphide, and red squill. Strychnine alkaloid was about the only predatory animal control agent, …

Concluding Remarks Of Appreciation With Comments On Histoplasmosis And Cryptococcosis, Philip J. Spear

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 1st (1962)

The record of this meeting will stand as a permanent tribute to Dr. Walter Howard and his associates. It should remind them for years to come of their worthwhile contribution in conceiving, organizing, promoting, and handling the details of this first Vertebrate Pest Control Conference. Those of us privileged to attend will be grateful for the opportunity to enlarge our acquain¬tance with the workers in the vertebrate pest control field, and to share in this exchange of information. The National Pest Control Association, whose members provide among other services, control of many vertebrate pests, draw information and guidance from many …

Infectious Disease Hazards To Pest Control Operators, Paul Arnstein Dvm, Mph

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 1st (1962)

One of the primary reasons for controlling most vertebrate pests is the role these creatures play as links in the infection chain of certain agents pathogenic to man. It is reasonable to assume that the persons engaged in the eradication or removal of pests are at some risk of contacting zoonoses - diseases transmissible from animals to man. Unfortunately, histories or epidemiological data of occupational infections among pest control operators are not available; perhaps this society may become a future assembly point for statistics in this field. The hazards therefore have to be approached theoretically: diseases known to be associated …

Control Of Opossums, Bats, Raccoons, And Skunks, Howard A. Merrill

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 1st (1962)

Opossums at times cause economic losses, especially around poultry farms, truck crops and river bottom corn fields. Under such circumstances, control may be required. When bats invade homes and occupied buildings to establish their roosts, they often become nuisances, necessitating some measure of control. Interest in bats has increased greatly during recent years due to the transmission of rabies to humans. Rabies virus has been isolated from over 20 species of bats in 36 States. Since 1953, five human deaths have been attributed, to rabid bat bites. More recently one field investigator has reported an experience which indicated that rabies …

Vertebrate Pest Control, Walter E. Howard

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 1st (1962)

It is a pleasure and privilege for me to welcome all of you to this conference. And it is a conference, not a convention. No motions or resolutions will be entertained, as this conference is made up of representatives of many governmental agencies and countries; hence, not a place for resolutions. We are here to get acquainted with each other and to listen to experts from North America and Korea tell us about the best methods of controlling troublesome and pestiferous birds, mammals and snakes, and to discuss related problems concerning diseases and pesticides. Since the program is crowded, each …

The Pest Animal Problem: Keynote Speech, W. C. Jacobsen

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 1st (1962)

There is an inscription across the top of the impressive facade of the National Archives Temple in Washington, D. 0., which reads: "What is Past is Prologue." So be it. Perhaps it applies to us here- At least the inscription furnishes a basis for me to indulge in a few com¬ments of historical significance as we undertake consideration of vertebrate pest control in its many phases. The earlier documents available to us reveal that with every expansion or westward advance into newer areas of agricultural production or livestock enterprises there also arose a variety of pest animal problems. However, it …

Methods Of Controlling Coyotes, Bobcats, And Foxes, Weldon B. Robinson

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 1st (1962)

In reviewing methods of predator control, it would first seem appropriate to define what is meant "by "methods" and what is meant by "control." Taking the last term first, control, as applied to the predatory coyotes, bobcats, and foxes, may be defined as regulating the numbers of these animals to the point where the economic losses for which they are responsible will be reduced to a practicable minimum. In some situations, area control, i.e., limiting the numbers of the offending predator over wide areas, may be necessary for satisfactory reduction of economic losses; in other situations, spot control or localized …

Wolf Control In British Columbia, Canada, G. A. West

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 1st (1962)

Up to 1949, the Fish and Game Branch employed personnel, some of whom were temporary, to attempt control of the extremely high wolf pop¬ulations of the central and northern portions of British Columbia. Coyotes were also very numerous in the central and southern regions and had to be considered because of their depredations. The field men were keen and conscientious but their efforts were not co-ordinated. Control areas were severely restricted in size as techniques were not adaptable enough and because of a lack of manpower. Eventually, sheepmen went out of business entirely over wide areas, cattlemen were subjected to …

Meeting The Meadow Mouse Menace, William D. Fitzwater

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 1st (1962)

The orchardist has many ways to lose money but one of the best is to ignore his mouse problem. This apparently insignificant, short-tailed little rodent by his unobtrusive but systematic attacks on the growing tissue of trees can be very expensive. The Indiana Extension Horticulturist has stated that mice are the number one cause for orchardists going out of business in recent years in that State. Moreover, the problem is not a recent one as a questionnaire to county agricultural agents in 1924 (Davis, 1925) showed that field mice were even then considered a problem in 40 per cent of …

Ground Squirrel Control In California, Richard H. Dana

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 1st (1962)

The control of ground squirrels in California is important in two ways. First, it is necessary to prevent destruction of agricultural crops. Second, it is important from a health standpoint where rodent-borne diseases have been demonstrated to be present. Ground squirrel control in this State is the responsibility of the county agricultural commissioners, the State Department of Agriculture and on Federal lands the Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife. Most control measures are concerned with but two of the nine species of ground squirrels found in California. These include four subspecies: Beechey ground squirrel (Citellus beecheyi beecheyi), Douglas ground squirrel …

Controlling Muskrats, Rollo E. Talbert

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 1st (1962)

Today damage attributed to muskrat activities occurs both to irrigation systems and waterways serving agricultural interests as well as to power company installations, waterfowl refuges and hunting clubs. Direct damage or destruction of agricultural crops is relatively minor although the muskrat is known to feed on a variety of produce including ear corn, alfalfa, clover and carrots and frequently will cut a rather wide swath of rice near water control boxes separating rice paddies. The brief activities of fur trappers appear to have little significance as applied to alleviating these losses, so we are forced to recognize that we will …

Linnets, Horned Larks, Crowned Sparrows And Woodpeckers, James W. Koehler

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 1st (1962)

CALIFORNIA HOUSE FINCH Carpodacus mexicanus frontalis: Depredations. In California the linnet is an abundant resident throughout the State wherever food and water are available. It is most numerous on the valley floors and in the foothills where man's development has created an extensive favorable habitat. The linnet is primarily a seed eater and before the introduction of domestic fruits into California probably lived largely on weed seeds. Linnets attack the ripening fruit of the apricot, cherry, peach, pear, nectarine, plum, prune, avocado, grape, apple, fig, strawberry, blackberry, raspberry and many others. They disbud almond, apricot, pear, peach, plum, prune and …

Controlling Yellow-Billed Magpies (Pica Nuttalli), Rex Lynda Ii

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 1st (1962)

The yellow-billed magpie is a little smaller than the American or black-billed magpie, but the difference in size is very slight. The birds look exactly alike, except one has a black beak and the other has a yellow bill and a bit of yellow skin back of the eye.There are concentrated populations in the Los Banos area, Gustine area, and along the course of the Merced River comprising about 19,100 acres. They are occasionally seen in other areas of the County, but only infrequently observed in the southwestern portion of the County. The heaviest populations are in walnut orchards, dairy …