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Aquatic Specialists' Meeting Idaho State University, Pocatello, Idaho September 9-10, 1970, U.S. International Biological Program

Meetings

No abstract provided.

Abiotic Specialists' Meeting Tucson, Arizona March 6-7, 1970, U.S. International Biological Program

Meetings

No abstract provided.

Plant Observations In Validation Studies, David W. Goodall

Memorandum

No abstract provided.

U.S. Research On Whales, Robert L. Brownell Jr.

United States Department of Commerce: Staff Publications

The United States is a member of the International Whaling Commission (IWC) and thus shares responsibility with 13 other countries for conducting research on whales. In 1958, our research program was moved from La Jolla, California, to the Marine Mammal Biological Laboratory in Seattle under the direction of the Bureau of Commercial Fisheries (BCF), Department of Interior. This move consolidated the scientific staff, libraries, and facilities used for marine mammal research. The legislation that created the Bureau made this organization the one responsible for decisions regarding the use of whale resources.

The Standing Committee on Marine Mammals of the American …

Supplying Wood Products For More People - A Challenge To The Forest Industry, John A. Segur, F. Bruce Lamb, Basil E. Allen

Yale School of the Environment Bulletin Series

No abstract provided.

Soil Conservation Handbook, D J. Carder, G W. Spencer, Soil Consevation Service

Books & book chapters

Soil Conservation means, basically sound land management. With good management the Ste's resources of productive land can be bot only maintained but actually improved. It is a question of deciding the best use for each soil type and situation. Profitable Production must be kept up in changing economic conditions without destroying land assets in the process.

The Control Of Algae, G R W Meadly

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

CONDITIONS in areas of still, stored water in Western Australia can easily become ideal for the development of algae and control measures may become necessary in farm dams and swimming pools.

Developing A Hydro-Quality Simulation Model, Neal P. Dixon, David W. Hendricks, A. Leon Huber, Jay M. Bagley

Reports

No abstract provided.

Water Management Research In Arid And Sub-Humid Lands Of The Less Developed Countries: Second Annual Progress Report, Utah Water Research Laboratory

Reports

No abstract provided.

Transient Flow Of Water From Infiltrometers--Formulation Of Mathematical Model And Preliminary Numerical Solutions And Analyses Of Results, Roland W. Jeppson

Reports

The partial differential equation initial-boundary value problems which describe the three-dimensional axisymmetric flow of water from an infiltrometer through partially saturated soil are solved by finite differences using the alternating direction implicit method. Pertinent features which describe the flow characteristics obtained from 34 solutions for varying initial conditions and for 12 soil types are summarized in tables and figures. Relationships between such features as depth of penetration and lateral movement of the wetting front and rate of application and initial hydraulic head or tension in the soil are developed for several of these soils types from analyses of the results.

Subcritical Flow At Open Channel Structures Bridge Constructions, Gaylord V. Skogerboe, Lloyd H. Austin, Kuan-Tao Chang

Reports

The techniques previously employed by the writers for describing subcritical flow at open channel constrictions have been found valid for analyzing nonuniform flow in open channels. Combining the nonuniform flow analysis with the submerged flow ratings for various bridge geometrics has provided an analytical means for determining the backwater due to the bridge constrictions under “abnormal stage – discharge” conditions.

Determination Of Hydraulic Conductivity--Capillary Pressure Relationship From Saturation--Capillary Pressure Data From Soils, Roland W. Jeppson

Reports

No abstract provided.

Solution To Transient Vertical Moisture Movement Based Upon Saturation--Capillary Pressure Data And Modified Burdine Theory, Roland W. Jeppson

Reports

Using finite differences and the Crank-Nicholson implicit scheme for solving parabolic type partial differential equations, a computer program has been developed for solving the one-dimensional, vertical movement of water in soils. The formulation of the initial boundary value problem is obtained by introducing a new dependent variable through the Kirchoff transformation to replace the hydraulic head. Data relating saturation (or moisture content) to the capillary pressure in the soil are used to define the hydraulilc properties of the soil which are needed in order to obtain a solution. The Burdine Theory has been implemented in the program to obtain the …

Formulation And Solution Of Transient Flow Of Water From An Infiltrometer Using The Kirchhoff Transformation, Roland W. Jeppson

Reports

No abstract provided.

A Hydrologic Model Of The Bear River Basin, Robert W. Hill, Eugene K. Israelsen, A. Leon Huber, J. Paul Riley

Reports

As demands upon available water supplies increase, there is an accompanying increase in the need to assess downstream consequences resulting from changes at specific locations within a hydrologic system. The problem is approached in this study by hybrid computer simulation of the hydrologic system. Modeling concepts are based upon the development of basic relationships which describe the various hydrologic processes. Within a system these relationships are linked by the continuity-of-mass priciple which requires a hydrologic balance at all points. Spatial resolution is achieved by considering the modeled areas as a series of subbasins. The time increment adopted for the model …

Final Report: Wasatch Airborne Seeding Program, Geoffrey E. Hill

Reports

No abstract provided.

A Thermodynamic Analysis Of A Primary Waste Stabilization Pond, David W. Hendricks

Reports

Traditional design practice for waste stabilization ponds is based upon the premise that sufficient photosynthetic oxygen must be produced within the pond to satisfy oxygen requirements of the incoming waste flow. Thus, because algae production is proportional to pond surface area, surface organic loading rate is a principal design criterion (hydraulic detention time is the other) . That a possible adverse energy trade exists in the sequence of coupled reactions (aerobic waste degradation-photosynthesis) has been largely ignored. This work is focused on quantitatively articulating this energy trade, in terms of algae produced vis a vis waste degraded. This is done …

Bacterial Absorption On Soils--Thermodynamics, David W. Hendricks, Frederick J. Post, Deorao R. Khairnar, Jerome J. Jurinak

Reports

Laboratory studies on the adsorption of bacteria onto soils and activated carbon were undertaken to evaluate the role of the process in removal of bacteria from groundwater. It was hypothesized that removal of bacteria from water passing through soil would be primarily due to adsorption in which case the bacteria would behave in a manner similar to colloidal particles or chemical molecules. The basic kinetics of uptake of Staphylococcus aureus were determined on activated carbon, a highly adsorbing material chemically speaking. Once the technique was worked out and adsorption demonstrated to take place, sand, clay, and Mendon silt loam were …

Progress Report On Studies Of Hydraulic Geometry Of Large Bed Element Streams, Dean F. Peterson

Reports

This study developed a general method for estimating runoff rates and associated confidence limits of a given recurrence interval for ungaged small urban watersheds. The utility of the method developed was demonstrated through its application to a southeast region of Texas. Some 200 historical rainfall-runoff events from 40 watersheds in the Houston, Austin, Dallas, and Fort Worth urban areas were analyzed. Watershed data such as drainage area, percent of urbanized area channel length, average channel slope, land slope, and soil type are documented. Total rainfall amounts, intensities, durations, and mass-time distributions were determined for each storm and used to develop …

Computer Simulation Of Water Resource Systems At Utah State University, J. Paul Riley

Reports

Introduction: The problems of managing water-resource systems are basically those of decision making based upon a consideration of the physical, economic, and sociological processes involved. These processes are strongly interrelated and constitute a dynamic and continuous system. Any combination of these interrelated and numerous system variables yields a management solution. At Utah State University the problem of investigating system response to various possible management alternatives is being approached by hybrid computer simulation. The concept of simulation is fundamentally simple. Basically, it is a technique of analysis whereby a model is developed for investigating the behavior or performance of a dynamic …

An Examination Of Approximately Simultaneous Salt Lake Valley And Cache Valley Clearing (Ventilation) Indexes, George W. Reynolds, William Mcneill, Floyd Johnson, Janet Cleary

Reports

The Clearing Index is a numerical estimate of the contamination dispersal capability of the atmosphere. Between July, 1969, and June, 1970, 192 rawinsonde flights were made in the Cache Valley at approximately the same time as officially scheduled flights at the Salt Lake City Weather Bureau Airport Station. Clearing Indexes were computed from various combinations of Salt Lake Valley and Cache Valley rawinsonde and maximum surface temperature data. These were examined from the viewpoint of recommending a standard procedure for providing Clearing Indexes on a daily basis for Intermountain valleys. The primary conclusions were that: 1. Actual Salt Lake Valley …

Systems Analysis Of Hydrologic Problems, J. Paul Riley, Diana Averett

Reports

Introduction: Increasing national and international interest in water resources in recent years has stimulated much new activity and progress in hydrology. It is now generally recognized that the science of hydrology is basic to an understanding of water resources problems and to planning for water resources development. Accompanying this demand upon the science of hydrology is an urgent need for improved education at the university level. In resopnse to this need for improved education, the First International Seminar for Hydrology Professors was held at Urbana, Illinois, in July 1969. The Second International Seminar was held at Logan, Utah, during August …

Attitudes For Environmental Planning In The 1970'S, Dean F. Peterson

Reports

No abstract provided.

Statistical Relationships Between Storm And Urban Watershed Characteristics, V. V. Dhruva Narayana, M. Akbar Sial, J. Paul Riley, Eugene K. Israelsen

Reports

Because of the rapid urban development in recent years, hydrologic problems associated with urban watersheds have gained importance. Large sums of money are being spent for the design of urban drainage systems based upon inadequate procedures for predicting peak runoff rates. In this report a procedure is proposed for predicting peak runoff rates from small urban and rural watersheds based upon measurable storm and watersheds characteristics. The technique was tested for a number of runoff events on the Boneyard Creek watershed at Urbana, Illinois, and the results of this test are included. The procedure will be particularly useful for estimating …

Optimizing Conjunctive Use Of Groundwater And Surface Water, James H. Milligan, Calvin G. Clyde

Reports

Mathematical models for groundwater and surface-water systems are formulated and solved on a digital computer using linear programming for optimizing the water use of the system. Post-optimal analysis, including sensitivity analysis of the objective function coefficients and right-hand side terms, is also applied to the models. The models which are developed include a general deterministic model, a general stochastic model in which hydrologic inputs are allowed to be probabilistic, and models of two simple, but real, river basins. The advantages of linear programming analysis are demonstrated by the computer solutions which can be obtained by this method of optimization. The …

Publications Of The Utah Water Research Laboratory, Utah Water Research Laboratory

Reports

No abstract provided.

Subcritical Flow At Open Channel Structures Open Channel Expansions, Lloyd H. Austin, Gaylord V. Skogerboe, Ray S. Bennett

Reports

Analyzing the hydraulics of open channel constrictions has been modified to allow the analysis of energy loss in open channel expansions. The modified technique has been compared with previous methods of analysis using data collected in the laboratory on open channel expansions with vertical walls, and triangular-shaped baffles. Also, a design procedure for such baffled outlet structures has been developed.

The Function Of Social Behavior In Water Resource Development , Wade H. Andrews, Dennis C. Geertsen

Reports

Preface: This report is an analysis of a social survey of the middle and lower Bear River Basin of southeastern Idaho and northern Utah concerning the problem of water resource development in a semiarid region of the Western United States. The survey part of the study, carried out in the summer of 1966, dealt with both general social factors and a specific proposal made by the Bureau of Reclamation for developing water resources of the Bear River. In many respects this proposal and the resulting behavior is typical of other western river basin projects, in some other ways, however, it …

A Theoretical Study Of Infiltration Into Range And Forest Soils, Joel E. Fletcher, Yehia Z. El-Shafei

Reports

More than 400 rainfall simulator experiments were examined to detect which soil properties could be used to computer infiltration time relationships. Three theoretical equations were tested to determine their efficacy for calculating infiltration time relationships from soil and site characteristics. It was shown that both the modified Green and Ampt and Fletcher equations could by successfully used. Darcian type equations were developed on laboratory type samples which would show the relations between soil, solution and rainfall properties and infiltration. These latter equations have not been tested on undisturbed soils but give excellent agreement between measured and computed values for time …

Part I - Controlling The Soil Moisture Environment Of Transpiring Plants, Part Ii - Prediction Of Leaf Temperature Under Natural Atmospheric Conditions, Charles T. Haan, Billy J. Barfield, Robert Edling

KWRRI Research Reports

Part I

A technique for controlling the soil moisture potential in the root zone of transpiring plants was developed. The method uses the principles of unsaturated flow through a porous media to develop the desired moisture potential. In the case of non-steady state transpiration, the maximum possible fluctuation in the soil moisture potential can be determined by the techniques presented.

Part II

Two implicit leaf temperature prediction equations were derived from the energy balance approach. The equations define sensible and latent heat transfer from a plant population as a two step process:

1. Transfer between the plant leaf and the canopy …