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Proceedings: Second Bird Control Seminar (1964) -- Contents And Schedule

Bird Control Seminars Proceedings

BOWLING GREEN STATE UNIVERSITY, BOWLING GREEN, OHIO 1964

In cooperation with:
U. S. Fish a Wildlife Service, Ohio Pest Control Association, Toledo Department of Health, Economic Biology Curriculum, Bowling Green State University
Note to the reader:
These proceedings were taken "verbatium" on stenotype machine by the Hammock, Pace, and LaMotte Company of Columbus, Ohio. Several of the speakers did not use prepared texts, and one session made extensive use of slides. Therefore, many parts of the proceedings make somewhat unusual or seemingly disjointed reading. This is caused by the fact that we are unable to incorporate inflec¬tions of voice, mood, …

Closing Remarks: Second Vertebrate Pest Control Conference, Maynard W. Cummings

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 2nd (1964)

The Second Vertebrate Pest Control Conference is concluded. We hope it has been, in some measure, educational and worthwhile to each one of you. Many of you who are here attended the first conference, which was held in Sacramento two years ago. The obvious spirit displayed at that meeting, a genuine intense interest in absorbing new knowledge presented by the speakers, the warmth of making and renewing acquaintances among fellow workers and the enjoyment of the truly rare opportunity to exchange information in this special field, vertebrate pest control, has, I feel, been reenacted here. For these reasons this second …

The Evolution Of Plague Control In California, Keith F. Murray

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 2nd (1964)

Bubonic plague no longer is regarded as the dreaded black death of the middle ages. The last great plague pandemic has come to an end. In California, human cases have averaged no more than one every two years for several decades. With modern antibiotics properly administered, recovery is assured. At the same time, there is no doubt that plague is firmly entrenched in the rodent fauna and we should not be lulled even by years of quiescence into assuming that massive epizootics will not break out in the future. There is the un-measurable risk of a quick pneumonic outbreak with …

Highlights Of Bird Control Research In England, France, Holland, And Germany, John L. Seubert

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 2nd (1964)

The purpose of this paper is to present a brief review of the research being conducted in England, France, Germany, and The Netherlands on problems caused by nuisance and depredating birds. Much of the information presented has been obtained through correspondence with collaborators. In the fall of 1962, I discussed depredating bird and bird-airport problems with research workers in these countries, and also attended the meeting of the International Union of Applied Ornithology held in Frankfurt/Main. In November 1963, I attended an international symposium about the bird-airport problem, held in Nice, France. This paper will draw attention to the current …

Pest Control Methods And People, John E. Swift

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 2nd (1964)

Frankly I am not sure what "Pest Control Methods and People" really means. When I asked what I should cover, I was told to give a general discussion on pesticides. I am not sure this is appropriate even though the laws and regulations that pertain to other pesticides apply equally to those materials used in vertebrate pest control; the conditions of use, the types of chemicals used, their effect upon various animal species, and the number of chemicals available are so different from the pesticides used in controlling invertebrate pests that generalizations may not cover the topic. There are, however, …

Methods Of Controlling Blackbird Damage To Field Corn In South Dakota, John W. De Grazio

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 2nd (1964)

One of the most widespread bird problems in the Western United States is damage to ripening cereal grain crops. Crops such as corn, rice, and sorghum, when grown close to favored roosting areas are often subject to serious damage from large flocks of feeding blackbirds. The redwinged blackbird is the most numerous species and causes most of the damage, but other blackbird species, including the yellow-headed blackbird, the common grackle, the brown-headed cowbird, and Brewer's blackbird, also contribute to damage problems. The Denver Wildlife Research Center is actively investigating methods to combat blackbird depredations to field corn in the vicinity …

Bats: Their Public Health Importance And Control With Special Reference To Trinidad, Arthur M. Greenhall

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 2nd (1964)

This brief review of the public health importance and control of bats is oriented to Trinidad, where, during the past ten years I investigated their zoomedical importance (1). Trinidad is noted for Pawan's classic epidemiological studies of bat rabies (2,3) as well as its bat control program with which I have been associated since its inception in 1934 (4). Further, Trinidad has bat problems, in addition to rabies, which occur in other countries of the world. Although various methods of bat control have been developed in Trinidad, the field is virtually unexplored. Increasingly, bat control is a matter of paramount …

Roof Rat Populations In Santa Clara County, California, Dean H. Ecke

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 2nd (1964)

Northern Santa Clara County, California, was historically an agricultural community with orchard culture dominating the economy. Prunes, apricots, walnuts, and cherries were the principal crops. Orchards were disced clean during most of the summer growing season, and a cover crop of mustard or horse beans was grown beneath the trees in winter. About the only "natural" year around cover on the valley floor was the brush and grass which volunteered along the several creek banks. Under such conditions, roof rats (Rattus rattus) were not numerous. An occasional rat colony could be found in a fruit processing shed or …

Animal Population Ecology And Control Fundamentals, Kenneth E. F. Watt

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 2nd (1964)

Expensive, extensive and apparently lethal control measures have been applied against many species of pest vertebrates and invertebrates for decades. In spite of this, few pests have been annihilated, and in many cases the stated goals have become progressively more modest, so that now we speak of saving foliage or a crop, rather than extermination. It is of interest to examine the reasons why animals are so difficult to exterminate, because this matter, of course, has implications for the type of control policy we pursue in the future. Also, it has implications for the problem of evaluating comparatively various resource …

The Role Of Industry In Developing New Materials For Vertebrate Pest Control, G. Hermann, W. M. Zeck

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 2nd (1964)

In the first paper presented to you today by Dr. Spencer, an expert in the Animal Biology field and an official authority at the same time, you heard about the requirements imposed on a chemical in order to pass the different official hurdles before it ever will be accepted as a proven tool in wildlife management. Many characteristics have to be known and highly sophisticated tests have to be run. In many instances the governmental agency maintains its own screening, testing or analytical programs according to standard procedures. It would be impossible, however, for economic and time reasons to work …

Fisheries Report No I (1) - The Shark Bay Fishery On Snapper Chrysophrys Unicolor (Quoy And Gaimard), B. K. Bowen

Fisheries Research Reports

As regards both catch and value, the Shark Bay snapper fishery is the second most important scale fishery in Western Australia. Until 195%, the fishing was done solely by means of hard-lines operated from beats drifting over the snapper patches. In 1959 traps were first used with great success and in 196) this method of fishing was again the principal technique.

Prior to the 1960 season there were several suggestions that the use of traps would have a deleterious effect on the fishery. On October 19, 1959, the Western Australian League of the Professional Fishermen's Association wrote to the Fisheries …

Waterfowl Drive-Trap Banding, Gene Goecke

Other Publications in Wildlife Management

During a 3-week period in July of 1964, Game Section personnel with assistance from Biology Section and Conservation Officer personnel carried out drive-trap waterfowl banding operations on marsh areas in the northern part of Iowa. This was the fourth year that drive-trap banding operations have been carried out in the state. Several days prior to the actual banding operations were spent selecting areas to band. Areas were selected that had a good population of local birds and vegetative cover suitable for banding. Young birds can be extremely difficult to drive on heavily vegetated marshes of emergent vegetation, and marshes lacking …

Food Habits Of Bigmouth And Smallmouth Buffalo In Lewis And Clark Lake And The Missouri River, Thomas S. Mccomish

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Food habits were determined for 386 bigmouth buffalo and 277 smallmouth buffalo collected in 1962 and 1963 from Lewis and Clark Lake and the Missouri River. Young-of-the-year bigmouth buffalo stomachs contained 100 percent zooplankton. Bigmouth buffalo (330 to 530 millimeters) stomachs contained 99 percent zooplankton in 1952 and 95 percent in 1963. Digestive tracts of young-of-the-year smallmouth buffalo contained 99 percent copepods and one percent sand. Smallmouth buffalo (250 to 400 millimeters) contained about 65 percent zooplankton, 30 percent phytoplankton, and the remaining five percent consisted of chironomid larvae, plant detritus, and sand.

Recent Limnological Studies Of The Alkaline Lakes In Nebraska And North Dakota, D. B. Mccarraher

Nebraska Game and Parks Commission: White Papers, Conference Presentations, and Manuscripts

Environmental relationships and biological indices have been recorded for 1,200 sandhills lakes in Nebraska since 1954. Three lakes in central and southern North Dakota were investigated during the years 1963 to 1964. Most of the Nebraska lakes were alkaline eutrophic of the sodium bicarbonate and sodium + potassium carbonate types. The North Dakota lakes range from sodium bicarbonate to sodium sulfate types. These lakes may be classified as saline eutrohpic. The ionic composition differs from that of the marine and inland sodium chloride type of water. The invertebrate fauna of permanently alkaline environments are discussed from the point of view …

Systematics And Life History Of The Great Barracuda, Sphyraena Barracuda (Walbaum), Donald P. De Sylva

Studies in Tropical Oceanography

No abstract provided.

Fisheries Report Ii (2) - Preliminary Report On The Effectiveness Of Escape-Gaps In Crayfish-Pots, B. K. Bowen

Fisheries Research Reports

The Western Australian commercial crayfish, Panulinrus cy,nus George, (1962)", is caught in depths ranging from a few feet to approximately 45 fathoms. In the shallow waters large numbers of crayfish measuring, less than the legal minimum length are brought to the surface in the standard commercial crayfish pots. The law requires that these undersize crayfish be returned to the sea, but there is always the temptation to retain them for illegal sale. In addition, the undersize crayfish which are returned to the sea are often damaged by handling. The probability is that their mortality rate is higher than those which …

Progress In The Control Of Cotton Fireweed, Geoffrey A. Pearce

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

Cotton Fireweed (Erechtites quadridentata) is native to Western Australia and was first collected by Drummond before 1850. In its natural habitat it is quite insignificant and passes unnoticed.

Cotton fireweed, a native perennial plant, has become a serious weed in the south coastal districts and is now one of the most widespread weeds in the State.

A Progress Report On Commercial Cotton Growing On The Ord River Project, William John Toms

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

The recommendations given in this article have been built up from the experience of the author in growing 200 acres of cotton in the Ord River area during the 1962-63 season for the Department of Agriculture, from findings made by Kimberley Research Station, and from discussions with the present farmers in the area.

When a new form of agriculture is introduced into a new area techniques and ideas change rapidly as farmers become acquainted with their new environment and the new crops. The recommendations will therefore require constant revision.

A Comparison Of Some Limnological Changes Caused By The Brookings Sewage Treatment Plant On Six-Mile Creek And The Big Sioux River, Richard Ruelle

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Introduction: In the days of the early pioneers in South Dakota and other sparsely settled areas, there was no problem in finding a sufficient supply of water for drinking, cooking, and washing purposes. The problems of waste disposal were taken care of by the microorganisms in the soil, the microorganisms easily being able to keep pace with the few settlers. As cities and towns began to form, usually along a stream where there was an abundant supply of fresh water, sewage disposal became a growing problem. The easiest way to get rid of the sewage was to dump it into …

Water For Agriculture. 6. Control Of Algae In Water Supplies, R C. Gorman

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

ALGAE are primitive forms of plant life that are common and normal in surface waters. They are fonnd in every water supply exposed to sunlight.

Their presence is not normally detectable until there are enough of them to make their presence obvious.

Growth Rates Of Yellow Perch, Perca Flavescens (Mitchell), In Two North Dakota Lakes After Population Reduction With Toxaphene, Donald C. Warnick

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Fishery waters overpopulated with desirable species generally produce few harvestable fish because of slow growth rates. In 1962 Bennett stated that no fish of harvestable were found in some waters thus affected. Eschmeyer (1936) made a similar observation concerning overcrowded populations of yellow perch (Perca flavescens). For lack of more efficient remedial measures the use of piscicides has been recommended to reduce the numbers the numbers of the problem species. Relatively low toxaphene concentrations in two North Dakota lakes substantially reduced the density of the yellow perch population the effect on other fish species was less obvious. The results reported …

Pollution-Caused Fish Kills In 1962

Other Publications in Wildlife Management

This publication is the third annual report of fish kills caused by pollution occurring in the United States. The reporting of pollution-caused fish kills was begun by the Public Health Service in the Spring of 1960 in an effort to secure additional information on the effects of pollution in the Nation's waters, to elicit the cooperation and assistance of conservation groups in the States to help determine causes of fish kills and assist in their abatement, and to place responsibility for fish kills where it belonged.

The Surgeon General asked all State conservation and fish and game agencies to assist …

Development Of Water Quality Criteria For Aquatic Life, Clarence M. Tarzwell

United States Environmental Protection Agency: Publications

It is now recognized that water pollution is an important problem, that it becomes more widespread and serious as population and industry expand, and that something must be done if aquatic life resource are to be saved and their productivity maintained. In the past there has been a great deal of uncertainty in approaching this situation and a general lack of understanding of the details and ramification of the overall problem. In the efforts for the abatement of pollution, only a few clearcut objectives have been established. Knowledge is lacking as to what the objectives should be. There is still …

The Archeology Of The Lime Creek Site In Southwestern Nebraska, E. Mott Davis

University of Nebraska State Museum: Staff and Affiliates, Publications

The Lime Creek site is a stratified Early Lithic (Paleo-Indian) camp site buried in the Terrace-2A alluvial fill of a valley in the dissected loess plains. Geological correlations indicate an early Valders (Wisconsin- IV) date. A radiocarbon date (No. C-471) of 9524 B.P. from just below Lime Creek I, the lowest occupation zone, must be taken only as a minimal possible age for the site. The animal bones in Lime Creek I are primarily of pronghorn and beaver, whereas those in Lime Creek III, the highest occupation zone, are exclusively of bison. The change in hunting patterns seems due to …

Northern Pike, Esox Lucius, In Alkaline Lakes Of Nebraska, D. B. Mccarraher

Nebraska Game and Parks Commission: Staff Research Publications

Pike (Esox lucius) were studied in alkaline sandhill lakes from 1956 through 1961. Fry and fingerlings were released in alkaline environments as part of a continuing ecological study of survival and growth of northern pike in Nebraska waters. Survival and growth were determined by intensive nettings at release sites. Chemical, biological, and physical characteristics of each lake were investigated (Table 1).

The majority of the nearly 2,000 Nebraska sandhill lakes may be classified as alkaline eutrophic of the bicarbonate-sulfate group (McCarraher). Salts other than chlorides predominate in these natural lakes supporting a biota somewhat different from inland chloride …

Bear Lake And Its Future, William F. Sigler

Faculty Honor Lectures

Even in such a wide-ranging and eternally changing field as biology, a few statements about certain aspects can be made with a minimum likelihood of their being refuted. In this class are the following: No two lakes are identical. Any given lake is simultaneously many things to many people. A lake is never static. The influence of a lake reaches far beyond its shores.

Bear Lake, Utah-Idaho, can be used to good advantage to exemplify the truth of these statements. It defies meaningful comparison with other lakes unless a mass of detailed statistics is employed. To the fisherman and water …

Toxic Hazards In Aerial Application, Paul W. Smith

United States Department of Commerce: Staff Publications

An analysis of the hazards accompanying the aerial application of toxic pest-control chemicals is presented. The nature of the chemicals, the symptoms of toxicity, recommended treatment, and suggestions for safe-handling, are discussed.

The introduction of the chlorinated, cyclic hydrocarbons for large-scale use as agricultural insecticides somewhat less than two decades ago, marked the beginning of a new era in agricultural pest control. In the intervening years, new chemicals, many of them engineered for specific agricultural purposes, have appeared in rapid succession. The large number and wide variety of these compounds, and their new and unfamiliar chemical and toxicological properties, have …

Interbasin Movement Of Ground Water At The Nevada Test Site, Isaac J. Winograd

Publications (WR)

The present paper presents hydraulic evidence for the interbasin circulation of ground water through carbonate rocks of Paleozoic age at the Nevada Test Site. An integral part of this evidence is the discovery that aquifers in alluvium and tuff, formerly thought to be the principal aquifers at the Test Site, are semiperched above a thick tuffaceous aquiclude that separates them from the carbonate rocks.

This paper is based on one of the studies being made by the Geological
/="/">Survey for the Atomic Energy Commission. These studies seek to evaluate
/="/">the risk that may arise if ground water should …

Commensal Rodents, W. W. Dykstra

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 1st (1962)

The evolution of effective rodent control has been greater in the past 20 years than during the previous 200 years. Mankind need no longer fear the "black death," typhus, and other rodent-borne diseases. Likewise, there is no longer any reason why we must bear the cost of serious economic losses because of commensal rodent damage to property. Unfortunately, the latter still totals many millions of dollars each year. Damage and contamination of food products by house mice now probably equals or exceeds that caused by rats.

Ectoparasite Control In Public Health , Allan M. Barnes

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 1st (1962)

The inclusion of a chapter on ectoparasite control in a work otherwise devoted to vertebrates has a great deal of justification; the ecologies of vertebrates and their invertebrate parasites are inseparable, thus, the vertebrate control specialist is brought into intimate contact with ectoparasites and ectoparasite problems. In many cases, the need for vertebrate and ectoparasite control problems is one, and knowledge of techniques in both areas is required. The term "ectoparasite" groups a broad array of invertebrate animals externally parasitic on larger animals, many of them blood feeders in at least one stage of their life cycles. The ecological relationships …