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Solving Urban Problems Associated With Small Animals, Sharon Whitten

Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop Proceedings

Small animals have been drawn into the urban setting, and as a consequence of their contact with man their populations are growing. The result of this growth is damage to man's property. We must take steps to reduce damage caused by wildlife in urban areas.

Political And Sociological Aspects Of Wildlife Damage Control, Walter E. Howard

Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop Proceedings

I greatly appreciate being invited to the 1979 Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control workshop - especially being your dinner speaker. The climate of public opinion developed from the ecology movement in the western world implies that everything chemical is unnatural and bad, while anything biological is intrinsically desirable. Vertebrate pest control faces a very emotional climate, thanks to government actions and many organizations seeking to profit fran keeping it that way. Unfortunately Americans have been indoctrinated to think that the present vertebrate pest control methodology is archaic and inhumane, that the field attracts those who are killers at heart, and …

Using Extension Methodology In Prairie Dog Management, Lloyd K. Cheatheam

Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop Proceedings

At the turn of the century, Texas' 'black-tailed prairie dog was probably the State's most abundant wildlife species. Bailey estimated the population at 800,000,000 animals in 1905. He also described a single colony that was 100 miles wide and 250 miles long, from San Angelo, Texas to Clarendon, Texas. During this period, other authors described riding by horseback for several days through a single colony. Settlers of this area, wishing to raise cattle, had to first control the prairie dog. My good friend, G.IJ. "Shorty" Kennedy, a retired ranch foreman and an octgenarian, described these historical control methods to me.

How To Evaluate Wildlife Damage Control Programs, Orvis Gustad

Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop Proceedings

I did not volunteer to substitute for Bill Pfeifer on the subject of "How to Evaluate Predator Control Programs" as an expert on this subject, but rather to: 1) point out that we recognize the need for good base information for describing effectiveness; and 2) relay how the Service's Animal Damage Control Program proposes to obtain it.

Use Of Starlicide In Pigeon Control, Lester B. Kreps

Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop Proceedings

Feral pigeons, problem birds common to most American cities and farms, are descendants of the Rock Dove (Columba 1ivia)of North Africa and Europe. They were brought to America as domestic poultry by the first European settlers and have since escaped. They are not truly 'wild", as their existence depends upon man's activities. An adult pigeon will eat about a pound of food a week, consisting primarily of grain spilled around elevators, railroad yards and feedlots or fed by pigeon lovers.

Vertebrate Animal Damage Control: Summary Of Panel Discussion And Committee Review, Dale A. Wade

Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop Proceedings

It is clearly evident that the program planning committee for this national workshop recognized vertebrate animal damage and its control as one of the most difficult problems with which we deal in resource management. Perhaps no other topic is more controversial since it encompasses all of the biological, social, economic and political factors, with emotion and opinions frequently weighed more heavily than fact.

Rangeland Management Problems Associated With Wildlife From A Rangeman's Viewpoint, Paul D. Ohlenbusch

Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop Proceedings

Rangeland is the largest renewable natural resource of the Great Plains states. It supplies forage for the livestock industry (together with tame pasture), habitat for wildlife, water for man and animals, beauty and pleasure for everyone and an economic base for many rural communities. In short, it is many things to many people.

The Prairie Naturalist Volume 11, Number 4. December 1979

The Prairie Naturalist

THE STATUS OF HERONS, EGRETS AND IBISES IN NORTH DAKOTA ▪ J. T. Lokomoen

RANGE EXPANSION OF BAIRD'S SPARROW IN SOUTH DAKOTA ▪ H. A. Kantrud and C. A. Faanes

NESTING RECORDS OF THE WOOD THRUSH IN NORTH DAKOTA ▪ S. O. Lambeth and D. O. Lambeth

SOME ECOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF MARBLED GODWITS AND WILLETS IN NORTH DAKOTA ▪ K. F. Higgins, L. M. Kirsch, M. R. Ryan and R. B. Renken

NOTES ON THE INCUBATION BEHAVIOR OF BLACK-BELLIED WHISTLING DUCKS ▪ E G. Bolen and E. N. Smith

NOTES

Red Fox Captures Sharp-tailed Grouse at the Lek ▪ S. …

Ground Squirrels In The Great Plains, Bennett A. Brown

Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop Proceedings

There are 22 recognized species of ground squirrels in North America (Jones et al. 1975). All belong to the genera Spermophilus or Ammospermophilus. Some species contain as many as 14 subspecies, or races. In many cases, these subspecies are distinguished not only by morphological or distributional characters, but by behavioral differences and varying ecological strategies, as well. These latter frequently impact on the efficacy of various control methods.

Response Of Birds To Raptor Models, Michael R. Conover

Bird Control Seminars Proceedings

Today, more than ever, there is an increasing need for non-lethal methods to effec- tively control crop depredation by birds. One such method, involving the use of fear- provoking stimuli, has been used since ancient times but often with little success. If fear-provoking stimuli are to be improved, we must identify those features that are most effective and incorporate these into scare devices. Models of raptors are promising fear-provoking stimuli (Rowe 1971, Brown 1974, Messersmith 1975, Blokpoel 1976). Unfortunately, birds usually habituate to these models rather quickly. More efficient models have not been devised, in part because of the lack …

The Attractiveness Of Shredded Garbage To Gulls And Other Avian Species Potentially Hazardous To Aircraft, Dennis M. Forsythe

Bird Control Seminars Proceedings

The bird-aircraft strike hazard is a world-wide problem resulting in human fatalities and aircraft damage. Although the exact cost of bird damage is difficult to obtain, United States Air Force losses are estimated at over $10 million per year (Harrison 1976). Collisions between birds and aircrafts occur either enroute or when planes are landing or taking off at airports. Most of these collisions are due to large flocks of birds attracted to the vicinity by food, shelter, or water (Solman 1971). Solid waste disposal sites are an abundant food source for many hazardous bird species, especially gulls and blackbirds; and …

Public Health Problems: Tge, P. M. Gough, J. W. Beyer, R. D. Jorgenson

Bird Control Seminars Proceedings

Transmissible gastroenteritis (TGE) is one of the five major diseases of concern to pork producers. The virus that causes the disease has an affinity for absorptive epithelial cells of the villi of the small intestine, primarily the jejunum. Infected cells are sloughed off, and the loss of absorptive activity results in salt imbalance, hyperkalemia, and dehydration in the pig. Death occurs in 60 to 100% of the diseased infant pigs. Two forms of TGE exist in the United States: an enzootic form that has only recently been recognized as a serious problem, and an epidemic form that was first identified …

Perches Coated With Glue Reduce Bird Damage In Ricefield Plots, Russell F. Reidinger Jr., Justiniano L. Libay

Bird Control Seminars Proceedings

Although national losses are unknown, bird damage is a chronic problem for many Filipino rice farmers and is sometimes a severe problem within localized areas. Three species of Philippine weavers (Lonchura malacca, L. leucogaster, and L. punctulata) are common pests; and other birds such as sparrows, parrots, and even ducks contribute to crop losses. Post seedling damage by Philippine weavers, the focus of this study, usually occurs from the milky to the early maturing stages of rice growth. At this time, the birds arrive in flocks, alight within the fields, and squeeze "milk" from the developing seeds or hull the …

Seasonal, Habitat And Sex-Specific Patterns Of Food Utilization By Red-Winged Blackbirds (Agelaius Phoeniceous) In Eastern Ontario And Their Economic Importance, Donald K. Mcnichol, Raleigh J. Robertson, Patrick J. Weatherhead

Bird Control Seminars Proceedings

Crop depredation by red-winged blackbirds (Agelaius phoeniceus) causes serious economic losses to agricultural crops each year in both Canada and the United States. The concentration of vulnerable, monocultural crops, particularly corn, during periods when large flocks of blackbirds congregate in roosting areas prior to migration has invariably led to heavy feeding pressure (Stone et al., 1972; Wiens and Dyer, 1975; Tyler et al., 1978). Efforts to reduce damage levels by mechanical and chemical dispersal agents have been largely unsuccessful, at least in terms of a long-term solution to the problem. Recently, the lethal control of blackbird populations using surfactants has …

List Of Participants: Eighth Bird Control Seminar 1979

Bird Control Seminars Proceedings

Participants and attendees of the Eighth Bird Control Seminar, October 30--November 1, 1979

Pigeon Associated People Diseases, Walter Weber

Bird Control Seminars Proceedings

Feral pigeons (Columbia livia) are not harmless birds. Many potential infections of humans silently exist in pigeons which are not apparent. They have the potential for transmission of over 30 diseases to humans plus another ten to domestic animals. Environmental pollution from pigeon droppings is quite evident. Air pollution involves more than noxious gases from automobile exhausts and belching smokestacks. One serious air pollutant is air-borne fungi, which are agents for infectious diseases. There is much information written about the problem, but it remains primarily in the professional journals and technical references, neatly stacked away on library shelves. …

New Developments In Bird Resistant Sorghums, Roger W. Bullard

Bird Control Seminars Proceedings

In recent years there has been a major shift of emphasis from lethal to nonlethal methods of controlling bird damage to agricultural crops. In addition to being unpopular, killing large number of birds has generally been ineffective because of rapid recovery of populations. Consequently, most of the methods that are now being investigated emphasize crop protection. Since sorghums are especially vulnerable to bird damage, considerable effort has been expended in the past 20 years to develop varieties that have morphological or chemical characteristics which are resistant to bird damage (Harris, 1969; Tipton et al., 1970; McMillian et al., 1972). Some …

Review Of Avian Mortality Due To Collisions With Manmade Structures, Michael L. Avery

Bird Control Seminars Proceedings

Birds have undoubtedly been colliding with manmade structures ever since humans started building things skyward. The earliest documented instances of collision mortali- ty in this country are from the late 1800's (Coues 1876, Merriam 1885) and the problems continue unabated today. The total avian mortality due to collisions with manmade obstacles is probably greater every year as buildings, towers, chimneys, overhead power lines, and other structures are erected in ever-increasing numbers. Weir (1976) provides an excellent review of bird migration, weather, and collision mortality associated with various types of structures.
The biological significance of collision mortality to any species is …

Developmental Status Of N-(3-Chloro-4-Methylphenyl) Acetamide As A Candidate Blackbird/Starling Roost Toxicant, Paul W. Lefebvre, Nicholas R. Holler, Raymond E. Matteson, Edward W. Schafer Jr., Donald J. Cunningham

Bird Control Seminars Proceedings

Large winter roosts of blackbirds (Icteridae) and starlings (Sturnus vulgaris) often cause conflicts, both real and imagined, between the birds and local human popula- tions. These conflicts may range from objections to the noise and odor engendered by thousands or millions of birds, to fear of epidemic human and livestock diseases, and the possibility of economic losses from crop depredations. Many people believe the most direct way to combat these conflicts is to reduce local roosting populations by kill- ing the birds. In response to this perceived need for a roost toxicant, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS) developed …

Behavioural And Physiological Problems Associated With The Development Of Curb, Rufus J. Stone

Bird Control Seminars Proceedings

CURB is a harmless chemical repellent formulated and prepared to control avian and mammalian behavior which may result in losses of cultivated crops at all stages of growth, of food in storage, and also in behavior which may endanger health (e.g. dogs fouling) or life (e.g. birds on runways at airports). It is a fine powder, which may be wet- table for spraying when mixed with water; or it may be prepared for dry application. It is synergised aluminum ammonium sulfate. Its LD50 is greater than 5 gr/kg; it has passed the U.S.A. and French skin and eye mucosa tests …

Behavioral Control Of Seagulls At Langley Air Force Base, John F. Stout, Ernest R. Schwab

Bird Control Seminars Proceedings

Sea gulls (Laridae) of various species are more frequently reported in bird-aircraft collisions than any other group of birds. Various sources (Thorpe, 1976; Salter, 1976; Blokpoel, 1976) report that gulls were involved in 40 to 60% of all bird strikes for both civilian and military aircraft. A majority of these incidents occurred during landing or takeoff in the immediate vicinity of the airport. Thus, reducing the number of gulls in operationally critical areas of the airport is an important goal for flight safety manage- ment. Sea gulls at Langley Air Force Base (Harrison and Godsey, 1976) and other airports (Blokpoel, …

Cardiac And Operant Behavior Response Of Starlings (Sturnus Vulgaris) To Distress And Alarm Sounds, R. Daniel Thompson, Brad E. Johns, C. Val Grant

Bird Control Seminars Proceedings

A variety of auditory stimuli have been used for many years as a means of repelling nuisance birds from problem areas (Boudreau, 1968; Bremond et al., 1968; Frings and Jumber, 1954; Langowski et al., 1969; Nelson and Seubert 1966; Pearson and Corner, 1967; Thompson et al., 1966, 1968a, b). This approach to alleviating bird problems is ap- pealing because wild birds are considered very sensitive to sound stimuli of biological origin, and such stimuli are harmless to both target and nontarget species. The harmless aspect is an important advantage in dealing with wildlife related problems because of the increased public …

Food Preferences And Damage Levels Of Some Avian Rice Field Pests In Malaysia, Michael L. Avery

Bird Control Seminars Proceedings

As in many other countries throughout the world, rice is a staple food item in Malaysia. Through the development of improved varieties, irrigation systems, and agronomic practices, rice production there has increased substantially in recent years and the country is now 80-85% self-sufficient in rice. The main limitation to obtaining full self-sufficiency is the lack of additional land area suitable for raising two rice crops annually (Samy 1977). Another factor limiting production is rice crop pests, particularly rats and insects. Birds also are generally acknowledged as pests in rice fieids of this region (FAO 1973, De Grazio 1978), but in …

A New “Parotrap” Adapted From The Mac Trap For Capturing Live Parakeets In The Field, Elsadig Awad Bashir

Bird Control Seminars Proceedings

The Rose-ringed parakeet (Psittacula krameri [Scopdi]) has been reported (Roberts, 1974; Bashir, 1978; Beg, 1978; and DeGrazio, 1978) as a serious bird pest of maize, sunflower, rape seeds, and fruit crops, particularly citrus, mangoes, and guavas, in Pakistan. Estimated annual losses to maize grown for seed alone amount to about 97,000 tons, worth about Pak. Rs. 150 million or US $15 million (Roberts, 1978). Paradoxically, this handsome bright green parakeet is highly esteemed in the pet trade; and limited numbers are also marketed locally and sometimes exported to neighboring countries, particularly the Arab Gulf Emirates, as caged pets. Traditional control …

Diets Of The Red-Billed Quelea (Quelea Quelea) In The Awash River Basin Of Ethiopia, W. A. Erickson

Bird Control Seminars Proceedings

An understanding of the feeding ecology of the red-billed quelea (Quelea quelea) is necessary for a comprehensive assessment of the potential impact of this species on cereals development. Queleas are reported to subsist primarily on wild Gramineae (Ward 1965a; Gaston 1976), but their mobility and tendency to feed in large aggregations readily adapts them to becoming a major cereal crop pest (Dyer & Ward 1977). Currently, conflicting evidence exists as to the factors involved in attacks on cereals and the relationship of depredation to the availability of wild foods. In Nigeria, Ward’s (1965a) findings indicated queleas prefer small wild grass …

Effects Of The Roost Site On The Energetics Of Blackbirds And Starlings, Sheldon Lustick, Michael Kelty

Bird Control Seminars Proceedings

To augment their physiological and physical thermoregulatory capacity, many birds display long-term behavioral adjustments; the significance of this has been considered, yet detailed information is lacking (Dawson and Hudson 1970; Calder and King 1974). One such behavioral adjustment appears to be communal roosting in sheltered areas during winter nights. This behavior has been demonstrated in nuthatches (Sitta spp.) (Knorr 1957), finches (Leucosticte spp.) (French 1959; King and Wales 1964), eastern bluebirds (Siala sialis) (Frazier and Nolan 1959), red-winged blackbirds (Agelaius phoniceus), brown headed cowbirds (Molothrus ater), bronzed grackles (Quiscalus quiscula) (Francis 1976), and starlings (Sturnus vulgaris) (Francis 1976; Yom-Tov et …

Volume 3, Number 10 (October 1979), The Solar Ocean Energy Liaison

The OTEC Liaison

No abstract provided.

The Probe, Issue 2 - October 1979

The Probe: Newsletter of the National Animal Damage Control Association

Contents:

WHEN IS A PELT NOT WORTH TAKING?
NEWS FROM DISNEY WORLD, D.C.
NADCA TAKES A STAND AT "SCOPE" HEARINGS
THERE'S A NEW KOOK ON THE BLOCK
ADC LOSES ANOTHER SHELL GAME
NADCA MEMBERSHIP IS A PRIZE
TRAP TIPS
Vice-President Homer S. Ford
Region I Director - Willard E. Nelson
Region II Director - Clyde R Madsen
Region III Director - Wesley R. Jones
Region IV Director - John C. Jones
Region V Director - Howard A. Merrill
Bird related topics

The Effects Of Sewage Pollution Abatement On Phytoplankton Productivity And Standing Crop In Hillsborough Bay, Florida, City Of Tampa Department Of Sanitary Sewers

Reports

In September 1976, the City of Tampa initiated a comprehensive monitoring study of the ecology of the phytoplankton community of Hillsborough Bay. Numerous studies elsewhere have shown that phytoplankton are well suited as monitors of trophic state due to their rapid response to changing environmental conditions (Hohn, 1959; Williams, 1964; Margalef, 1968; Welch, 1968; Dunstan, 1975; Taslakain and Hardy, 1976). The present study is designed to relate changes in the phytoplankton community of Hillsborough Bay with the reduced nutrient load entering the Bay from the AWT facility.

Rare, Threatened And Endangered Vascular Plants In Oregon: An Interim Report, Jean L. Siddall, Kenton L. Chambers, David H. Wagner

Institute for Natural Resources Publications

This report on rare, threatened and endangered vascular plants in Oregon is a basic document in the process of inventorying the state's natural areas * Prerequisite to the orderly establishment of natural preserves for research and conservation in Oregon are (1) a classification of the ecological types, and (2) a listing of the special organisms, which should be represented in a comprehensive system of designated natural areas. The necessary ecological classification was published in the U.S. Forest Service Pacific Northwest Forest and Range Experiment Station document, "Research Natural Area Needs in the Pacific Northwest," by Dyrness et al. (1975). This …