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A >130,000-Year-Long Pollen Record From Pittsburg Basin, Illinois, Rebecca Teed

Earth and Environmental Sciences Faculty Publications

Pittsburg Basin, in south-central Illinois, contains a sediment record extending from the present back to the end of the late Illinoian glaciation, when central Illinois was covered with Picea/Pinus forest. During the last interglaciation, a temperate deciduous forest more diverse than Holocene Quercus/Carya forest replaced the Illinoian late-glacial boreal forest. Prairie pollen types and the charcoal/pollen ratio, indicating fire frequency, temporarily increased. Then forest, with high Juniperus percentages, became dominant once more, as the charcoal/pollen ratio dropped. After the last interglaciation, the charcoal/pollen ratio increased again and prairie and wetland surrounded Pittsburg Basin through the entire Wisconsinan glacial age. The …

The Prairie Naturalist Volume 32, No.3 September 2000

The Prairie Naturalist

SPECIAL FEATURE: LESSER PRAIRIE-CHICKEN

PREFACE ▪ C. E. Braun

NOTE ON SPECIAL FEATURES

POPULATION STATUS AND MANAGEMENT OF LESSER PRAIRIE-CHICKEN IN COLORADO ▪ K. M. Giesen

STATUS OF NESTING HABITAT FOR LESSER PRAIRIE-CHICKEN IN NEW MEXICO ▪ J. A. Bailey, J. Klingel, and C. A. Davis

STATUS OF THE LESSER PRAIRIE-CHICKEN IN NEW MEXICO, 1999 ▪ . J. A. Bailey, and S. O. Williams III

DISTRIBUTION AND POPULATION TREND OF LESSER PRAIRIE-CHICKEN IN KANSAS ▪ W. E. Jensen, D A. Robinson. Jr and R. D. Applegate

REVIEW OF THE HISTORICAL AND PRESENT STATUS OF THE LESSER PRAIRIE-CHICKEN (Tympanuchus pallidicinctus) IN …

Pride Water Quality Assessment Report: I. Problems And Programs, Kentucky Water Resources Research Institute. University Of Kentucky

KWRRI Research Reports

This report provides an overview of the water quality problems and associated state and federal programs in the 40 counties that make up the PRIDE region. The 2000 Kentucky 305(b) stream assessment has identified over 1000 miles of impaired stream within the region. The major cause of pollution in the region is related to problems with pathogens. Much of these problems are related to straight pipes and failing septic and wastewater systems. It has been estimated that there are over 35,000 straight pipes and failing septic systems in the PRIDE region. A second major environmental impact in the region is …

Pride Water Quality Assessment Report: Iii. Existing And Proposed Monitoring Network, Kentucky Water Resources Research Institute, University Of Kentucky

KWRRI Research Reports

This document provides a recommendation for proposed sampling sites in support of the general water quality assessment of the 40 county PRIDE region. A general assessment of the associated environmental problems and programs in the region can be found in the companion report: PRIDE Water Quality Assessment Report I: Problems and Programs while the report PRIDE Water Quality Assessment Report II: Chemical, Biological and Habitat Assessments provides a 10 year baseline assessment of environmental conditions in the region as measured by indicators of pH, fecal coliforms, habitat assessment, and macro-invertebrate assessment.

Pride Water Quality Assessment Report: Ii. Chemical, Biological And Habitat Assessments, Kentucky Water Resources Research Institute, University Of Kentucky

KWRRI Research Reports

The efficient utilization of federal funds in improving the water quality and aquatic habitat of the region requires a mechanism for assessing and evaluating the impacts of the proposed and ongoing projects as well as some mechanism for prioritizing the allocation of additional funds. In order to evaluate the effectiveness of these projects it is important to provide a formal monitoring and assessment program based on sound scientific principles. This report provides an initial 10 year baseline assessment of the existing water quality conditions in the 40 county PRIDE·region for the purpose of evaluating the impacts of the PRIDE programs …

Agriculture Western Australia's Great Southern Agricultural Research Institute Katanning, Agriculture Western Australia

Natural resources published reports

Agriculture Western Australia's Great Southern Agricultural Research Institute has been established as a centre of excellence for research, development and extension into sustainable farming systems The. agency has a long association with the town of Katanning dating back to 1925 when the agency provided a general agricultural advisor.

The new Institute is strategically located in the heart of key sheep and cropping production areas with significant growth potential.

Its role is to stimulate the contribution of ideas from individuals, groups and organisations with an interest in research, development and extension relating to innovative, profitable and sustainable animal and cropping based …

A Science-Based Initiative To Manage Double-Crested Cormorant Damage To Southern Aquaculture, James F. Glahn, Mark E. Tobin, Bradley F. Blackwell

United States Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services: Staff Publications

Aquaculture has expanded rapidly in the Southern United States during the past two decades, especially the cultivation of catfish, crawfish, and bait fish. These fish usually are cultivated on farms with extensive systems of large shallow ponds that are highly susceptible to predation by birds. Double-crested cormorants (Phalacrocorax auritus ), American white pelicans (Pelecanus erythrorhynchos ), wading birds (e.g., Ardea alba, Ardea herodius ), and scaup (Aythya spp. ) are among the birds most frequently implicated. Well-documented problems associated with cormorant predation on catfish farms have coincided with the increase of this industry and the rapid …

Utility Of Tdwr And Asr-9 Data To Mitigate Bird Strikes At Commercial Airports, Mark A. Isaminger, Mark E. Weber

Bird Strike Committee-USA/Canada Joint Annual Meeting: 2nd (2000)

Conflicts between birds and commercial aircraft are a noteworthy problem at both large and small airports. The risk factor for U.S. airports continues to increase due to the steady rise in take-off/landings and bird populations. The focus of bird strike mitigation in the past has centered primarily on Wildlife Management techniques. Recently, an Avian Hazard Advisory System (AHAS) has been developed to reduce the risks of bird strikes to military operations. This system uses a mosaic of data collected by the Next Generation Weather Radar (NEXRAD). This sensor serves as an excellent tool for enroute bird advisories due to the …

The Avian Hazard Advisory System (Ahas): Operational Use Of Weather Radar For Reducing Bird Strike Risk In North America, T. Adam Kelly, Ron Merritt, Andreas Smith, Mark Howera, Ron White

Bird Strike Committee-USA/Canada Joint Annual Meeting: 2nd (2000)

The Avian Hazard Advisory System (AHAS) was developed to use NEXRAD weather radar data and National Weather Service (NWS) weather data to forecast and monitor bird activity. The system was tested in a pilot study in 1998 and became operational for the eastern 1/3 of the USA in March 2000. Two thousand low level routes, ranges, airspace and military airfields are evaluated every hour. The monitoring of birds in near real time uses algorithms developed by Geo-Marine, Inc to isolate biological targets from weather. Removing the weather returns permits subsequent processing to retrieve information on bird strike risk to be …

Factors Associated With Damaging Bird Strikes For United States Air Force Aircraft, Christine A. Tedrow, Patrick F. Scanlon, James A. Parkhurst, Steve L. Mcmullin

Bird Strike Committee-USA/Canada Joint Annual Meeting: 2nd (2000)

Analysis of strike data is critical to determine the true economic costs of bird strikes, determine the magnitude of safety issues, and develop preventive measures. Analysis of USAF bird-strike data identified trends and indicated suggested relationships among factors contributing to damaging strikes. From FY 1988 through FY 1997, the annual mean was 2,668 bird strikes with peaks evident in fall and spring. Daylight and dusk were hazardous for bird strikes. More bird strikes occurred during airfield operations and when aircraft were operating at low altitudes (and when soaring birds were more numerous). Aircraft speed, phase of flight, taxonomic group, bird …

Current Status Of The Usaf Bird Avoidance Model (Bam), Russell P. Defusco

Bird Strike Committee-USA/Canada Joint Annual Meeting: 2nd (2000)

The United States Air Force (USAF) Bird Aircraft Strike Hazard (BASH) Team has been developing versions of a Bird Avoidance Model (BAM) since the early 1980’s. In the developmental phases of the first models, it was recognized that avoiding birds on low-level routes and ranges was the only solution to the significant problem of bird strikes to these military operations nationwide. The early versions of BAM were limited in coverage, biological data, and resolution. With the advent of sophisticated Geographic Information System (GIS) technology and advances in computational capability, modern versions of the USAF BAM have become increasingly robust and …

Proceedings Of 2nd Bird Strike Committee Usa/Canada Annual Meeting

Bird Strike Committee-USA/Canada Joint Annual Meeting: 2nd (2000)

Proceedings of 2nd Bird Strike Committee USA/Canada Annual Meeting Abstracts

The John Muir Newsletter, Fall 2000, The John Muir Center For Regional Studies

Muir Center Newsletters (1981-2015)

I J ' Ov Volume 10, Number 4 NEWSLETTER I Fall 2000 A Sense of the Natural by Richard F. Fleck w rom the time of my first published essay about a Maine sea coast tidal pool in June, 1954 (when I was not quite seventeen), until now, some forty-six fpars later, my major source of inspiration has been the Batural world, be it the Irish Mountains of Mourne rolling flown to the sea or the rocky coast of Maine, or the windy Himmits of Longs Peak, Colorado or Mount Fuji, Japan, ■have always delighted in the smell of turf …

Characterization Of An Isolate That Uses Vinyl Chloride As A Growth Substrate Under Aerobic Conditions, Matthew F. Verce, Ricky L. Ulrich, David L. Freedman

Publications

An aerobic enrichment culture was developed by using vinyl chloride (VC) as the sole organic carbon and electron donor source. VC concentrations as high as 7.3 mM were biodegraded without apparent inhibition. VC use did not occur when nitrate was provided as the electron acceptor. A gram-negative, rod-shaped, motile isolate was obtained from the enrichment culture and identified based on biochemical characteristics and the sequence of its 16S rRNA gene as Pseudomonas aeruginosa, designated strain MF1. The observed yield of MF1 when it was grown on VC was 0.20 mg of total suspended solids (TSS)/mg of VC. Ethene, acetate, glyoxylate, …

An Analysis Of Deer–Vehicle Collisions: The Case Of Ohio, Kurt A. Schwabe, Peter W. Schuhmann, Michael J. Tonkovich, Ellen Wu

Human Conflicts with Wildlife: 2002 Symposium

The costs of deer-vehicle collisions (DVCs) in Ohio are estimated to be in excess of US$ 52 million annually. The intention of this paper is to identify factors contributing to the abundance of DVCs in Ohio, calculate the average cost of a deer–vehicle collision event, and illustrate the potential gains in economic efficiency from alternative approaches for reducing DVCs. Our results suggest that large potential economic gains from reducing DVCs in Ohio exist and that the optimal strategies for achieving these reductions seem to combine both changes in deer management schemes and deer-vehicle mitigation strategies.

Cormorant Depredation Losses And Their Prevention At Catfish Farms: Economic Considerations, James F. Glahn, Scott J. Werner, Terry Hanson, Carole R. Engle

Human Conflicts with Wildlife: 2002 Symposium

Although several piscivorous birds are involved in depredation conflicts with southern aquaculture, the double-crested cormorant causes some of the most widespread and significant problems to catfish, the dominant industry. Unlike other agriculture commodities, catfish losses due to predation cannot be directly measured, so we review several approaches taken to estimate these losses. Although these approaches are valid for predicting the costs of simply replacing these fish at the time of predation, they have been criticized because they failed to consider the functional relationships between predation and output parameters at harvest. Recent controlled experiments are reviewed that confirm previous estimates of …

The Endangered Species Act And Private Landowner Incentives, Jeffrey A. Michael

Human Conflicts with Wildlife: 2002 Symposium

While intended to increase the habitat available to endangered species, the restrictions of the Endangered Species Act (ESA) increase the costs of harboring an endangered species to private landowners and create incentives for private landowners to reduce habitat. This paper illustrates the incentive for habitat destruction with a simple model of private land use under the ESA, and uses it to predict the effects of changes in policy or biological conditions on private landowner incentives. Many anecdotal accounts and recent empirical research support the predictions of the model. Because of the ESA’s perverse incentives, many have proposed replacing the punitive …

Impacts Of House Mice On Crops In Australia: Costs And Damage, Peter R. Brown, Grant R. Singleton

Human Conflicts with Wildlife: 2002 Symposium

Rodents cause serious losses to crops in many different parts of the world. The house mouse (Mus domesticus, Schwarz and Schwarz 1943) is a serious pest to agriculture in Australia. The impacts of house mouse damage to crops in Australia were examined. Plagues of mice (> 1,000 mice/ha) cause enormous economic and social stress to rural communities in Australia. The mouse plague in 1993/94 caused about US$60 million in damage to crops, intensive livestock industries, and rural communities. The impact of mouse plagues is generally well understood, but there is a dearth of knowledge about the relationship between …

Development Of A Model To Assess Rodent Control In Swine Facilities, Kurt C. Vercauteren, Scott E. Hygnstrom, Robert M. Timm, Robert M. Corrigan, John Beller, Larry L. Bitney, Michael C. Brumm, Daniel Meyer, Dallas R. Virchow, Robert W. Wills

Human Conflicts with Wildlife: 2002 Symposium

At the request, and with the support, of the National Pork Producers Council we are conducting a comprehensive economic analysis of rodent control in swine production facilities. The authors represent an interdisciplinary working group that has been assembled to identify all necessary input variables and values associated with rodent damage and control. The working group consists of specialists in swine production, facilities management, agricultural economics, swine health, rodent control, the pest management industry, systems modeling, and distance education. We incorporated data from the scientific literature and personal experience into an interactive STELLA systems model. The model generates benefit-cost analyses and …

Using Bioeconomic Models To Maximize Benefits From Vertebrate Pest Control: Lamb Predation By Feral Pigs, David Choquenot, Jim Hone

Human Conflicts with Wildlife: 2002 Symposium

The question “When should investment in pest control stop?” either explicitly or implicitly underpins decisions concerning pest control made at every level of enterprise or government, regardless of whether these decisions are tactical or strategic. Bioeconomic modeling provides a quantitative framework for considering the benefits and costs of alternative pest control strategies. In this case study, we develop 3 bioeconomic models that examine strategies based on helicopter shooting and 1080 poisoning, for reducing feral pig (Sus scrofa) predation of newborn lambs in wool-growing enterprises located in Australia’s rangelands. In the first model, marginal analysis indicated that helicopter shooting …

Economics Of Predation Management In Relation To Agriculture, Wildlife, And Human Health And Safety, Michael J. Bodenchuk, J. Russell Mason, William C. Pitt

Human Conflicts with Wildlife: 2002 Symposium

Predation management is controversial and much recent debate has focused on the cost of management efforts. This manuscript considers the cost of predators to agriculture, big game or threatened and endangered species management, and human health and safety. Subsequently, the cost of efforts to manage predation in these contexts is discussed, and benefit:cost ratios are calculated. When properly applied, predation management shows benefit:cost ratios of between 3:1 to 27:1 for agriculture and 2:1 to 22:1 for wildlife protection. For human health and safety, benefit:cost ratios are more difficult to calculate, but we argue that benefits outweigh costs in many different …

Pieces Of Silver: Examples Of The Economic Impact And Management Of The Silver Gull (Larus Novaehollandiae) In Melbourne, Australia, Ian D. Temby

Human Conflicts with Wildlife: 2002 Symposium

Like a number of gull species, the silver gull Larus novaehollandiae has expanded its population in response to human food subsidy. The major anthropogenic food source is food waste at rubbish tips. Other sources of human food waste are also exploited. Many problems result from the activities of these birds, including human health and safety, economic impacts, and effects on the conservation of other species. My study examines aspects of the economic impacts of the silver gull on the human community of the Greater Melbourne Area comprising approximately 4,065 km² (1,569 square miles). My data collection method involves identifying …

Wildlife Impacts On Forest Resources, Dale L. Nolte, Mike Dykzeul

Human Conflicts with Wildlife: 2002 Symposium

The negative impacts of wildlife on forest resources can be extensive. This paper provides some insight into the economic and environmental consequences of wildlife damage to forest resources and a brief overview of the damage inflicted by select wildlife species. Probably the most thorough measure of wildlife damage to forests in the Pacific Northwest was initiated in 1963 and 1964 by the Committee on Animal Damage Survey of the Western Forestry and Conservation Association. This study estimated that 30% of the tree seedlings planted would be damaged if no preventive practices were implemented; stocking rates on unprotected sites were 75% …

The Economic Impact Of Invasive Species To Wildlife Services’ Cooperators, David L. Bergman, Monte D. Chandler, Adrienne Locklear

Human Conflicts with Wildlife: 2002 Symposium

On February 3, 1999, the president of the United States signed an Executive Order 13112 on invasive species. Each federal agency was directed to detect and respond rapidly to control populations of invasive species, monitor invasive species populations, provide for restoration of native species and habitat conditions, conduct research on invasive species and develop technologies to prevent their introduction, and promote public education on invasive species and the means to address them. The United States Department of Agriculture’s Wildlife Services Program fulfills a federal responsibility for helping solve problems which occur when human activity and wildlife, including invasive species, are …

Has An Integrated Pest Management Approach Reduced Blackbird Damage To Sunflower?, George M. Linz, Brian D. Peer, H. Jeffrey Homan, Ryan L. Wimberly, David L. Bergman, William J. Bleier

Human Conflicts with Wildlife: 2002 Symposium

Since the mid-1970s many new and modified damage abatement methods have been implemented to reduce blackbird damage to ripening sunflower in the northern Great Plains. Concurrently, estimates were made of breeding blackbird densities and sunflower damage to track changes in population size and chart progress toward reducing damage. Breeding density estimates were made at both the regional and county levels, whereas sunflower damage estimates were made at the county level only. Periodic regional estimates of breeding densities, between 1967 and 1998, showed that numbers of red-winged blackbirds (Agelaius phoeniceus) and yellow-headed blackbirds (Xanthocephalus xanthocephalus) did not …

The Relationship Of Small Mammal Species To Habitat Variables In West-Central Georgia And East-Central Alabama, Patricia Maureen Kosky

Theses and Dissertations

The objective of this investigation was to assess the impact of environmental variables upon small mammal species distribution in 60 plots on Fort Benning, Muscogee and Chattahoochee Counties, Georgia and Russell County, Alabama. The small mammal fieldwork was carried out in December of 1994 through January of 1995. The vegetation was inventoried in June through October of 1995. During this period, 235 small mammals were trapped in a total of 5950 trap nights. A total of 10 small mammal species and 234 plant species were identified. The small mammal species abundance's were determined by using snap trapping along the plot …

Mechanical Mouse Lure For Brown Treesnakes, Alexandria C. Lindberg, John A. Shivik, Larry Clark

United States Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services: Staff Publications

The importance of prey movement for stimulating feeding behavior of Brown Treesnakes was tested by using a mechanical mouse model in combination with and without prey odor. Prey movement was found to be important in stimulating brown treesnake feeding behavior. Prey movement combined with prey odor was not significantly different than prey movement alone. In the development of simple artificial lures based on the stimulus of live mice, visual lures lacking movement are likely to be ineffective. Lures that combine a visual moving stimulus with prey odor are likely to be the most effective artificial lure for trapping brown treesnakes.

Dynamics Of Green Ash Woodlands In Theodore Roosevelt National Park, Lynn R. Irby, Jack E. Norland, Mark G. Sullivan, Jerry A. Westfall, Jr., Paula Andersen

United States National Park Service: Publications

Green ash (Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marsh.) communities are valuable as sources of biological diversity and shelter for livestock in the Northern Great Plains. Excessive use of stands by livestock tends to convert these woodland communities to less valuable shrublands. We monitored 12 green ash stands in Theodore Roosevelt National Park (TRNP) from 1985 through 1996 to determine changes in species composition, plant density, and canopy coverage in green ash communities that were protected from livestock but exposed to foraging by native ungulates. Over the 12-year sampling period, density of choke cherry (Prunus virginiana L.) and Saskatoon service-berry (Amelanchier …

The Eos Prototype Validation Exercise (Prove) At Jornada: Overview And Lessons Learned, J. L. Privette, G. P. Asner, J. Conel, K. F. Huemmrich, R. Olson, A. Rango, A. F. Rahman, K. Thome, Elizabeth A. Walter-Shea

School of Natural Resources: Faculty Publications

The Earth Observing System (EOS) instrument teams must validate the operational products they produce from the Terra spacecraft data. As a pilot for future validation activities, four EOS teams (MODIS, MISR, ASTER, and Landsat-7) and community experts conducted an 11-day field campaign in May 1997 near Las Cruces, NM. The goals of the Prototype Validation Exercise (PROVE) included (1) gaining experience in the collection and use of field data for EOS product validation; (2) developing coordination, measurement, and data-archiving protocols; and (3) compiling a synoptic land and atmospheric data set for testing algorithms. PROVE was held at the USDA-Agricultural Research …

Trophic Dynamics And Pollution Effects In Cave Springs Cave, Arkansas, G. O. Graening, Arthur V. Brown

Arkansas Water Resources Center Technical Reports

No abstract provided.