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U.S. Research On Whales, Robert L. Brownell Jr.

United States Department of Commerce: Staff Publications

The United States is a member of the International Whaling Commission (IWC) and thus shares responsibility with 13 other countries for conducting research on whales. In 1958, our research program was moved from La Jolla, California, to the Marine Mammal Biological Laboratory in Seattle under the direction of the Bureau of Commercial Fisheries (BCF), Department of Interior. This move consolidated the scientific staff, libraries, and facilities used for marine mammal research. The legislation that created the Bureau made this organization the one responsible for decisions regarding the use of whale resources.

The Standing Committee on Marine Mammals of the American …

Supplying Wood Products For More People - A Challenge To The Forest Industry, John A. Segur, F. Bruce Lamb, Basil E. Allen

Yale School of the Environment Bulletin Series

No abstract provided.

An Evaluation Of Relationships Between Streamflow Patterns And Watershed Characteristics Through The Use Of Opset, L. Douglas James, William O. Thompson, Glendon Allen Ross, Earnest Y. Liou

KWRRI Research Reports

Selection among alternative flood control measures would be better informed if better information could be obtained on the marginal change in flood hazard associated with land use and other changes in the tributary watershed. Hydrologic modeling is the most promising approach to answering this question; however, the use of existing models is hampered by the absence of information correlating model parameters with physical characteristics of the watershed.

To deal with this situation, a method was developed for estimating the parameter values for the Stanford Watershed Model which best match recorded with simulated streamflows. Physical characteristics were measured for 17 rural …

Factors Affecting Relocation In Response To Reservoir Development, Rabel J. Burdge, Richard L. Ludtke

KWRRI Research Reports

The focus of this paper is on the question of how rural people anticipate forced moves as a result of flood control projects and how they change their life in accepting separation from familiar surroundings.

A model of faced migration is presented which sees the variables of socioeconomic status, knowledge of reservoir projects, vested interests and the degree of identification with place of affected persons as producing differential apprehension over moving. Differential apprehension is then seen as producing different attitudes toward the project which will influence the type of migration plans.

To test this model of forced migration, data were …

Anticipations Of Change: A Socio-Economic Description Of A Kentucky County Before Reservoir Construction, Charles Robert Smith

KWRRI Research Reports

In the past the construction of large reservoirs in the United States has been evaluated largely in terms of the economic benefit they bring to the area where they are constructed and to the nation. Where human populations are involved, however, a host of social changes occur, many of which fundamentally alter the way of life of a people.

This report is part of a larger study which aims at analyzing the social costs and benefits of reservoir construction. The project is long range in that studies are to be carried out before, during, and after construction. This report concentrates …

Opset Program For Computerized Selection Of Watershed Parameter Values For The Stanford Watershed Model, Earnest Yuan-Shang Liou, L. Douglas James

KWRRI Research Reports

The advent of high-speed electronic computer made it possible to model complex hydrologic processes by mathematical expressions and thereby simulate streamflows from climatological data. The most widely used program is the Stanford Watershed Model, a digital parametric model of the land phase of the hydrologic cycle based on moisture accounting processes. It can be used to simulate annual or longer flow sequences at hourly time intervals. Due to its capability of simulating historical streamflows from recorded climatological data, it has a great potential in the planning and design of water resources systems. However, widespread use of the Stanford Watershed Model …

Evaluation Of The Social Impact Of Reservoir Construction On The Residential Plans Of Displaced Persons In Kentucky And Ohio, Richard L. Ludtke, Rabel J. Burdge

KWRRI Research Reports

The states of Kentucky and Ohio have numerous reservoir projects at various stages of planning and construction. Each of the projects produces substantial social impact for the residents of the area and particularly for those persons affected by a loss of property and homes. This impact is not uniform in that people respond differently to displacement and the methods of adjusting relocation are known to differ among people.

This research was initiated to develop and test a model for explaining migration under such conditions. The model includes a consideration of people's potential for transferring existing statuses to new residences, the …

The Economic Value Of Natural Areas For Recreational Hunting, Kenneth Gene Holbrook

KWRRI Research Reports

The pressures of population growth, urbanization, and improved transportation are diminishing the availability of quality naturalistic sites for recreation while at the same time producing greater demands for their use. One cause contributing to the reduction in acreage in naturalistic areas is the construction of reservoirs. The recreational hunting value of the naturalistic area to be inundated should be considered as a negative consequence in the economic evaluation of a proposed reservoir site.

This study utilized hunting data collected by the Kentucky Department of Fish and Wildlife, from the 120 Kentucky counties to estimate the economic, value of the average …

Pheasant Use And Waterfowl Production On State And Private Lands, Charles R. Elliott

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Ring-necked pheasant (Phasianus colchicus) use on state-owned game production areas was compared to that on privately-owned areas in east-central South Dakota. Four 80-acre and four 160-acre tracts of state lands were paired with private areas of the same size having the same amount of wetland and were selected from aerial photographs taken before the purchase of the state-owned areas. None of four nests were successful on private areas in 1968 and three of five nests were successful on game production areas. In 1969 three of 19 nests were successful on private areas and 10 of 21 nests were successful on …

Hydrograph Synthesis For Watershed Subzones From Measured Urban Parameters, Joseph B. Evelyn, V. V. Dhruva Narayana, J. Paul Riley, Eugene K. Israelsen

Reports

An analog computer program was developed to simulate the outflow hydrographs at four locations within the 38th Street Waller Creek urban watershed at Austin, Texas. Actual outflow was gaged at the final outlet of the watershed. This provided a checkpoint for comparing the simulated and observed final outflow hydrographs. The outflow hydrographs for each subzone were obtained by chronologically abstracting interception, infiltration, and depression storage from their precipitation hyetographs. These outflow hydrographs were then routed through Waller Creek channel to obtain the hydrographs at the four desired locations. The advantages of this model are the flexibility in varying the precipitation …

Some Ecological Relations Of Fairy Shrimps In Alkaline Habitats Of Nebraska, D. B. Mccarraher

Nebraska Game and Parks Commission: Staff Research Publications

Ecological studies on the distribution of fairy shrimps have been made from 246 sites in the sandhills region of Nebraska. New records for Nebraska have been established for Artemia salina, Branchinecta campestris, B. lindahli, B. mackini and Cyzicus mexicanus. Seasonal populations of shrimp have been located in habitats containing permanent fish populations. Water mineralization was the dominant environmental condition related to the distribution of phyllopods with sodium and potassium compounds predominating in the strongly alkaline lakes. Several of the Artemia lakes were classified as hydroxide sites. Many of the alkaline ponds, where B. lindahli and B. campestris flourish, are …

Water Resources News, Volume 2, No. 1, January 1970

Water Current Newsletter

Implementation of Legislative Bill LB57
Council on Environmental Quality Established
Users Charges Suggested for Flood Control and Navigation
Applied Mathematical Programming in Water Resources
NSF Seeks Proposals for Research on Social Problems
Tentative Regulations Issued for Water Pollution Control Grants
Research on Phosphate-Free Detergents Sought
Land Grant Colleges Urge Expansion of Water Centers
GAO Review of Pollution Control Effort
Additional Urban Water Needed
Listing of FWPCA Awards in Research
Research Review
New Publications Received by the Institute

Man And His Environment: The Ecological Limits Of Optimism, R. S. Miller, G. M. Woodwell, W. R. Burch, P. A. Jordan, R. L. Means

Yale School of the Environment Bulletin Series

No abstract provided.

Natural Variation In Susceptibility Of Pinus To Neodiprion Sawflies As A Basis For The Development Of A Breeding Scheme For Resistant Trees, Walter R. Henson, Louis C. O'Neil, Francois Mergen

Yale School of the Environment Bulletin Series

No abstract provided.

Chemical Analyses Of Plant Tissues From The Hubbard Brook Ecosystem In New Hampshire, Gene E. Likens, F. Herbert Bormann

Yale School of the Environment Bulletin Series

No abstract provided.

Likelihood Of Drought Years In South-Western Australia : How Often Can Droughts Such As That Of 1969 Be Expected In Western Australia's Farming Areas?, Eugene Adsil Fitzpatrick

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

Because of the serious consequences of drought to individual farmers and to Western Australia's economy, it is worth making an early appraisal of the 1969 rainfall conditions that led to the State's most recent drought in an attempt to estimate how often such seasons might be expected in the agricultural areas.

Water Management Research In Arid And Sub-Humid Lands Of The Less Developed Countries: Second Annual Progress Report, Utah Water Research Laboratory

Reports

No abstract provided.

Subcritical Flow At Open Channel Structures Bridge Constructions, Gaylord V. Skogerboe, Lloyd H. Austin, Kuan-Tao Chang

Reports

The techniques previously employed by the writers for describing subcritical flow at open channel constrictions have been found valid for analyzing nonuniform flow in open channels. Combining the nonuniform flow analysis with the submerged flow ratings for various bridge geometrics has provided an analytical means for determining the backwater due to the bridge constrictions under “abnormal stage – discharge” conditions.

Computer Simulation Of The Hydrologic-Salinity Flow System Within The Upper Colorado River Basin, M. Leon Hyatt, J. Paul Riley, M. Lynn Mckee, Eugene K. Israelsen

Reports

Changes in the hydrologic equilibrium of a river basin resulting from resource development also produce changes in the quality pattern. Since the burden of quality maintenance must be shared by users (just as are quantities) predictions are needed for quality changes which might result from contemplated development at any specified location within the river system. This study reports the development of a computer simulation model of the water and salt flow systems within the Upper Colorado River basin. Because of the close relationship between the hydrologic and salinity flow systems, an understanding of the hydrologic system is essential to successful …

A Hydrologic Model Of The Bear River Basin, Robert W. Hill, Eugene K. Israelsen, A. Leon Huber, J. Paul Riley

Reports

As demands upon available water supplies increase, there is an accompanying increase in the need to assess downstream consequences resulting from changes at specific locations within a hydrologic system. The problem is approached in this study by hybrid computer simulation of the hydrologic system. Modeling concepts are based upon the development of basic relationships which describe the various hydrologic processes. Within a system these relationships are linked by the continuity-of-mass priciple which requires a hydrologic balance at all points. Spatial resolution is achieved by considering the modeled areas as a series of subbasins. The time increment adopted for the model …

A Thermodynamic Analysis Of A Primary Waste Stabilization Pond, David W. Hendricks

Reports

Traditional design practice for waste stabilization ponds is based upon the premise that sufficient photosynthetic oxygen must be produced within the pond to satisfy oxygen requirements of the incoming waste flow. Thus, because algae production is proportional to pond surface area, surface organic loading rate is a principal design criterion (hydraulic detention time is the other) . That a possible adverse energy trade exists in the sequence of coupled reactions (aerobic waste degradation-photosynthesis) has been largely ignored. This work is focused on quantitatively articulating this energy trade, in terms of algae produced vis a vis waste degraded. This is done …

Systems Analysis Of Hydrologic Problems, J. Paul Riley, Diana Averett

Reports

Introduction: Increasing national and international interest in water resources in recent years has stimulated much new activity and progress in hydrology. It is now generally recognized that the science of hydrology is basic to an understanding of water resources problems and to planning for water resources development. Accompanying this demand upon the science of hydrology is an urgent need for improved education at the university level. In resopnse to this need for improved education, the First International Seminar for Hydrology Professors was held at Urbana, Illinois, in July 1969. The Second International Seminar was held at Logan, Utah, during August …

Computer Simulation Of Water Resource Systems At Utah State University, J. Paul Riley

Reports

Introduction: The problems of managing water-resource systems are basically those of decision making based upon a consideration of the physical, economic, and sociological processes involved. These processes are strongly interrelated and constitute a dynamic and continuous system. Any combination of these interrelated and numerous system variables yields a management solution. At Utah State University the problem of investigating system response to various possible management alternatives is being approached by hybrid computer simulation. The concept of simulation is fundamentally simple. Basically, it is a technique of analysis whereby a model is developed for investigating the behavior or performance of a dynamic …

Attitudes For Environmental Planning In The 1970'S, Dean F. Peterson

Reports

No abstract provided.

Progress Report On Studies Of Hydraulic Geometry Of Large Bed Element Streams, Dean F. Peterson

Reports

This study developed a general method for estimating runoff rates and associated confidence limits of a given recurrence interval for ungaged small urban watersheds. The utility of the method developed was demonstrated through its application to a southeast region of Texas. Some 200 historical rainfall-runoff events from 40 watersheds in the Houston, Austin, Dallas, and Fort Worth urban areas were analyzed. Watershed data such as drainage area, percent of urbanized area channel length, average channel slope, land slope, and soil type are documented. Total rainfall amounts, intensities, durations, and mass-time distributions were determined for each storm and used to develop …

Statistical Relationships Between Storm And Urban Watershed Characteristics, V. V. Dhruva Narayana, M. Akbar Sial, J. Paul Riley, Eugene K. Israelsen

Reports

Because of the rapid urban development in recent years, hydrologic problems associated with urban watersheds have gained importance. Large sums of money are being spent for the design of urban drainage systems based upon inadequate procedures for predicting peak runoff rates. In this report a procedure is proposed for predicting peak runoff rates from small urban and rural watersheds based upon measurable storm and watersheds characteristics. The technique was tested for a number of runoff events on the Boneyard Creek watershed at Urbana, Illinois, and the results of this test are included. The procedure will be particularly useful for estimating …

Optimizing Conjunctive Use Of Groundwater And Surface Water, James H. Milligan, Calvin G. Clyde

Reports

Mathematical models for groundwater and surface-water systems are formulated and solved on a digital computer using linear programming for optimizing the water use of the system. Post-optimal analysis, including sensitivity analysis of the objective function coefficients and right-hand side terms, is also applied to the models. The models which are developed include a general deterministic model, a general stochastic model in which hydrologic inputs are allowed to be probabilistic, and models of two simple, but real, river basins. The advantages of linear programming analysis are demonstrated by the computer solutions which can be obtained by this method of optimization. The …

Publications Of The Utah Water Research Laboratory, Utah Water Research Laboratory

Reports

No abstract provided.

Subcritical Flow At Open Channel Structures Open Channel Expansions, Lloyd H. Austin, Gaylord V. Skogerboe, Ray S. Bennett

Reports

Analyzing the hydraulics of open channel constrictions has been modified to allow the analysis of energy loss in open channel expansions. The modified technique has been compared with previous methods of analysis using data collected in the laboratory on open channel expansions with vertical walls, and triangular-shaped baffles. Also, a design procedure for such baffled outlet structures has been developed.

The Function Of Social Behavior In Water Resource Development , Wade H. Andrews, Dennis C. Geertsen

Reports

Preface: This report is an analysis of a social survey of the middle and lower Bear River Basin of southeastern Idaho and northern Utah concerning the problem of water resource development in a semiarid region of the Western United States. The survey part of the study, carried out in the summer of 1966, dealt with both general social factors and a specific proposal made by the Bureau of Reclamation for developing water resources of the Bear River. In many respects this proposal and the resulting behavior is typical of other western river basin projects, in some other ways, however, it …