Digital Commons Network^™

Water Demand At Recreation Developments, Simon Lam, Trevor C. Hughes

Reports

Design criteria for drinking water systems at recreation developments, particularly summer home type, cause frequent confrontations with regulatory agencies. Developers claim extremely low water use rates due to low occupancy rates, but regulatory agencies are concerned about changes over time from essentially weekend use to more permanent residency and also about occasional peak day water demands similar to those of municipal systems. Little empirical data have been available to resolve such questions. This study included the gathering and analysis of both historic water use measurements and additional daily and instantaneous measurements during peak seasons at 11 Utah and one Wyoming …

Groundwater Heat Pump Equipment Selection Procedures For Architects, Designers, And Contractors, Calvin G. Clyde, Edward W. Vendell, Kirk D. Hagen

Reports

Engineers at the Utah Water Research Laboratory and the Mechanical Engineering Department at Utah State University have investigated the use of groundwater heat pumps for residential space heating and cooling in the Utah climate. They have found that this type of system conserves energy and may cost less for Utah home owners to operate than many conventional heating and cooling systems. Since the use of groundwater heat pumps will probably become more widespread in the near future, building and heating contractors should become more informed about what a groundwater heat pump is and how it works. The purpse of this …

Utah Surface Impoundment Assessment Report, Mary L. Cleave, V. Dean Adams, Donald B. Porcella

Reports

Executive Summary: The Surface Impoundment Assessment process presented an organized consistent systme for evaluating potential threats to groundwater resources from surface impoundments of wastes. This assessment established a data base which locates wastes surface impoundments in Utah and assesses the majority of these impoundments with this prescribed system (Appendix F). This data base may be used to identify surface impoundments in Utah which may create problems with regard to groundwater contamination. Data Summary: The potential hazards of the surface impoundments assessed to groundwater is based on two values established during the assessment procedure. These values are identified as the pollution …

Use Of Extreme Value Theory In Estimating Flood Peaks From Mixed Populations, Ronand V. Canfield, D. R. Olsen, R. H. Hawkins, T. L. Chen

Reports

The flood magnitude for a given frequency or return period is estimated by fitting a probability distribution to the historical annual flood series. The log-Pearson type III distribution has been selected by the Water Resources Council for general use by the federal government, but practitioners should examine an annual flood series and use alternative distributions where they will produce better estimates. Empirical goodness of fit is one criterion for choosing a distribution, but the reasonableness of the assumptions theoretically associated with the form of the distribution should also be considered. In theory, extreme-value distributions are particularly applicable to flow series …

Design Of A Cost Effective Solar Powered Water Pump, Duane G. Chadwick

Reports

The design and performance of a vacuum lift, solar powered water pump is discussed. The basic design consists of an expanding gaseous piston confined inside a chamber which is located in series with, and between an inlet and an outlet check value. The gas is generated by volatilizing cyclopentane or hexane. Four variations of this basic design concept were built and evaluated. The various features of each are discussed. Considerations in the choice of a cost-effective solar collector are also reviewed. Several of the more promising types of solar collectors were built and evaluated for use on the pump. A …

Vulnerability Of Water Supply Systems To Droughts, David S. Bowles, Trevor C. Hughes, W. Robert James, Donald T. Jensen, Frank W. Haws

Reports

This summary completion report describes the project work completed in three areas: 1) the development and preliminary testing of drought severity and vulnerability indices, 2) the impacts of Utah's 1977 drought, and 3) an operation comparison of stochastic streamflow models. The drought indices were evaluated for three municipal and three irrigation water supply systems in Utah. It was concluded that a continuous loss function to define the effects of water shortage would be more appropriate than the existing assumption that drought-related lossed occur suddenly at a certain degree of water shortage. Information on the impacts of Utah's 1977 drought was …

Feasibility Study Of Establishing A Water Rights Banking/Brokering Service In Utah, Jay M. Bagley, Kirk R. Kimball, Lee Kapaloski

Reports

Changes in water use patterns are an inevitable consequence of relentless social transformations taking place. Especially where waters have been fully appropriated, the needs of a dynamic society must be met through transfers in water ownership. Yet, there are a variety of factors that may operate as impediments to the shifting of water according to social preferences as expressed through water markets. As a mechanism for facilitating water transfers, exchagnes, or rentals, the concept of "water banking" and "water brokering" may be fruitful. This repot appraises the potential for initiating and operating such a service within the legal, institutional, and …

Some Historical Accounts Of The Natural Conditions In Tampa Bay And Hillsborough County, Michael Heerschap

Reports

As we might expect as we read on in the literature we find that as Tampa grows, then the animals and fish which were so abundant slowly disappear. An interesting feature of these accounts are the stores told of mass killings of animals and birds for no reason except for fun. Also included are some tales of our notorious insect life and thundershowers. This report is a collection of some of the more interesting quotes from various sources.

A Limnological Study Of 43 Selected Maine Lakes, Derrill J. Cowing, Matthew Scott

Maine Collection

A Limnological Study of 43 Selected Maine Lakes

by Derrill J. Cowing and Matthew Scott

U.S. Geological Survey : Water-Resources Investigations 80-69

Prepared in cooperation with the Maine Department of Environmental Protection

U.S. Geological Survey, 26 Ganneston Drive, August, Maine 04330

Summer And Fall Ecology Of Gray Patridge In Eastern South Dakota, Jerry W. Hupp

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Gray partridge (Perdix perdix) nesting biology, summer and fall habitat utilization, home range, and food habits were studied in Brookings County, South Dakota, during 1978-79. Data were collected on a 62 km² study area 16 km northeast of Brookings. Nesting habitats, success, and clutch size were determined from 44 randomly located nests. Most nests (91%) were in grassy roadsides and fencerows. Few birds nested in cover dominated by legume vegetation. Average clutch size of completed nests was 17.8 eggs and nest success was 37%. Mammalian predation was the major cause (50%) of nesting failure. Gray partridge habitat utilization was determined …

Zooplankton And Ichthyoplankton In A Power Plant Cooling Reservoir, Steven C. Johnson

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The species composition, abundance, seasonal cycles, distribution, and entrainment mortality of zooplankton and ichthyoplankton were studied in the Big Stone Power Plant cooling reservoir, South Dakota, from January 1979 to April 1980. Mean annual density and biomass of zooplankton for 1979 were 15.8 organisms/liter and 384.7 ug/liter respectively. Cyclopoid copepodites made up 43.0% of the mean annual number, Daphnia pulex, 15.8% and Chydorus sphearicus, 15.2%. Zooplankton density attained a spring maximum of 203.1/liter on 16 May and a fall maximum of 18.7/liter on 15 November. The species composition and density of zooplankton in water entrained by the power plant were …

Feeding Ecology Of Fishes In A South Dakota Power Plant Cooling Reservoir, Robert J. Krska, Jr.

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The food habits of bluegills (Lepomis macrochirus), black bullheads Ictalurus melas), and muskellunge (Esox masquinongv) in the Big Stone Power Plant cooling reservoir were studied from January through December 1979. The diet of 794 bluegills >50 mm TL was dominated by vegetation, planktonic crustaceans, dipteran larvae and pupae, and fishes: 214 bluegills < 50 mm TL fed primarily upon chironomid larvae and pupae and cladocerans. There was a significant difference (P50 mm. This was determined by Spearman rank correlation coefficients based upon percent number and percent volume of food items, and mean number of taxa per stomach. Both bluegill length-groups positively selected Chydorinae, ostracods, Caenis spp. larvae, chironomid pupae, and Physa spp., while they negatively selected cyclopoid copepods, Ceriodaphnia spp., and Tanypodinae larvae. Chironomid larvae were positively selected by bluegills mm, but were negatively selected by those >50 mm. Fishes and chironomid larvae were the major food items of 105 black bullheads >120 mm TL; fishes and filamentous algae were the dominant food items of 146 bullheads 5120 mm. Ostracods and dipteran pupae were positively selected, while Tanvpodinae and Chironominae larvae were negatively selected. Chydorinae, …

Helminths Of South Dakota Coyotes, Elizabeth C. Schitoskey

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

From September 1976 through January 1978, 343 coyotes (Canis latrans) carcasses were obtained for this study from South Dakota Department of Game, Fish and Parks trappers and from fur buyers. Coyotes were necropsied, internal organs were examined for helminth parasites, and parasites located were collected and identified. Nematodes found included Toxascaris leonine in 215 of 290 (74%), Toxocara canis in 1 of 290, Physaloptera rara in 160 of 290 (55%), Physaloptera preputialis in 1 of 290, Pterygondermatites cahirensis in 28 of 290 (10%), Ancylostoma caninum in 38 of 290 (13%), Uncinaria stenocephala in 1 of 290, Dermatoxys veligera in 1 …

Nesting Giant Canada Geese In Western South Dakota, Doyle M. Stiefel

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Giant Canada geese (Branta Canadensis maxima) began nesting on 27 March 1976 and 2 April 1977. Peak hatch occurred from 15 to 21 May 1976 and 22 to 28 May 1977 and the nesting season lasted 69 days in 1976 and 83 days in 1977. Average clutch size was 4.8 eggs per nest in 1976 and 5.0 in 1977. Thirty-three percent of all eggs observed in 1976 and 23% in 1977 failed to hatch. Infertility and desertion were the main reasons that eggs did not hatch. Seventy percent of the territorial pairs in 1976 and 41% in 1977 nested. Nesting …

Macroscopic Benthos Populations In A South Dakota Power Plant Cooling Reservoir, Gordon B. Sloane

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The standing crop, distribution, seasonal variation, and entrainment of benthos were studied at the Big Stone Power Plant cooling reservoir. Benthos samples were collected from January 1979 through March 1980 utilizing a stratified random sampling design in 3 areas related to the thermal discharge site and cooling water intake sites. Maximum surface and bottom water temperatures in the discharge area were 42.0 C and 33.5 C respectively. The intake area had a maximum surface and bottom temperature of 32.0 C and 30.0 C respectively. Reservoir temperatures ranged from 0.0 C to 42.0 C during the study. Dissolved oxygen ranged from …

The Removal Of Viruses From Water By Conventional Water-Treatment Practices, Janet S. Ziegle

Masters Theses

The purpose of this investigation was to determine the effectiveness of conventional water-treatment methods in removing viruses from raw water sources. Those processes studied included alum flocculation, rapid sand filtration of fleeced and unflocced water samples, and chlorine disinfection.

This study was approached using coliphage f2 as a seeded indicator of treatment efficiency. Coliphage f2 was chosen as an indicator because of its similarities to enteric viral pathogens in both morphology and sensitivity to water-treatment processes. Coliphage f2 was found to occur naturally in surface waters, but not in numbers sufficient to interfere with calculations.

A sand filter for laboratory …

Food Habits And Growth Of Rainbow Trout In A Prairie Pond, Ronald Marvin Koth

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) were introduced into Lower Abbey Pond, South Dakota, at a stocking rate of 772/ha in June 1977. Sampling was begun in January 1978 to determine food habits and growth of the fish. Trout and environmental samples were taken at 10 day or monthly intervals depending upon the season. A linear index of food selection was calculated and growth data was analyzed using the SHAD computer program. Food habits were determined for 159 rainbow trout collected from January 1978 to October 1978. Stomachs contained a total of 5,700 food organisms with major constituents by number being notonectids …

A Guide To The Threatened And Endangered Vascular Plants Of The Lake Mead National Recreation Area, James S. Holland, Wesley E. Niles, Charles L. Douglas, Dennis R. Schramm

Publications (WR)

This illustrated guide was prepared to provide the botanical community, land managers, and other interested persons with a reference that describes and locates the twelve plant taxa currently being considered by the Fish and Wildlife Service for threatened or endangered status in or around the Lake Mead National Recreation Area. The guide is intended to assist managers of government agencies in determining the presence of these species and in defining management programs for their protection. The guide should be consulted prior to any construction project. If a potential conflict is identified, an onsite evaluation should be conducted early in the …

Forage Fish Populations And Growth Of Muskellunge In A South Dakota Power Plant Cooling Reservoir, James R. Wahl

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The standing crop, age, growth, and impingement loss of forage fishes and the growth rate and impingement loss of muskellunge (Esox masquinongy) were studied to evaluate the use of the Big Stone Power Plant cooling reservoir as an area for rearing and holding muskellunge brood stock. There were 18 species of forage fish present in the reservoir. Sampling indicated that there were 4 major forage fish species. Bluegills (Lepomis macrochirus) made up 68.3% of these species; tadpole madtoms (Noturus gyrinus), 25.8%; orangespotted sunfish (L.humilis), 3.6%; and black bullheads (Ictalurus melas), 2.3%. The estimated total standing crop of the 4 forage …

The Pronghorn Antelope

Nebraska Game and Parks Commission: Publications

Fossilized remains on the North American continent are reminders that the pronghorn antelope (Antilocapra americana) roamed the land in present-day forms as early as the Age of Mammals, over one million years ago. Evolutionary changes may have taken 20 million years to develop the pronghorn as we know it today. Surviving the rigors of this violent young continent, the ancestral pronghorn antelope thrived and evolved into an alert, fleet-footed ungulate which roamed the large expanse of brush, grassland and cactus of the plains area.

The Wild Turkey In Nebraska

Nebraska Game and Parks Commission: Publications

Fossilized remains indicate that prehistoric turkeys roamed the eastern and southwestern United States. Five different prehistoric turkeys have been described that lived during the Pleistocene period some 15,000 to 50,000 years ago.

While early man, the paleo-Indians, preyed primarily upon larger animals for food and fiber, birds were also preyed upon, as evidenced by artifacts of later man. The wild turkey is believed to have played important roles in the cultures of pre-Columbian Indians, especially in Mexico and the southwestern United States. Historical records and archeological findings indicate that extensive domestication of the wild turkey existed throughout the southwestern United …

Nebraska Trapping, George Schildman, Frank Andelt, Jim Brunner

Nebraska Game and Parks Commission: Publications

Fur bearers and trapping played an important role in the exploration and development of Nebraska. The harvest of our fur-bearer resource is part of every Nebraskan's heritage. Wise use of the resource and consideration for other people's property and personal rights can insure that trapping will remain a part of the heritage of future generations. The purpose of this publication is to help insure this heritage ... through the educational process. Knowledge of and respect for the resource, as well as consideration for other people, are the keys to perpetuating trapping as an outdoor activity. While primarily designed to assist …

Water Current, Volume 12, No. 1, January/February 1980

Water Current Newsletter

Annual Report, Nebraska Water Resources Center
Water Planner Hired
Water Resources Seminar Schedule Change
Second Water Data Conference
Engineering Short Course at UNL
New Edition of Publication No. 7
Nation-Wide Conservation Program
Unified National Program for Floodplain Management
NSF Research Program in Appropriate Technology
Research Review: The Biological Regulation of Bloom-Causing Blue-Green Algae: A Feasible Alternative

Acid Rains: Implications For Agriculture, Prabhu D. Rawate

Journal of the Minnesota Academy of Science

No abstract provided.

Federal Protection Of Unique Environmental Interests: Endangered And Threatened Species, Ronald H. Rosenberg

Faculty Publications

Endangered species protection has long been favored by many Americans, who watched regretfully as the numbers of American eagles, buffaloes and other species dwindled toward extinction. Only recently, however, has species protection become a matter of public controversy, subsumed in the more general "development v. environment" debate. In this Article, Professor Rosenberg surveys the federal government's role in species protection, with a special focus on the Endangered Species Act of 1973. Prompted by the much-publicized Supreme Court decision in the "snail darter case"--TVA v. Hill-Congress extensively amended the Act in 1978. After a detailed analysis of these amendments, Professor Rosenberg …

The Ferc's Purpa Cogeneration Rules: Economics, Rate Design, And Policy Aspects, Charles David Laderoute

UMR-MEC Conference on Energy / UMR-DNR Conference on Energy

Nearly two years have passed since the United States Congress enacted and the President signed into law the so-called National Energy Act which was actually comprised of five separate acts:

(1) Public Utility Regulatory Policies Act (PURPA)
(2) Powerplant and Industrial Fuel Use Act (FUA)
(3) Natural Gas Policy Act (NGPA)
(4) Energy Tax Act (ETA)
(5) National Energy Conservation Policy Act (NECPA)

Title II of PURPA addresses, inter alia, the issue of cogeneration: a technology that in recent years has received increasing attention as a method of utilizing our energy sources more efficiently. The first four of the above …

Use Of Saline Water In Energy Development, C. Earl Israelsen, V. Dean Adams, J. Clair Batty, Dennis B. George

Reports

Maps were made of the Upper Colorado River Basin showing locations of coal deposits, oil and gas, oil shale, uranium, and tar sand, in relationship to cities and towns in the area. Superimposed on these are locations of wells showing four ranges of water quality; 1,000-3,000 mg/l, 3,000-10,000 mg/l, 10,000-35,000 mg/l, and over 35,000 mg/l. Information was assembled relative to future energy-related projects in the upper basin, and estimates were made of their anticipated water needs. Using computer models, various options were tested for using saline water for coal-fired power plant cooling. Both cooling towers and brine evaporation ponds were …

The Effect Of Dissolution Of Volcanic Glass On The Water Chemistry In A Tuffaceous Aquifer, Rainier Mesa, Nevada, Art F. White, Hans C. Claassen, Larry Benson

United States Geological Survey: Staff Publications

Geochemistry of ground water associated with the Tertiary tuffs within Rainier Mesa, southern Nevada, was investigated to determine the relative importance of glass dissolution in controlling water chemistry. Water samples were obtained both from interstitial pores in core sections and from free-flowing fractures. Cation compositions showed that calcium and magnesium decreased as a function of depth in the mesa, as sodium increased. The maximum effect occurs within alteration zones containing clinoptilolite and montmorillonite, suggesting these minerals effectively remove bivalent cations from the system.

Comparisons are made between compositions of ground waters found within Rainier Mesa that apparently have not reacted …

The Economics And Adaptation Of Microwave Heating & Cooling, Tom Day

UMR-MEC Conference on Energy / UMR-DNR Conference on Energy

From cooking potatoes to medical surgery, the microwave is causing an interesting and beneficial transition in our daily lives. High technology is producing an avalanche of microwave appliances and equipment which offer favorable results in energy conservation with impressive safety parameters at competitive costs. This paper examines the basis for the comparative economic benefit from microwave applications and sights several commercial and industrial avenues of conservation metit.

Program Planning For Extension Wildlife Damage Control: Rodents, Edward K. Boggess

Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop Proceedings

Program planning is a necessary part of any educational program which is intended to progress in an orderly or logical manner. However, it must be realized that extension wildlife specialists often must deal with special sets of circumstances when it comes to resolving problems with wildlife. When faced with a particular damage problem, the wildlife specialist has two options: to act or to react. The choice of which course to take depends on the specific problem and on a number of related factors, such as uniqueness and severity of the problem and community attitudes.