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Frost Injury To Wheat, S P. Loss

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

Frost injury has not been a major concern to the Western Australian wheat industry despite causing spectacular but irregular crop losses on some farms.

The development of suitable herbicides, direct drilling technology and the adoption of early flowering varieties in the late 1970s and early 1980s led to wheat crops being sown and flowering earlier than previously. This resulted in an increase in the incidence of frost damage.

Research into frost indicates that most wheat producers face low to moderate risks of yield loss caused by frost. However, individual farms in particular years can suffer devestating widespread losses. Grost injury …

Surface Sediments And Their Relationship To Water Quality In Hillsborough Bay, A Highly Impacted Subdivision Of Tampa Bay, Florida, J.O.R. Johansson, A.P. Squires

Reports

This paper will summarize the composition of surface sediment and sediment oxygen demand rated in Hillsborough Bay. Also, a first attempt is made to relate the nutrients released from these sediments to the phytoplankton, the dominant primary producers of the bay.

Neue Literatur (Page 42), Martin-Luther-Universität

Erforschung biologischer Ressourcen der Mongolei / Exploration into the Biological Resources of Mongolia, ISSN 0440-1298

Neue literatur listed on page 42 of Erforschung biologischer Ressourcen der Mongolischen Volsrepublik, Band 6 (1985/1986).

In der Zeitschrift Polish Ecological Studies, Vol. 8, No 1-2 (1982) erschienen folgende Beiträge.

In der Zeitschrift "Acta Facultatis Rerum Naturalium Universitatis Comenianae" Zoologia Nr. 28 (1985), Bratislava, erschienen folgende Beiträge.

A Characterization Of Tampa Bay Sediments, L J. Doyle, G. R. Brooks, K. A. Fanning, E. S. Van Vleet, R. H. Byrne, N. J. Blake

Reports

This initial phase of the project involves assessing the present state of knowledge of sediments in Tampa Bay and the identification of data gaps, or areas where more detailed information is required to achieve project objectives. The literature search produced 273 data sources that from their abstracts in the data base are applicable to the project (Appendix I). Data sources were reviewed by experts in the fields of sedimentology, nutrient chemistry, organic geochemistry, trace metal and radionuclide geochemistry, and benthic biology who then contributed the following summary sections.

13.2.4. Avian Botulism: Geographic Expansion Of A Historic Disease, Louis N. Locke, Milton N. Friend

Waterfowl Management Handbook

Avian botulism is a paralytic, often fatal disease of birds resulting from ingestion of toxin produced by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum. Waterfowl die-offs from the botulism are usually caused by type C toxin; sporadic die-offs among fish-eating birds, such as common loons (Gavia immer) and gulls, have been caused by type E toxin.

Not enough is known about avian botulism to precisely identify the factors leading to an outbreak. When an outbreak does occur, it is usually perpetuated by a well-understood bird-maggot cycle (Figure 1).

13.4.11. Control Of Purple Loosestrife, Daniel Q. Thompson

Waterfowl Management Handbook

Purple loosestrife is an herbaceous perennial weed that is native to Eurasia and probably arrived in eastern North America with early maritime traffic. The spread of this alien by 1900 (Fig. 1) was closely associated with canal and waterway traffic. By 1985 (Fig. 2), this aggressive weed had spread into all of the contiguous States north of the 35th parallel except Montana; similarly, all of the southern provinces of Canada had been invaded. In the last 20 years, loosestrife has become well established in reclamation projects and riparian wetlands in the West and Northwest. It has also invaded estuarine marshes …

Human Impacts To Minnesota Wetlands, Carol A. Johnston

Journal of the Minnesota Academy of Science

ABSTRACT-Minnesota's 3.6 million ha of wetlands have been impacted by a variety of human activities, including agricultural drainage, urbanization, water control, and nonpoint source pollution. More than half of Minnesota's wetlands have been destroyed since the first European settlers arrived, an average loss of about 35,600 ha/yr. Drainage for agriculture is the major cause of wetland loss in Minnesota, particularly in southern Minnesota and the Red River Valley. In addition to impacting wetlands directly, wetland drainage affects downstream areas by increasing flood flows, and releasing sediment and nutrients. Urban development and highway construction affect a smaller proportion of Minnesota's wetlands, …

Rottnest Island : A Reference List, Jennifer Browne

Research outputs pre 2011

No abstract provided.

The Effect Of Preozonation On The Anaerobic Biodegradability Of Resistant Phenolic Compounds, Yi-Tin Wang, Pin-Chieh Pai, James L. Latchew

KWRRI Research Reports

Ozone pretreatment studies of four model phenolic compounds were conducted to evaluate the effects of ozonation on the anaerobic biodegradability and toxicity of these compounds. Two types of batch studies, the Biochemical Methane Potential (BMP) and the Anaerobic Toxicity Assay (ATA), were performed on samples ozonated upon phenol, o-cresol, 2,5-dichlorophenol, and 2,4-dinitrophenol.

Experimental results showed that toxic and refractory phenolic compounds were converted to methane gas by means of preozonation. In general, the biodegradable fraction of the oxidation products increased as the ozone dose was increased. However, ozonation to achieve at least 60% COD reduction was necessary to faciliate methane …

Miscellaneous Production 23/87 - Animal Production In The Spinifex And Shrubland Regions Of Western Australia, D. Burnside

Animal production and livestock published reports

The role of the Rangeland Management Branch is to promote the sustained economic use of the rangeland resource. It provides research and extension services to the pastoral industry, provides advice on the condition of the range resource to Government and provides technical information on rangelands to other rangeland managers. A principal objective to be met in fulfilling that role is the development and promotion of economically efficient place systems that conserve the rangeland resource. At the inaugural Pastoral Soil Conservation Districts Conference in Meekatharra in May 1987, pastoralist delegates emphasized the importance of achieving that objective within the various soil …

A Model Of Energy Expenditure In White-Tailed Jackrabbits (Lepus Townsendii) Based On Integrated Studies Of Energetics And Field Ecology, Gordon L. Rogowitz

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Field and laboratory studies were conducted to develop a model of energy expenditure in a population of white-tailed jackrabbits (Lepus townsendii). Field work in southwestern Wyoming during 1985-87 showed that the breeding season commenced at snowmelt and ceased during late- July drought. Adult females reproduced relatively synchronously and produced a mean of three litters annually. Greatest fetal production occurred in the second litter period. Collections indicated a 1:1 sex ratio, few jackrabbits >2 years-old, and a density of 7 animals / km² in the population. Postnatal growth was sigmoidal, culminating in heavier adult females than males. Using …

Prolonged Seed Handling Time Deters Red-Winged Blackbirds Feeding On Rice Seed, Dennis Daneke, David G. Decker

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 13th (1988)

Theoretical concepts from foraging ecology were studied to identify elements of blackbird foraging strategies that may be manipulated to deter blackbirds feeding on rice. Seed-handling time was identified as one such vulnerable element. Consequently, we developed seed coatings for rice that increased handling time per seed, allowed a satisfactory germination rate, and persisted for several days postplanting. Test coats included hydrophilic binders with several starches, clays, plaster of paris and chemical grout in various combinations. Consistent repellency was achieved in feeding trials with captive red-winged blackbirds.

Characteristics Of Bird-Resistance In Agricultural Crops , Roger W. Bullard

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 13th (1988)

The use of biochemical or morphological genetic traits in a crop to protect ripening seeds or grain from bird damage remains a promising tool under certain situations. Research on bird-resistance in crops has focused on grain sorghum, corn, sunflower and rice. This crop protection method involves feeding behavior of granivorous birds and its effectiveness depends on the availability of preferred alternate foods. That is, bird-resistant traits provide protection to the crop when other food choices are readily available; however, when alternate food is scarce or high bird populations create serious feeding competition, they are less effective. Several practical factors (i.e., …

An Inventory And Condition Survey Of Rangelands In The Ashburton River Catchment, Western Australia, A A. Mitchell, A L. Payne, W F. Holman

Technical Bulletins

The inventory and condition survey of rangelands in the Ashburton River catchment, undertaken by the Department of Agriculture and Food, Western Australia (DAFWA) between 1976 and 1978, describes and maps the natural resources of the region’s pastoral leasehold land. This survey report provides a baseline record of the existence and condition of the natural area’s resources, to assist with the planning and implementation of land management practices. The report identified and described the condition of soils, landforms, vegetation, habitat, ecosystems, and declared plants and animals. It also assessed the impact of pastoralism and made land management recommendations. The area surveyed …

13.3.2. Initial Considerations For Sampling Wetland Invertebrates, Leigh H. Fredrickson, Frederic A. Reid

Waterfowl Management Handbook

As the importance of invertebrates to waterbird nutrition and detrital processing has become increasingly evident, the need for effective and efficient invertebrate sampling has grown. Identification of invertebrate responses to management requires sampling and selection of appropriate sampling equipment. Goals must be established according to qualitative or quantitative needs, organism characteristics, and wetland types. Management objectives often can be met by sampling specific invertebrates to index the effect of management rather than through long-term studies requiring large sample sizes and intensive effort. Certain wetland and invertebrate characteristics that should be considered when initiating invertebrate sampling are described below.

13.4.1. Considerations Of Community Characteristics For Sampling Vegetation, Leigh H. Fredrickson, Frederic A. Reid

Waterfowl Management Handbook

Wetland managers often monitor marsh vegetation to determine if management goals have been met and expenditures justified. Vegetation can be monitored using indices that identify plant composition, trends in vegetative changes, or rough estimates of food production. Development of vegetation sampling protocol requires careful assessment of management goals in relation to benefits received from sampling efforts. Assessing the results of manipulations has direct management implications, whereas detailed studies that emphasize plant life histories or basic ecological investigations have less direct value. Information on plant community characteristics that will enable managers to match sampling techniques with refuge needs and the constraints …

13.4.10. Control Of Willow And Cottonwood Seedlings In Herbaceous Wetlands, Leigh H. Fredrickson, Frederic A. Reid

Waterfowl Management Handbook

Willow and cottonwood are common species in forested wetlands and occur throughout most riparian and floodplain habitats of North America. These woody species are especially common in early successional stands where seasonal flooding occurs regularly. Cottonwood and willow are often considered problem plants, because they rapidly invade wetlands dominated by herbaceous flora and can form dense, extensive stands. The shade created by these species eliminates herbaceous undergrowth, and once the sapling stage is reached, cottonwoods and willows are difficult to eradicate. Control of these species can be costly and varies considerably with latitude.

Production From The Management Of Burr Medic Pastures, C W. Thorn

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

No abstract provided.

The Probe, Issue 79 - January 1988

The Probe: Newsletter of the National Animal Damage Control Association

THE PROBE
National Animal Damage Control Association
JANUARY 1988
Animal Traps – Kinder Than Nature
The Pesticide Pipeline
APHIS Activity Report
Letters to Ye Ed
The Fur Industry

13.2.1. Waterfowl Use Of Wetland Complexes, Leigh H. Fredrickson, Frederic A. Reid

Waterfowl Management Handbook

Waterfowl are a diverse group of birds that have widely divergent requirements for survival and recruitment. Whistling-ducks, geese, and swans (Anserinae) and ducks (Anatinae) have contrasting life history requirements.

Several goose populations have expanded greatly despite extensive continental wetland losses and degradation. Most expanding populations nest in arctic areas where modifications or disturbance of nesting habitats have been minimal. These grazers often find suitable migratory and wintering habitats in terrestrial or agricultural environments. In contrast, ducks are less terrestrial and populations are influenced more by wetland characteristics, such as quality, total area of wetland basins, and size and configuration of …

13.3.1. Invertebrate Response To Wetland Management, Leigh H. Fredrickson

Waterfowl Management Handbook

By gaining greater understanding and appreciation of wetland environments, managers have developed creative insights for waterfowl conservation. Among the most exciting new developments in the understanding of functional wetlands has been the recognition of the important roles of invertebrates in aquatic ecosystems. These roles include trophic linkage from primary production to secondary consumers such as waterfowl, packaging of specific nutritional components such as amino acids and micronutrients for vertebrate predators, and detrital processing of wetland organic material. Although specific invertebrate responses to various management techniques are not always predictable and may differ among invertebrate species, patterns related to water regimes, …

13.4.9. Preliminary Considerations For Manipulating Vegetation, Leigh H. Fredrickson, Frederic A. Reid

Waterfowl Management Handbook

A wide diversity of plants has adapted to the dynamic nature of wetlands. The continually changing floral landscape is shaped by physical or abiotic components that include climate, fire, soil, and water. Water quantity, quality, and chemistry have a dominating influence on wetlands as do factors such as hydroperiod (period when soils are saturated) and hydrological regime. Other factors that may affect the abundance, structure, and species composition of macrophytes or robust emergents are natural grazing, disease, and interspecific plant competition.

Vegetation is important to waterfowl for producing seeds, tubers, and browse; providing nest sites; and serving as substrates for …

13.1.1. Nutritional Values Of Waterfowl Foods, Leigh H. Fredrickson, Frederic A. Reid

Waterfowl Management Handbook

Over 40 species of North American waterfowl use wetland habitats throughout their annual cycles. Survival, reproduction, and growth are dependent on the availability of foods that meet nutritional requirements for recurring biological events. These requirements occur among a wide variety of environmental conditions that also influence nutritional demands. Recent work on nesting waterfowl has identified the female’s general nutrient needs for egg laying and incubation. Far less is known about nutritional requirements for molt and other portions of the life cycle, particularly those during the non-breeding season. Although information on specific requirements for amino acids and micronutrients of wild birds …

Complete Waterfowl Management Handbook

Waterfowl Management Handbook

The North American Waterfowl Management Plan, the Service's most recent mandate for management of migratory waterfowl, and recent legislation such as the Farm Bill all underscore the need for a single source of information about the management of waterfowl and their habitat. Much of this information exists in scientific papers, unpublished reports, or has never been recorded, and thus is not readily accessible by waterfowl managers. The need for a waterfowl management handbook was originally suggested to the Office of Information Transfer by personnel in the Service's north-central region. A prototype handbook was developed in 1987 and critiqued by 38 …

Electrophoretic, Morphometric, And Meristic Comparisons Of Walleye Broodstock In South Dakota, Chantel M. Waltner

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Electrophoretic and morphological variability among walleyes collected from three upper Missouri River tributaries and a glacial lake in South Dakota was investigated, and an upper Mississippi River stock was electrophoretically compared to the South Dakota stocks. Allele frequencies of two (MDH-3, GMP-3) of the twenty-one loci examined differed significantly (P<0. 05) between South Dakota and Mississippi River walleyes. Contingency chi-square tests of allele frequencies showed homogeneity among walleyes from the Missouri River tributaries, and significant (P<0.001) heterogeneity (P<0.001) at the GMP-3 locus between Missouri River and glacial lake stocks. A dendogram derived from Nei unbiased genetic identity values produced separate branchings for the South Dakota and Mississippi River walleyes. All four walleye stocks in South Dakota were morphologically variable, although no one character could be used as a diagnostic tool to separate the stocks visually. Discriminant function analysis of eight of the most powerful discriminatory characters was successful in correctly classifying walleyes by origin with 83-97% accuracy.

Forage Potential Of Seasonal Wetlands, Daniel Edward Hubbard

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Investigations on aspects of seasonal wetland forage potential were conducted in eastern South Dakota. The quantity and quality of the standing crop of vegetation in 6 seasonal wetland communities were assessed at the end of the growing season in 1983 and in 2 seasonal-wetland-dominated basins and their associated uplands (native mixed-grass prairie) over the growing season in 1985. Crude protein (CP), ash, detergent fiber, and in vitro digestible dry matter (IVDDM) values were measured on the above-ground material of whitetop [Scolochloas festucacea (Willd.) Link], slough sedge (Carex atherodes Spreng.), burred (Spargnaium eurycarpum Engelm.), and smartweed (Polygonum amphibium L. var. emersum …

Production Of Triploid Rainbow Trout For Evaluation In South Dakota Waters, Jeff C. Dillon

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

In September 1986, approximately 50,000 rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) eggs were fertilized and subjected to heat shocks to prevent expulsion of the second polar body, theoretically resulting in triploid embryos. Heat shocks were at 26 and 28°c, began 10, 20, 30, or 40 min after fertilization, and lasted for 10 or 20 min for a total of 16 treatments. Another 25,000 eggs served as controls and were handled identically but at a normal water temperature of 12°c. Cumulative hatching rates for eggs that were heat-shocked at 26 and 28° were 64 and 50%, respectively, compared to control eggs which had …

Looking At Lupins - Lupin Management In The South Eastern Wheatbelt, W. L. Smart, M. M. Ralph, J. M. Liddle, R.. D. Ramm, C. J. Robinson, E. W. Armstrong

Grain and other field crops research reports

In the past couple of years research into lupins has increased substantially particularly in the fields of weed control, seeding rates, and control of diseases such as brown leaf spot and pleiochaeta root rot. This report is a summary of the lupin trials in the Lake Grace advisory area as well as a guide to better lupin farming.

Lake Mead Prefertilization Study: Preliminary Nutrient Enhancement Studies In Lake Mead, Richard P. Axler, Larry J. Paulson, Patrick J. Sollberger, Donald H. Baepler, U.S. Bureau Of Reclamation

Publications (WR)

Studies conducted by the University of Nevada-Las Vegas (UNLV), the Nevada Department of Wildlife (NDOW), the Arizona Game and Fish Department (AGFD), The Nevada Division of Environmental Protection (NDEP), and the United States Bureau of Reclamation (USBR) have identified decreased algal production as a major factor involved in the decline of the Lake Mead sport fishery. Phosphorus-laden silt particles in the Colorado River have been sedimenting out in Lake Powell since the completion of Glen Canyon Dam 286 miles upstream in 1963. This sharp decrease in phosphorus loading to Lake Mead (>5000 tons per year) has resulted in decreased …

The Bird Strike Hazard (Bash) Program, Capt. Edgardo R. Farrraro, Capt. Russell P. Defusco

Eastern Wildlife Damage Control Conference: 3rd (1987)

The hazards birds pose to aircraft has been of concern to the Air Force for more than 20 years. After losing several aircraft due to bird strikes in the early 1960's, the Air Force formed a team to evaluate bird hazards to Air Force aircraft. The team, from the Air Force Weapons Laboratory (AFWL) at Kirtland AFB NM, handed over this mission to the Bird Aircraft Strike Hazard (BASH) Team at HQ Air Force Engineering and Services Center (AFESC) at Tyndall AFB in 1975. In 1986 (October) the BASH team moved to Boiling AFB, Washington DC.

The Air Force sustains …