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Exhibit 2 “Basement Iswp” 1232 E. Second St. Butte, Mt 59701 January 21, 2025 Database Residential Identifier: R-04389, Butte-Silver Bow Department Of Reclamation And Environmental Services Jan 2025

Exhibit 2 “Basement Iswp” 1232 E. Second St. Butte, Mt 59701 January 21, 2025 Database Residential Identifier: R-04389, Butte-Silver Bow Department Of Reclamation And Environmental Services

Silver Bow Creek/Butte Area Superfund Site

No abstract provided.


Expedition 395 Summary, R. E. Parnell-Turner, A. Briais, L. J. Levay, Y. Cui, A. Di Chiara, J. P. Dodd, T. Dunkley Jones, D. Dwyer, D. E. Eason, S. A. Friedman, S. R. Hemming, K. Hochmuth, H. Ibrahim, C. Jasper, B. T. Karatsolis, S. Lee, D. E. Leblanc, M. R. Lindsay, D. D. Mcnamara, S. E. Modestou, B. Murton, S. Oconnell, G. T. Pasquet, P. N. Pearson, S. P. Qian, Y. Rosenthal, S. Satolli, M. Sinnesael, T. Suzuki, T. Thulasi Doss, N. J. White, T. Wu Jan 2025

Expedition 395 Summary, R. E. Parnell-Turner, A. Briais, L. J. Levay, Y. Cui, A. Di Chiara, J. P. Dodd, T. Dunkley Jones, D. Dwyer, D. E. Eason, S. A. Friedman, S. R. Hemming, K. Hochmuth, H. Ibrahim, C. Jasper, B. T. Karatsolis, S. Lee, D. E. Leblanc, M. R. Lindsay, D. D. Mcnamara, S. E. Modestou, B. Murton, S. Oconnell, G. T. Pasquet, P. N. Pearson, S. P. Qian, Y. Rosenthal, S. Satolli, M. Sinnesael, T. Suzuki, T. Thulasi Doss, N. J. White, T. Wu

Department of Earth and Environmental Studies Faculty Scholarship and Creative Works

The intersection between the Mid-Atlantic Ridge and Iceland hotspot provides a natural laboratory where the composition and dynamics of Earth's upper mantle can be observed. Plume-ridge interaction drives variations in the melting regime, which result in a range of crustal types, including a series of V-shaped ridges (VSRs) and V-shaped troughs (VSTs) located south of Iceland. Mantle upwelling beneath Iceland dynamically supports regional bathymetry, and its variations may lead to changes in the height of oceanic gateways, which in turn control the flow of deep water on geologic timescales. Expeditions 384, 395C, and 395 recovered extensive successions of basaltic crust …


Water Quality Contributions Of Selected Buffalo River Headwaters In Searcy County, Arkansas, 2019–2023, Patrick Michael Dyer Jan 2025

Water Quality Contributions Of Selected Buffalo River Headwaters In Searcy County, Arkansas, 2019–2023, Patrick Michael Dyer

Student Theses and Dissertations

Regulated by the National Park Service since 1972, the Buffalo River faces nitrogen, phosphorous, sediment, and fecal coliform contamination. Research assessing tributary water quality began with collecting water samples weekly from November 2019 until January 2023 (n = 156) near Tyler Bend Campgrounds. Pairwise analysis measured minimal water quality change from upstream to downstream on four headwater creeks. Data revealed that Tomahawk Creek’s fecal coliform bacteria were elevated above background levels, frequently exceeding state standards. National Land Cover Dataset class data were extracted to index land use at different scales. Simple linear regression, stepwise multiple linear regression, and a random …


System Dynamics For Manufacturing: Supply Chain Simulation Of Hemp-Reinforced Polymer Composite Manufacturing For Sustainability, Gurinder Kaur, Ronald Kander Jan 2025

System Dynamics For Manufacturing: Supply Chain Simulation Of Hemp-Reinforced Polymer Composite Manufacturing For Sustainability, Gurinder Kaur, Ronald Kander

School of Design and Engineering Papers

Supply chain management (SCM) involves complexities and uncertainties in the flow of goods and services from raw materials to end users. Inaccurate estimation of raw materials, labor, or equipment can lead to financial losses and environmental impacts. This study explores the application of system dynamics modeling (SDM) in manufacturing hemp-reinforced polymer composites (HRPC) to optimize resource usage. Using SDM software STELLA® (Version 3.7.3), selected for its affordability and features, the research demonstrates how system dynamics (SD) can enhance sustainability by minimizing materials, labor, and equipment, reducing energy consumption. A literature review identified a gap in existing research, as we …


Landslide Susceptibility Assessment Of The Wanzhou District: Merging Landslide Susceptibility Modelling (Lsm) With Insar-Derived Ground Deformation Map, Chao Zhou, Lulu Gan, Ying Cao, Yue Wang, Samuele Segoni, Xuguo Shi, Mahdi Motagh, Ramesh P. Singh Jan 2025

Landslide Susceptibility Assessment Of The Wanzhou District: Merging Landslide Susceptibility Modelling (Lsm) With Insar-Derived Ground Deformation Map, Chao Zhou, Lulu Gan, Ying Cao, Yue Wang, Samuele Segoni, Xuguo Shi, Mahdi Motagh, Ramesh P. Singh

Mathematics, Physics, and Computer Science Faculty Articles and Research

The prevalent catalog-based Landslide Susceptibility Modelling (LSM) operates under the assumption that future landslide occurrences mirror past and current patterns. Due to growing urban expansion and climate change, certain landslides follow new patterns of occurrence, disrupting the foundational assumption of catalog-based LSM and leading to constraints in the effectiveness of traditional susceptibility maps. Here, to address this problem, we proposed a method to produce more accurate and dynamic landslide susceptibility maps by coupling advanced Ensemble Machine Learning (EML) and Multi-Temporal Interferometric SAR (MT-InSAR). The Wanzhou District in Three Gorges Reservoir area of China is considered as the test site. The …


A Bayesian Network For Business Uncertainties In Coal Mining Industry, Firman Risqul Fidry, Iwan Vanany, Jerry Dwi Trijoyo Purnomo Jan 2025

A Bayesian Network For Business Uncertainties In Coal Mining Industry, Firman Risqul Fidry, Iwan Vanany, Jerry Dwi Trijoyo Purnomo

Journal of Sustainable Mining

In recent years, business uncertainty in the coal mining industry has increased along with increasing global energy demand and carbon emission reduction policies. Not much research has been done on business uncertainty in the coal mining industry based on modelling. This study aimed to develop a model for business uncertainty in the coal mining industry using a Bayesian network approach. The Indonesian coal mining industry was utilized as a case study to develop the proposed model. Two dimensions and nine factors were identified and structured based on a literature review and rigorous interviews with three interviewees from three companies. Each …


Eco-Efficiency And Life Cycle Assessment Of The Long Reach Directionally Drilled And Cross-Measure Boreholes Methane Drainage Technologies Employed In Bituminous Coal Mine On The Basis Of The Pilot Scale Experimental Data, Bartłomiej Jura, Piotr Krawczyk, Anna Śliwińska, Jacek Skiba, Marcin Karbownik, Natalia Howaniec Jan 2025

Eco-Efficiency And Life Cycle Assessment Of The Long Reach Directionally Drilled And Cross-Measure Boreholes Methane Drainage Technologies Employed In Bituminous Coal Mine On The Basis Of The Pilot Scale Experimental Data, Bartłomiej Jura, Piotr Krawczyk, Anna Śliwińska, Jacek Skiba, Marcin Karbownik, Natalia Howaniec

Journal of Sustainable Mining

This paper presents the results of eco-efficiency and life cycle analysis conducted for two methane drainage technologies: cross-measure (CM) and long reach directionally drilled (LRDD) boreholes. In the analyses, data from coal mine methane drainage of two coal panels, I-C and II-C, located at the Staszic-Wujek coal mine in Poland, were used. The results of the life cycle and eco-efficiency assessments showed that employment of long reach directional drilling boreholes method has a lower environmental impact and is more eco-efficient, causing the lower environmental impact and lower construction and operating costs per cubic meter of methane extracted. The results of …


Acknowledgement Of Reviewers Jan 2025

Acknowledgement Of Reviewers

Journal of Sustainable Mining

No abstract provided.


Great Salt Lake Data And Insights Summary: A Synthesized Resource Document For The 2025 General Legislative Session, William Anderegg, Craig Buttars, Joel Ferry, Natalie Gochnour, Kim Shelley, Brian Steed, David G. Tarboton, Leila Ahmadi, Eric Albers, Blake Bingham, Paul D. Brooks, Tim Davis, Eric Dixon, Joanna Endter-Wada, Tage Flint, Candice Hasenyager, Timothy Hawkes, William Johnson, John Lin, John Mackey, Anna Mcentire, Bethany T. Neilson, Sarah Null, Kevin Perry, Ben Stireman, Courenay Strong, Laura Vernon, Marisa Weinberg, Matt Yost Jan 2025

Great Salt Lake Data And Insights Summary: A Synthesized Resource Document For The 2025 General Legislative Session, William Anderegg, Craig Buttars, Joel Ferry, Natalie Gochnour, Kim Shelley, Brian Steed, David G. Tarboton, Leila Ahmadi, Eric Albers, Blake Bingham, Paul D. Brooks, Tim Davis, Eric Dixon, Joanna Endter-Wada, Tage Flint, Candice Hasenyager, Timothy Hawkes, William Johnson, John Lin, John Mackey, Anna Mcentire, Bethany T. Neilson, Sarah Null, Kevin Perry, Ben Stireman, Courenay Strong, Laura Vernon, Marisa Weinberg, Matt Yost

Watershed Sciences Faculty Publications

In 2024, Great Salt Lake continued to rise from the record-low elevation reached in 2022, aided by two years of above-average precipitation and the adaptive management berm. Economic activity, public health, and the lake's ecosystems continue to be adversely impacted by low water levels. This summary synthesizes essential data and insights so decision-makers have the information they need to improve water management, increase water deliveries to the lake, mitigate adverse impacts, and recover the lake to a healthy range.


Re: Approval Letter For The Butte Priority Soils Operable Unit (Bpsou) Draft Residential Metals Abatement Program Investigation Summary Report (Non‐Residential Parcels – Indoor Dust) – Cccs Gym Annex (Dated October 4, 2024), Molly Roby Jan 2025

Re: Approval Letter For The Butte Priority Soils Operable Unit (Bpsou) Draft Residential Metals Abatement Program Investigation Summary Report (Non‐Residential Parcels – Indoor Dust) – Cccs Gym Annex (Dated October 4, 2024), Molly Roby

Silver Bow Creek/Butte Area Superfund Site

No abstract provided.


Butte Priority Soils Operable Unit (Bpsou) Final Bpsou Insufficiently Reclaimed Sites Belle Of Butte (Bres No. 8 & Ur-39) Remedial Action Work Plan (Rawp) Request For Change Ir- 2024-Ra-01, Mike Mcanulty Jan 2025

Butte Priority Soils Operable Unit (Bpsou) Final Bpsou Insufficiently Reclaimed Sites Belle Of Butte (Bres No. 8 & Ur-39) Remedial Action Work Plan (Rawp) Request For Change Ir- 2024-Ra-01, Mike Mcanulty

Silver Bow Creek/Butte Area Superfund Site

No abstract provided.


Exhibit 2 “Basement Iswp” 122 W. Daly St. Butte, Mt 59701 January 16, 2025 Database Residential Identifier: R-00845, Butte-Silver Bow Department Of Reclamation And Environmental Services Jan 2025

Exhibit 2 “Basement Iswp” 122 W. Daly St. Butte, Mt 59701 January 16, 2025 Database Residential Identifier: R-00845, Butte-Silver Bow Department Of Reclamation And Environmental Services

Silver Bow Creek/Butte Area Superfund Site

No abstract provided.


Nrdp Comments On Bp-Atlantic Richfield (Bp-Ar’S) Draft Materials Management Plan And Associated Documents At Butte Priority Soils Operable Unit Of The Silver Bow Creek/Butte Area Superfund Site, Jim Ford Jan 2025

Nrdp Comments On Bp-Atlantic Richfield (Bp-Ar’S) Draft Materials Management Plan And Associated Documents At Butte Priority Soils Operable Unit Of The Silver Bow Creek/Butte Area Superfund Site, Jim Ford

Silver Bow Creek/Butte Area Superfund Site

No abstract provided.


The Influence Of The Un Watercourses Convention On The Development Of A Policy Design In The Nile River Basin, Zienab Ali Abdelhady Jan 2025

The Influence Of The Un Watercourses Convention On The Development Of A Policy Design In The Nile River Basin, Zienab Ali Abdelhady

Theses and Dissertations

The adoption in 1997 of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Non-navigational Uses of International Watercourses (UN Watercourses Convention or UNWC) marked a milestone in the codification and progressive development of international water law. Similarly, the signature in 2010 by the majority of the Nile Basin states of the Nile River Basin Cooperative Framework Agreement (CFA) was a major step towards a permanent legal and institutional framework as well as a significant shift from the currently applicable legal regime in the basin. The research concludes that the principles enshrined in the UNWC can assist future regional treaty …


Coal Mining-Induced Composite Damage To Geological Bodies And Geological Guarantee Against Damage Reduction, Wang Shuangming, Sun Qiang, Hu Xin, Geng Jishi, Hou Enke, Wang Shengquan, Zhou Shutao, Shi Qingmin, Yuan Shihao, Chen Kai, Song Shijie Jan 2025

Coal Mining-Induced Composite Damage To Geological Bodies And Geological Guarantee Against Damage Reduction, Wang Shuangming, Sun Qiang, Hu Xin, Geng Jishi, Hou Enke, Wang Shengquan, Zhou Shutao, Shi Qingmin, Yuan Shihao, Chen Kai, Song Shijie

Coal Geology & Exploration

Objective and Background Coals have long served as a predominant energy source in China. With an increase in mining scale and intensity in recent years, the correlations between rocks, soils, hydrosphere, and ecological environment in coal mining areas have been strengthened. Given this, there is an urgent need to, from the perspective of Earth system science, understand the coupling relationships and chain characteristics among factors including the movement and deformations of surrounding rocks, rock bursts, coal and gas outbursts, water inrushes, ground subsidence, water and soil erosion, and damage to ecological environments, aiming to achieve safe, green coal mining. Methods …


Fracture-Seepage Characteristic Zones Of The Overburden Of Extra-Thick Coal Seams: Evolutionary Patterns And Their Engineering Applications, Kong Xiangguo, Zhao Tianshuo, Lin Haifei, Zhao Pengxiang, Wang Xu, Cai Yuchu, Ji Pengfei, He Di, Li Ke, Xu Chuanyu Jan 2025

Fracture-Seepage Characteristic Zones Of The Overburden Of Extra-Thick Coal Seams: Evolutionary Patterns And Their Engineering Applications, Kong Xiangguo, Zhao Tianshuo, Lin Haifei, Zhao Pengxiang, Wang Xu, Cai Yuchu, Ji Pengfei, He Di, Li Ke, Xu Chuanyu

Coal Geology & Exploration

Objective and Methods Given that the overburden’s structure significantly influences pressure relief gas extraction, this study aims to explore the gas migration patterns of the overburden of thick coal seams during coal seam mining. To this end, this study analyzed the evolutionary patterns of the fracture morphology and seepage capacity of the overburden using physical similarity simulation experiments. Accordingly, this study investigated the mechanisms behind the evolution of fracture-seepage characteristic zones of the overburden of extra-thick coal seams and proposed a method for identifying fracture-seepage characteristic zones of the overburden. Using this method, this study conducted gas extraction along the …


Experimental Study Of The Piezoelectricity Of Middle Pleistocene Loess In The Weibei Region, China, Jing Yanlin, Liu Jie, Liu Qingying, Duan Xiaoxiao, Xie Na, Yang Dengke Jan 2025

Experimental Study Of The Piezoelectricity Of Middle Pleistocene Loess In The Weibei Region, China, Jing Yanlin, Liu Jie, Liu Qingying, Duan Xiaoxiao, Xie Na, Yang Dengke

Coal Geology & Exploration

Objective Quartz, the piezoelectric material discovered the earliest, has found widespread applications in industry, military fields, and daily life due to its piezoelectricity. The widely distributed loess worldwide is composed primarily of quartz, accounting for 37.0% to 69.9%. However, there is a lack of studies on the piezoelectricity of loess both domestically and internationally. Methods This study investigated the ${\mathrm{Q}}_2^{{\mathrm{eol}}} $ loess from the Weibei Loess Tableland in Shaanxi Province as an example to explore the piezoelectricity of loess. The piezoelectric coefficient of the loess was measured, and its piezoelectric voltage under the action of static loading and vibration was …


Deformations And Seepage-Induced Erosion Of Fractured Rocks In Fault Under Confined Settings, Sun Wenbin, Tian Dianjin, Ma Cheng, Xue Yanchao, Yang Can, Zhu Kaipeng Jan 2025

Deformations And Seepage-Induced Erosion Of Fractured Rocks In Fault Under Confined Settings, Sun Wenbin, Tian Dianjin, Ma Cheng, Xue Yanchao, Yang Can, Zhu Kaipeng

Coal Geology & Exploration

Objective Most of the mining areas in China have entered the deep mining stage. In this case, the risks of mine water inrushes increase significantly due to the complex deep hydrogeological conditions, a significant increase in the number of hidden disaster-causing factors, and the existence of faults. Methods Using a deformation-seepage experiment system for fractured rocks, this study investigated the characteristics of compressive deformations and seepage-induced erosion of fractured rocks in faults. By analyzing the impacts of particle-size distribution combinations, saturation state, and seepage pressure, on the deformation-permeability characteristics of fractured rocks under confined axial compression, this study investigated the …


An Intelligent Lithology Identification Method For Sandstone And Mudstone Strata And Its Applications: A Case Study Of The Jurassic Strata In The Lunnan Area, Xinjiang, China, Cai Ming, Zhou Qingwen, Yang Cong, Chen Feng, Wu Dong, Lin Wang, Zhang Chengguang, Zhang Yuanjun, Miao Yuxin Jan 2025

An Intelligent Lithology Identification Method For Sandstone And Mudstone Strata And Its Applications: A Case Study Of The Jurassic Strata In The Lunnan Area, Xinjiang, China, Cai Ming, Zhou Qingwen, Yang Cong, Chen Feng, Wu Dong, Lin Wang, Zhang Chengguang, Zhang Yuanjun, Miao Yuxin

Coal Geology & Exploration

Objective Lithology identification lays the foundation for fine-scale reservoir evaluation. However, traditional identification methods generally utilize the interactive relationships between only 2‒3 logging parameters, suffering from low utilization rates of logging information and low identification accuracy for strata with small differences in logging responses. This seriously restricts the effects of old well reexamination. The efficient, intelligent CatBoost classification algorithm can fully mine the correlations between multi-source logging information and lithology. Methods This study investigated the Jurassic sandstone and mudstone reservoirs in the Lunnan area, Xinjiang, China. Using five logging parameters determined through sensitivity analysis, i.e., natural gamma-ray value, spontaneous potential, …


A Dehazing And Enhancement Algorithm For Heterogeneous Images Of Underground Mining Environments In Coal Mines, Zhang Xuhui, Xie Yanbin, Yang Wenjuan, Zhang Chao, Wan Jicheng, Dong Zheng, Wang Yanqun, Jiang Jie, Li Long Jan 2025

A Dehazing And Enhancement Algorithm For Heterogeneous Images Of Underground Mining Environments In Coal Mines, Zhang Xuhui, Xie Yanbin, Yang Wenjuan, Zhang Chao, Wan Jicheng, Dong Zheng, Wang Yanqun, Jiang Jie, Li Long

Coal Geology & Exploration

Objective In coal mines, the uneven distribution of dust haze and complex illumination conditions caused by underground coal mining and dust removal lead to blurred video images, as well as the loss of information and details. Hence, this study proposed a dehazing and enhancement algorithm for heterogeneous images of underground mining environments. Methods Initially, hazy images were segmented into zones with different brightness values, for which the average ambient light intensity of global dark channels was calculated. The calculation results were integrated through weighting with the ambient light of local bright channels, which was obtained using adaptive gamma correction and …


An Analytical Method For The Desorption Superposition Effect In Commingled Production Of Coalbed Methane And Its Application: A Case Study Of The Xiaotun Mine Field In Western Guizhou Province, China, Guo Chen, Ji Yan, Zhao Chenyi, Lu Lingling, Yu Xinhang, Gao Junzhe, Li Houqiang, Zhang Xuyang, Wang Xiang, He Hongbin, Zhang Runhan Jan 2025

An Analytical Method For The Desorption Superposition Effect In Commingled Production Of Coalbed Methane And Its Application: A Case Study Of The Xiaotun Mine Field In Western Guizhou Province, China, Guo Chen, Ji Yan, Zhao Chenyi, Lu Lingling, Yu Xinhang, Gao Junzhe, Li Houqiang, Zhang Xuyang, Wang Xiang, He Hongbin, Zhang Runhan

Coal Geology & Exploration

Objective The commingled production of coalbed methane (CBM) serves as a significant means to increase single-well production. However, production practices reveal that the commingled production of CBM exhibits complex and varied effects and controlling factors, facing technical challenges of identifying gas-producing contributions, predicting gas-producing potential, and optimizing pay interval combinations. The superposition of desorption for gas production among different coal seams determines whether high CBM production can be achieved using commingled production. Methods This study proposed an analytical method for the desorption superposition effect in the commingled production of CBM, involving determining desorption sequences, analyzing the superposition of desorption intervals …


Optical-Electrical-Acoustic Wave Multiparameter Response Characteristics Of Typical Rocks In Coal-Bearing Strata Throughout The Loading Process, Zhang Pingsong, Liu Chang Jan 2025

Optical-Electrical-Acoustic Wave Multiparameter Response Characteristics Of Typical Rocks In Coal-Bearing Strata Throughout The Loading Process, Zhang Pingsong, Liu Chang

Coal Geology & Exploration

Objective The deformations and rupture of rocks under loading will cause potential changes in parameters. Dynamic parameter capture assists in characterizing the generation, propagation, and closure processes of fractures, serving as a significant method for assessing rock quality. Methods Using a multiparameter test system, this study synchronously acquired strain measured using distributed optic fibers, electrode current, and compressional wave (P-wave) velocities of rock specimens under uniaxial loading. Accordingly, this study determined strength vs. parameter characteristic relationship graphs and parametric tomography results, finely describing the multiparameter spatiotemporal evolutionary characteristics of three typical rocks (i.e., sandstone, limestone, and mudstone) throughout the loading …


A U-Net-Based Denoising Method For Semi-Airborne Transient Electromagnetic Data And Its Application, Liu Dong, Feng Hao, Wang Yongxin, Zhou Xiaosheng, Yao Yuhong, Sun Huaifeng Jan 2025

A U-Net-Based Denoising Method For Semi-Airborne Transient Electromagnetic Data And Its Application, Liu Dong, Feng Hao, Wang Yongxin, Zhou Xiaosheng, Yao Yuhong, Sun Huaifeng

Coal Geology & Exploration

Objective and Methods The semi-airborne transient electromagnetic (SATEM) method, an efficient geophysical exploration technique, has been extensively applied to mineral resource exploration, groundwater surveys, and geothermal resource surveys. However, the collected data are frequently susceptible to noise interference, significantly affecting the accuracy of subsequent data processing and interpretation. To address issues such as residual noise and the loss of effective signals, enhance denoising effects, and reduce the influence of subjective factors, this study proposed a denoising method for SATEM data based on the U-Net deep learning architecture (also referred to as the U-Net-based method) by applying U-Net to SATEM data …


Wind And Topography Underlie Correlation Between Seasonal Snowpack, Mountain Glaciers, And Late-Summer Streamflow, Elijah N. Boardman, Andrew G. Fountain, Joseph W. Boardman, Thomas H. Painter, Evan W. Burgess, Laura Wilson, Adrian A. Harpold Jan 2025

Wind And Topography Underlie Correlation Between Seasonal Snowpack, Mountain Glaciers, And Late-Summer Streamflow, Elijah N. Boardman, Andrew G. Fountain, Joseph W. Boardman, Thomas H. Painter, Evan W. Burgess, Laura Wilson, Adrian A. Harpold

Geology Faculty Publications and Presentations

In a warming climate, net mass loss from perennial snow and ice (PSI) contributes a temporary source of unsustainable streamflow. However, the role of topography and wind in mediating the streamflow patterns of deglaciating watersheds is unknown. We conduct lidar surveys of seasonal snow and PSI elevation change for five adjacent watersheds in the Wind River Range, Wyoming (WRR). Between 2019 and 2023, net mass loss from PSI is equivalent to ~10-36% of August-September streamflow. Across 338 manually classified PSI features >0.01 km2, glaciers contribute 68% of the total mass loss, perennial snowfields contribute 8%, rock glaciers contribute 1%, buried …


China’S Cbm Exploration And Production And Associated Technological Advancements: A Review And Reflections, Ye Jianping Jan 2025

China’S Cbm Exploration And Production And Associated Technological Advancements: A Review And Reflections, Ye Jianping

Coal Geology & Exploration

Objective and Methods Based on extensive scientific and technical literature and technical data on coalbed methane (CBM) exploration and production projects, this study conducted a comparative analysis of the development process and latest advances in China’s critical technologies for CBM exploration and production and reviewed the CBM exploration and production history of this country over the past three decades. Accordingly, this study discussed the theoretical and technical challenges in CBM exploration and production and proposed future development directions. Advances The results indicate that the insights into conversion between adsorbed and free deep CBM prove to be a significant theoretical understanding. …


Critical Technologies And Geology-Engineering Integration Practices For Deep Cbm Production In The Yanchuannan Cbm Field, Chen Zhenlong, Wang Yunhai, Liu Xiao, Cui Bin, Yang Song, Li Xin, Fang Qilong Jan 2025

Critical Technologies And Geology-Engineering Integration Practices For Deep Cbm Production In The Yanchuannan Cbm Field, Chen Zhenlong, Wang Yunhai, Liu Xiao, Cui Bin, Yang Song, Li Xin, Fang Qilong

Coal Geology & Exploration

Objective and Methods This study introduces the adjustments for coalbed methane (CBM) production in the Yanchuannan CBM field‒the first deep CBM field in China. Deep CBM production in this CBM field faces challenges including strong heterogeneity of reservoirs, single arrangement mode of production well patterns, low applicability of conventional hydraulic fracturing, excessively long conventional production cycles, and a high proportion of inefficient wells. To address these challenges, a production capacity construction model for efficient deep CBM production of the field was developed through in-depth geology-engineering integration. Results and Conclusions The results indicate that the production capacity construction process of the …


Connotation, Research Status, And Development Directions Of Clean Coal Geology In China, Tang Yuegang, Wang Shaoqing, Wang Xiaoshuai, Guo Xin, Wang Yafeng, Xue Liping, Harold H. Schobert Jan 2025

Connotation, Research Status, And Development Directions Of Clean Coal Geology In China, Tang Yuegang, Wang Shaoqing, Wang Xiaoshuai, Guo Xin, Wang Yafeng, Xue Liping, Harold H. Schobert

Coal Geology & Exploration

Objective The exploration and assessment of low-carbon, zero-emission, and maximized utilization of coal resources, emerge as a focus of coal geology in the 21st century. [Research Advances] Based on the research content of coals and coal geology, along with the domestic and international development trends of clean coal technology (CCT), this study defines clean coal geology in the broad and narrow sense. Clean coal geology in the narrow sense focuses on the geological and geochemical issues related to efficiency enhancement and emission reduction in coal processing and utilization. In contrast, clean coal geology in the broad sense emphasizes …


Table Of Contents, The Editors Jan 2025

Table Of Contents, The Editors

Coal Geology & Exploration

No abstract provided.


A Deep Learning-Based Method For The Intelligent Identification Of The Quantity Of Coals Flushed Out During Borehole Hydraulic Flushing, Li Xiaojun, Zhao Mingyang, Li Miao Jan 2025

A Deep Learning-Based Method For The Intelligent Identification Of The Quantity Of Coals Flushed Out During Borehole Hydraulic Flushing, Li Xiaojun, Zhao Mingyang, Li Miao

Coal Geology & Exploration

Objective Given the inaccurate and low-efficiency manual statistics of the quantity of coals flushed out during borehole hydraulic flushing, this study proposed an intelligent identification method that combines YOLOv8n, ResNet34, and PP-OCRv4 algorithms. Methods First, the first-level detection was completed using the YOLOv8n algorithm, which, combined with the ResNet34 and PP-OCRv4 algorithms via parallel cascade, was then employed to conduct second-level processing. Through the above processing and in combination with the method for classification status discrimination based on tracking frame numbers, the framework of an algorithm for automatically calculating the quantity of coals flushed out was established. Subsequently, the deformable …


Advances And Trends Of Modern And Contemporary Research On The Geology Of Coal-Measure Minerals In China, Qin Yong Jan 2025

Advances And Trends Of Modern And Contemporary Research On The Geology Of Coal-Measure Minerals In China, Qin Yong

Coal Geology & Exploration

Background Coal-measure minerals (CMMs) play a significant role in ensuring the safe supply of mineral resources in China. Reviewing the advances and trends of research on the geology of CMMs in China holds great historical significance and practical value while potentially providing some insights into subsequent research. Advances Based on textual research and the analysis of logical relations, this study generalized the advances in research on the geology of CMMs in China into four aspects. (1) Increasingly improved geological theory system of CMMs: China’s classic theoretical system of coal field geology was formed in the second half of the 20th …