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Process Studies And Modeling Of Self-Cleaning Capacity Of Mountain Creeks For Recreation Planning And Management, Cheng-Lung Chen, Keith D. Davis

Reports

Reaeration process studies were conducted on a mountain creek and a large laboratory flume. The method of evaluating the dispersion coefficient, mean velocity, and reaeration coefficient for both creek and flume consisted of finding these values for a deoxygenated portion of the flow containing a conservative tracer (dye). The deoxygenated slug is measured as it moved downstream and the three values are best fit in the analytical solution of the longitudinal dispersion equation which dynamically describes the flow of the dispersing slug in the stream. The best fit was accomplished by using the method of least squares of the differences …

Urban Storm Runoff Inlet Hydrograph Study, Volume 5, Soil-Cover-Moisture Complex: Analysis Of Parametric Infiltration Models For Highway Sideslopes, Cheng-Lung Chen

Reports

The main objective of this study is to develop an accurate design method for computing inlet hydrographs of surface runoff, with average recurrence intervals of 10, 25, and 50 years, from typical urban highway by flood routing technique. The boundary-value problem of one-dimensional infiltration resulting from rainfall is formulated and solved numerically on a digital computer. The numerical solutions of this idealized mathematical model is used as a basic testing tool in the subsequent analysis of various parametric infiltration models including the Green-Ampt, Kostiakov, Philip, Horton, and Holtan equations. The time of ponding is shown to be the most important …

Urban Storm Runoff Inlet Hydrograph Study Volume 1: Computer Analysis Of Runoff From Urban Highway Watersheds Under Time- And Space-Varying Rainstorms, Chen-Lung Chen

Reports

The main objective of this study is to develop an accurate design method for computing inlet hydrographs of surface runoff, with average recurrence intervals of 10, 25, and 50 years, from typical urban highway by flood routing technique. The most comprehensive mathematical model based on the method of characteristics was developed for computing the runoff inlet hydrograph. All flood routing methods were extensively reviewed and the most efficient and accurate technique was adopted for the formulation of a numerical (computer) model including all the rainfall-runoff processes on a highway watershed. Accuracy of the computer model was then examined by comparing …

An Application Of The Utah State University Watershed Simulation Model To The Entiat Experimental Watershed, Washington State, David S. Bowles, J. Paul Riley, George B. Shih

Reports

To study the effects of a forest fire on runoff characteristics, the Utah State University Watershed Simulation Model (USUWSM) has been applied to three small drainage areas in the Entiat Experimental Watershed which is located within the Wenatchee National Forest of central Washington. Each component of the USUWSM has been described in the report, including structural changes to the model that were necessary to achieve reasonable agreement between observed and simulated runoff hydrographs. Lack of information on the spatial distribution and precipitation due to the absence of an adequate precipitation gaging network on or close to the study area was …

Watershed Management On Range And Forest Lands Proceedings Of The Fifth Workshop Of The United States/Australia Rangelands Panel, R. J. Mcconnen, B. S. Sadler, Colin L. Pierrehumbert, Kenneth G. Renard, Donald L. Brakensiek, Alden R. Hibbert, T. Talsma, C. W. Rose, Ronald E. Sosebee, Richard Meeuwig, Paul Packer, Walter C. Boughton, J. Paul Riley, Richard H. Hawkins

Reports

Preface: The U.S.-Australia Cooperative Rangeland Science Program In October 1968 the governments of the United States and Australia entered into an agreement for the purpose of facilitating close cooperative activities between the scientific communities of the two countries. The joint communique issued at that time designated the U.S. National Science Foundation and the Australian Commonwealth Department of Education and Science as the coordinating agencies. Both countries were to encourage binational teamwork in research, interchanges of scientists, joint seminars, and exchanges of information. A United States-Australia Rangeland Panel was established in December 1969 to further cooperation between the two countries in …

Urban Storm Runoff Inlet Hydrograph Study Volume 3: Hydrologic Data For Two Urban Highway Watersheds In The Salt Lake City Area, Utah, Joel E. Fletcher, Cheng-Lung Chen

Reports

The main objective of this study is to develop an accurate design method for computing inlet hydrographs of surface runoff, with average recurrence intervals of 10, 25, and 50 years, from typical urban highway by flood routing technique. Hydrologic data such as the rainfall intensity, runoff flow rate, air temperature, wind velocity, and soil moisture content were collected during rainfall seasons in 1972 and 1973 on two urban highway watersheds in the Salt Lake City area, Utah. These data were used in the verification of a mathematical model simulating the surface runoff from such highway watersheds. The difficulties and inherent …

Bulletin 3933 - Trickle Irrigation For Home Gardens, K Cole

Bulletins - 3000 - 3999

The use of trickle irrigation in the home garden can save money, time and water.

Trickle irrigation is a concept first used in glasshouses in England, then applied to field crops in Israel and developed and refined in Australia and America. Today it is widely used in orchards, vineyards, vegetable gardens and now has gained wide acceptance in the growing of ornamental plants.

Any good trickle system uses small quantities of water over an extended period of time. In the home garden, flows of 2.25 litres to 4.5 litres per hour are usual though for small shrubs lesser amounts may …

Lower Androscoggin, Walter A. Lawrance

Walter Lawrance Papers

No abstract provided.

Sodium, Potassium, Calcium And Magnesium Content Of Northwest Arkansas Rain Water In 1973 And Trace Metal Analyses Of 1974 Rains, G. H. Wagner, R. W. Holloway

Arkansas Water Resources Center Technical Reports

No abstract provided.

Powers Of The State Of Kentucky In Implementing An Effluent Tax As A Part Of An Interstate Ohio River Basin Water Pollution Control Program, Anita L. Morse, Edward Zeigler

KWRRI Research Reports

This report is intended to set forth some of the problems and solutions involved in financing and regulating water quality control. The purpose is to record some of the major problems confronting those who legislate water quality, those who espouse technological answers, and those who see the problem in terms of economic solutions. The limits placed by political and institutional constraints on solutions to these problems are frequently not understandable.

Within this report are contained separate investigations: a study of federal-interstate relations and the interstate compact; a study of Kentucky's common law approach to water rights; a study of financing …

A Position Paper Of Environmental Education For Nelson County, Geneva B. Hunt

Masters Theses & Specialist Projects

The results of a survey, concerning environmental education taken of the educators of the Nelson County School System, indicated a need for environmental education workshops and classes.

The status of environmental education in the nation and in Kentucky were studied and compared. A research was done of the status of environmental education in Nelson County, and implications were drawn for implementing environmental education in the Nelson County School System.

A tentative program for implementing environmental education in the Nelson Country schools was given, and a bibliography of resources and materials to be used in said program was included.

Analysis Of Unsteady Flow Toward Artesian Wells By Three-Dimensional Finite Elements, Yang H. Huang, Shen-Jyh Wu

KWRRI Research Reports

A three-dimensional finite element computer program was developed for analyzing unsteady flow toward artesian wells. The program is designed especially for determining the drawdown around an artesian well penetrating fully or partially a nonhomogeneous and anisotropic aquifer of irregular shape and cross section. It can also be used as a general program for aquifer simulation and evaluation. A major advantage of the program lies in the minimum amount of input data required. By assuming the top and bottom boundaries of the aquifer as two arbitrary planes, the aquifer will be divided into six- or eight-node elements, and their nodal coordinates …

Spatially Varied Subcritical And Supercritical Flow In Gullies, T. Y. Kao

KWRRI Research Reports

The objective of this study was to investigate the phenomena of subcritical and supercritical spatially varied flow in rectangular expansions such as that in an erosion gully. Based on momentum and continuity principles, equations were developed to predict such flow phenomena. Computations of the water surface profiles for subcritical spatially varied flow were carried out by applying direct step numerical calculations. Because of the presence of standing waves, the method of characteristics was employed in the analytical analysis of the supercritical flow phenomena. Of primary importance in this study is the effect of varying amounts of lateral inflow rates. Other …

Water Current, Volume 6, No. 8, August 1974

Water Current Newsletter

Guest Editorial: Mandatory versus Voluntary, Dayle Williamson, Executive Secretary, Nebraska Natural Resources Commission
Deadlines for Research Projects
NWRRI Hosts Research in Action Conference
DEC Director Named
Nebraska Receives Discharge Elimination Report
Sewage Treatment Plant in Lincoln
Nebraska Drought
South Dakota Seeks Additional Missouri River Benefits
Main-Stem Water Marketing
OWRR Reorganized
ERTS Begins Third Year in Orbit
Sirotherm - An Australian Development for Purifying Water
Purpose, Policy and Objectives
Research Review: Alternatives in Area Management of Groundwater

A Model Of An Environmental Advisory Committee For City Government, Henry Barrett Baker

Masters Theses

No abstract provided.

The Effects Of Sodium Chloride On Hyalella Azteca, Ameletus Sparsatus, And Tubifex Tubifex, Stephen A. Miller

Masters Theses

No abstract provided.

Water Salvage Potentials In Utah, Volume I. Open Water Evaporation And Monolayer Suppression Potential, Trevor C. Hughes, E. Arlo Richardson, James A. Franckiewicz

Reports

An estimate of the potential in Utah for evaporation suppression by the monolayer film method is presented. The model estimates evaporation suppression as a function of wind speed, a four parameter exposure factor, and reservoir size. The estimated suppression factors vary from 0 to 30 percent and average 11 percent of the statewide total annual evaporation. Estimates of May to October evaporation and suppression potential are calculated for each of the 227 impoundments in the surface water inventory. A forthcoming report in this series will examine the potential for evaporation suppression by thermal destratification. This procedure, which is already being …

Distribution Of Trace Metals In A Warm Water Release Impoundment, J. Nix

Arkansas Water Resources Center Technical Reports

A water quality study of the DeGray Reservoir, Arkansas, was conducted beginning immediately following the beginning of impoundment through the first year in which the reservoir was operated near normal pool elevation. DeGray Reservoir is the first major dam in Arkansas to be equipped with upper level release capabilities. Temperature, dissolved oxygen, and turbidity were measured in situ at stations located over the old river channel. Samples were taken from selected levels within the water column at each station and analyzed for the following parameters: pH, sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, nitrate, phosphate, sulfate, chloride, fluoride, alkalinity, COD, iron, manganese, copper, …

The Effects Of Dwarf Mistletoe On The Wood Properties Of Lodgepole Pine, Douglas D. Piirto, Donald L. Crews, Harry E. Troxell

Natural Resources Management and Environmental Sciences

The effects of dwarf mistletoe (Arceuthobium americanum Nutt. ex. Engelm.) on the wood properties of lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta Dougl.) were studied. The results indicate: a decline in modulus of elasticity, modulus of rupture, and work to proportional limit in both infected and noninfected wood from the infected trees; a higher specific gravity of the infected wood; a higher percentage of alcohol-benzene extractives in the infected wood; an increase in longitudinal shrinkage in both infected and noninfected wood from the same tree; a lower percentage of latewood in wood from infected trees; no significant difference in growth ring …

Bulletin No 3883 - Dairying In W.A., Western Australian Department Of Agriculture

Bulletins - 3000 - 3999

Western Australia has a small dairy industry compared with its other rural production. However, the industry has consolidated over recent years.

Tree clearing and pasture development on existing holdings and the amalgamation of small dairy farms has led to a rapid increase in the area of pasture per farm. The trend in Western Australia is towards bigger herds, more efficient dairies, more fodder conservation and increasing production per cow and per· hectare.

Observations On The Distribution And Composition Of Zooplankton In Portions Of The Intracoastal Waterway, Virginia, O. Clair Hillard Jr.

Biological Sciences Theses & Dissertations

Five stations were established in the Southern Branch of the Elizabeth River, the Dismal Swamp Canal, the Albemarle and Chesapeake Canal and the North Landing River. Representative samples of zooplankton were taken from October 1971 to June 1972. A. total of 57 species were identified and discussions regarding seasonal distribution in relation to physical factors and circulation are presented.

The composition of the zooplankton was found to fluctuate greatly due to the variables characteristic of the study area. The combined effect of tidal flow with freshwater input in conjunction with drainage from the Great Dismal Swamp, results in isolated populations …

The Use Of Color Infrared Aerial Photography In Determining Salt Marsh Vegetation And Delimiting Man-Made Structures Of Lynnhaven Bay, Virginia, Robert E. Holman Lll

Biological Sciences Theses & Dissertations

Color infrared aerial photography was found to be superior to color aerial photography in an ecological study of Lynnhaven Bay, Virginia. The research was divided into three phases: 1) determination of the feasibility of correlating color infrared aerial photography with wetland species composition and zonation patterns, 2) determination of the accuracy of the aerial interpretation and problems related to the aerial method used, and 3) comparison of developed with undeveloped areas along Lynnhaven Bay's shoreline.

Wetland species composition and zonation patterns of major cones were correlated with aerial infrared photography and resulted in a high degree of accuracy. Problems with …

Dual Role Of Forbs And Rodenticides In The Ground Spray Control Of Pine Mice, Frank Horsfall Jr., R.E. Webb, Ross E. Byers

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 6th (1974)

Highly effective controls for the pine mouse (Pitymys pinetorum) were obtained for three years in apple orchards by means of herbaceous ground cover sprays of [(chloro 4 phenyl) 1 phenyl] acetyl 2 dioxo 1-3 indane at a rate of 0.2 lb. per acre of actual orchard. This toxicant from Europe is designated there as chlorophacinone. The spray residue persists for a maximum of about 30 days and was not found to be translocated to fruits nor was it detected in runoff water. Ingestion of the lethal agent is markedly enhanced by an adequate presence of forbs in the treated greenery. …

Mestranol As A Repellent To Protect Douglas-Fir Seed From Deer Mice, Gerald D. Lindsey, Richard M. Anthony, James Evans

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 6th (1974)

Mestranol** [3-Methoxy-19-nor-l7α-pregna-l,3,5 (10)-trien-20-yn-l7-ol (C₂₁H₂₆O₂)] was tested at 2 percent (active) as a repellent for protecting Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) seed from deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus). In 5-day laboratory bioassays, deer mice consumed 61 to 66 percent fewer mestranol-treated seeds than control seeds; these results were about equal to those with a standard 0.5 percent (active) endrin seed treatment. Deer mice showed a progressive aversion to the mestranol seed treatment from 24 percent to 76 percent in 5 days. Thereafter, with minimal reinforcement, avoidance was maintained at 90 to 99 percent for …

Laboratory Testing Of Albino Rats With Anticoagulant Rodenticides, Steve D. Palmateer

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 6th (1974)

The results of testing dry anticoagulant baits at the Animal Biology Laboratory are evaluated in this paper. Overall, 14,940 rats were committed to these tests resulting in a mortality rate of 91 . 8 percent. The five chemicals tested and their mean mortality per test are: Diphacinone (93.5 percent), Pival (87.5 percent), Warfarin (93.9 percent), Prolin (91.2 percent), and Fumarin (92.8 percent).

The data indicates that 77.4 percent of the tests conducted resulted in a mortality of 90 percent or greater, but only 11.9 percent of them resulted in acceptance of 33 percent or greater and mortality of 90 percent …

Small Mammal Census And Control On A Hardwood Plantation, Andrew Radvanyi

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 6th (1974)

For centuries, Man has been at conflict with and has suffered untold crop losses to ubiquitous small mammals. Such losses may range from unnoticed removal of vegetation in hay and grain fields to 95-99 percent losses in unprotected orchards or forest plantations. A most dramatic and conspicuous type of damage occurs where large numbers of meadow voles cause excessive tree girdling damage to a wide variety of plantation grown trees.

Surveys of small mammal populations carried out on a hardwood plantation in southern Ontario during 1971-72-73 indicated the magnitude of the rodent problem. Control measures using broadcasting of anticoagulant-treated grain …

Animal Damage Control Research–"Are Present Priorities Based On Actual Need?", Richard N. Smith

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 6th (1974)

Priorities regarding Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife vertebrate damage control research are in most cases based on actual need. Need is influenced by economic, political, legislative, and biological incentives. These incentives affect private industry, state and local governments, academia, and the federal government but in different ways. The Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife has 24 percent of its wildlife research budget invested in vertebrate damage control research. Its programs deal with predators, birds, and small mammals and research programs are problem oriented. Priorities are generally developed within the organization and are usually determined by biological need.

A Safe Approach To Natural Home Ranges, As Applied To The Solution Of Edge Effect Subjects, Using Capture-Recapture Data In Vole Populations, Ryo Tanaka

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 6th (1974)

Capture-recapture work was performed in 1970 and 1971 with Microtus montebelli seeking to disclose the edge effect subjects. For the purpose, in principle, it is needful for us to approach the reality of home range in size and shape. As the result of these studies, it has been established that the method using observed range length and width is highly available for searching after natural ranges and that the natural range of the voles (Microtus and Clethrionomys) is ordinarily on the order of 0.05 for females and of 0.10 for males in acres and generally oblong in shape such as …

Seasonal Changes In Water Quality And Primary Productivity In Doe Valley Lake, Edmond J. Bacon, Stuart E. Neff

KWRRI Research Reports

Primary productivity and water quality were studied in Doe Valley Lake, a 147-hectare impoundment on Doe Run, a spring-fed stream in Meade County, Kentucky, from 13 June 1969 to 31 July 1972. Doe Valley Lake is monomictic during most winter seasons, but it is dimictic during more severe winters because of its morphometry and location on the borderline climatic region for dimictic lakes (37° N latitude). Oxygen depletion in the hypolimnion is severe, and anaerobic conditions usually prevail by late June. A hypolimnetic areal deficit of 0.038 mg/cm²/day was calculated. Supersaturation of oxygen in the epilimnion was common, …

Development Of Prediction Relationships For Water Requirements With Irrigation Cooling, Billy J. Barfield, John N. Walker, F. A. Payne

KWRRI Research Reports

A model for predicting leaf temperatures during an off-on mist cycle is presented. The model uses a combination of energy budget and aerodynamic techniques. The model was tested for dry leaf temperature and evapotranspiration predictions using average hourly data from Arizona. The accuracy was good. It was also tested for dry leaf temperature predictions using two to three minute data with a widely varying net radiation. When reasonable values of stomatal resistance were used, the agreement was again good.

The model was tested for prediction of wet leaf temperature prediction with a ten minute on, fifty minute off mist irrigation …