Digital Commons Network^™

The Prairie Naturalist Volume 2, Nos. 3 And 4 September–December, 1970

The Prairie Naturalist

EDITORIAL: Ecology and Environmental Education ▪ Keith R. Stamm

PEOPLE IN PERIL ▪ Thomas L. Kimball

MEN IN MAN'S ENVIRONMENT ▪ Robert L. Burgess

ENERGY AND MAN'S ENVIRONMENT ▪ Dale Henegar

MINERALS AND SOILS IN MAN'S ENVIRONMENT ▪ Wilson M. Laird

WATER IN MAN'S ENVIRONMENT ▪ Norman Peterson

THE ATMOSPHERE IN MAN'S ENVIRONMENT ▪ Gene A. Christianson

WHY ENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATION IN THE LIFE SCIENCES? ▪ James R. Reilly

ECOLOGICAL EDUCATION IN THE PHYSICAL SCIENCES ▪ William P. Eastwood

MASS MEDIA AND ENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATION ▪ Richard Palmer

THE JUDGMENT OF THE JACKAL ▪ C. Benson Thomerson

THE ROLE OF COLLEGES AND …

Water Resources News, Volume 2, No. 11, December 1970

Water Current Newsletter

March Seminar Planned
Groundwater Seminar
Summer Short Course Planned
Boy Scout Guides
Beneficial Effects of Air Pollution Abatement
Engineering Criteria For Animal Waste Treatment Lagoons in North Carolina
Department of the Interior Organizational Alignments Affecting OWRR
Phosphate Detergents Banned in Chicago
Water Resources Legislation in the Congress
NSF Funds Curriculum Project to Aid Fight Against Water Pollution
Ruckelshaus Named EPA Head
Recycled Wastewater Used at Latex Plant
Research Review
New Publications Received by the Institute
Program for the 1971 Interdisciplinary Seminar on Water Resources

"Remarks On The Motion Picture No Blade Of Grass", Cornel Wilde

Special Collections: Oregon Public Speakers

No abstract provided.

Nebraska Trappers' Guide: A Handbook On The Taking Of Muskrat, Mink, Beaver, And Coyote And The Handling Of Pelts, Edson Fichter, George Hytrek

Nebraska Game and Parks Commission: White Papers, Conference Presentations, and Manuscripts

Management of any game or fur animal is an effort to insure an annual harvestable surplus. Much of this effort must be placed upon the land. The development and maintenance of habitat--the place where the animals can live--constitutes a large portion of this effort. The objective of habitat development is the increase and improvement of homes for wildlife and thereby the increase in numbers and improvement of the quality of the animals produced. Another important and continuous job of game management. is the annual check on populations--their ups and downs. Information on the numbers of animals is necessary if only …

Bioassay Procedures For Oil And Oil Dispersant Toxicity Evaluation, Gilles Laroche, Ronald Eisler, Clarence M. Tarzwell

United States Environmental Protection Agency: Publications

Hazards to marine and estuarine fauna associated with offshore drilling of oil and with transport of large quantities of oils via tankers are numerous and understandable. At present, there is a growing body of evidence on adverse effects to these organisms of crude oil (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) and chemical oil counteracting agents or dispersants (5) (6) (9) (10) (11) (12) (13) (14) (15) (16) (17). These effects are well summarized by Smith (18) and by Carthy and Arthur (19).

Comparatively few workers have studied the influence of oil-dispersant mixtures of marine life. Studies by …

Water Resources News, Volume 2, No. 10, November 1970

Water Current Newsletter

NWRRI Director Named Executive Secretary of Universities Council on Water Resources
1971 Summer Institutes Planned
Research and Development Sources Sought
NWRRI Proposals Submitted
FWQA Booklet on Fish Mortalities
Urban Wastewater Renovation Through Agriculture
Control of Oil Pollution
Environmental Education Bill to White House
Title II Awards for FY 1971
Case Studies in Water Resources Systems Analysis
National Environmental Pollution Conference
UCOWR Annual Meeting Held in Virginia
Reorganizational Plans for Environmental Programs
National Water Commission Studies
Research Review
New Publications Received by the Institute - November

Press Reports, Walter Lawrance

Walter Lawrance Papers

No abstract provided.

Algal Growth And Decomposition: Effects On Water Quality, Phase Ii, Edward G. Foree, Ronald L. Barrow

KWRRI Research Reports

The decomposition and associated nutrient regeneration of three unialgal cultures and one mixed culture containing an indigenous population of bacteria and microscopic animals were studied under dark, constant temperature laboratory conditions. After periods of nutrient-deficient growth ranging from O to 30 days, these cultures were inoculated with decomposer populations and subjected to anaerobic and aerobic environments for the decomposition studies. The extend of decomposition was determined from the percentage volatile suspended solids and percentage particulate COD remaining after 200 days of decomposition. The average extent of decomposition was greater for aerobic than for anaerobic conditions. However, significant portions of the …

Preliminary Indicators Of Income/Wealth Redistribution Associated With Bureau Of Reclamation Projects, Reed Willis, Allen Lebaron, Herbert Fullerton

Reports

Social well-being is an accepted subset of water investment feasibility criteria. Our attempt is to isolate income redistribution impacts conferred by the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation projects. Four project sites have been utilized to yield both pre and post project estimates of farm income and wealth. Production functions of the Cobb-Douglas type were estimated to yield information about factor shares, and thus enable inferences to be made about distribution of total product. Lorenz curves were developed to show changes in distribution of wealth and net income in terms of family enterprise, per acre, and per irrigated acre. Listing of individual …

Red-Winged Blackbird Movements On Lake Erie Islands, Mildred Miskimen

Bird Control Seminars Proceedings

What I am going to say this afternoon is based entirely on field observations. As I said, this is a progress report. Maybe in another five or ten years I shall have enough data so that I can come back and show you something more detailed. The area with which we are dealing is the archipelago that runs across between Ottawa county, Ohio, and Ontario, Canada. I have not done any work on Point Pelee, but I have worked on Pelee Island, on all of the U.S. islands, and along the North shore around Sandusky bay. What I am considering …

Territorial Male Red-Winged Blackbird Distribution In Wood County, Ohio, M. I. Dyer

Bird Control Seminars Proceedings

Red-winged blackbirds (Agelaius phoneiceus) have been studied intensively in the United States and Canada by research biologists of the Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife for more than a decade. The detailed information on popula¬tion dynamics of the species that has been acquired is now being assembled and assessed. Definite patterns in the distribution of some of the eastern and mid-western populations have become apparent (Dyer et al., 1072; Power, 1069, 1970). A very complex distribution of territorial densities occurs in the western Lake Erie Basin of the U.S. and Canada (Dyer et al., 1972), where there are significant differences …

The Effects Of Ornitrol On Wild Populations Of Red-Winged Blackbirds And Grackles, Robert C. Fringer, Philip Granett

Bird Control Seminars Proceedings

For the past three years the New Jersey Department of Agriculture, in coop¬eration with the New Jersey Agricultural Experiment Station, has conducted field evaluations on the effects of reproductive suppressants on wild populations of red-winged blackbirds. These studies have been performed in conjunction with the North East 49 (a Federally sponsored regional project which presently has nine states in the North East and Ohio cooperating to develop means to combat bird damage to agricultural crops) regional project on control of bird depredations.

Field evaluations in 1968 and 1969 centered around the effects of TEM (tri-ethylene melamine) on the reproductive rates …

Photoperiodic Control Of The Testicular Cycle In The Eastern Red-Winged Blackbird, (Agelaius Phoeniceus Phoeniceus), Joel T. Kerlan

Bird Control Seminars Proceedings

The annual testicular cycle of many avian species which reside in temperate zones can be divided into two stages: the recrudescent stage and the regressive stage. The recrudescent stage is characterized by an increase in testis size which reflects the transition from an aspermatogenic condition to a spermatogenic condition. At the end of the breeding season, the birds enter the regressive stage. During this period a marked decrease in testis weight and volume indicates the return to an aspermatogenic condition. This stage is maintained until the next spring when presumably the increasing photoperiod induces gonadal recrudescence. If the birds are …

1969 Assessment Of Blackbird Depredations On Field Corn In Ohio And Michigan, Ronald D. Ogden

Bird Control Seminars Proceedings

In 1966, when the annual damage survey was initiated, Dr. C. R. Weaver, Statistician at the Ohio Agriculture Research and Development Center, Wooster, Ohio, drew up a sampling plan, balancing costs against desired precision. The plan included three combinations of fields to be sampled and stations per field for high damage areas, three combinations for moderate damage areas, and two combinations for light damage areas. Alternatives for the high damage area included (1) 497 fields with two stations per field (± .48), (2) 775 fields with two stations per field (± .26), and (3) 235 fields with ten stations per …

Research Panel Discussion, John Seubert

Bird Control Seminars Proceedings

Panel Members: Morley R. Kare, Robert G. Schwab and M. R. Woulfe

Nonbiolog1cal Alteration Of 3-Chloro P-Toluidine Hydrochloride (Drc-1339) In An Aqueous Solution, T. R. Darden, Robert G. Schwab

Bird Control Seminars Proceedings

The effectiveness of 3-chloro p-toluidine (DRC-1339) as an avicide, particular¬ly on the European starling, has been adequately demonstrated (DeCino, Cunningham, and Schafer, 1966; Schwab, 1965, 1966, and 1967). Methods of applying the com¬pound which have proved useful range from the standard baiting technique (Besser, Royall, and DeGrazio, 1967; Royall, DeCino, and Besser, 1967; West, 1968) to pos¬sible aerial application of the compound to roosting sites (Schwab, 1967). These methods, particularly the latter, inherently lead to widespread environmental exposure. As the chemical name implies, DRC-1339 is a chlorinated hydrocarbon. It thereby carries the stigma, whether justifiable or not, of environmental persistence …

The Relationship Of Bird Habitats To Disease Producing Fungi, Robert Weeks

Bird Control Seminars Proceedings

Two fungi, Cryptococcous neoformans and Histoplasma capsulatum, which are pathogenic to some animals and humans, are found in association with the habitats of birds. This association will be discussed by a review of Cryptococcosis and C. neoformans in association with pigeons and their habitats, reviewing histoplasmosis and relating the experience of the Soil Ecology Unit Mycoses Section in Kansas City with H. capsulatum associated with blackbird and starling roosts during the past nine months of this year.

A Municipal Bird Control Project, James Steckel

Bird Control Seminars Proceedings

The subject I was asked to talk about this morning is Municipal Bird Control. Our organization was asked approximately a year ago by a rather high level income urban municipality lying adjacent to Columbus, Ohio, a bedroom community so to speak, to come into their area to do a commercial bird control project. The problem species was pigeons. The community was having a blight. Real estate sales in the town had dropped off as a result of the pigeon problem. The taxpayers were getting together and had been harassing the council for about six months to do something about the …

Sonic Systems For Controlling Bird Depredations, William D. Fitzwater

Bird Control Seminars Proceedings

The sounds used in controlling bird depredations can be classified into three types:

(1) AUDIBLE DISTURBING NOISES: From clapping of hands by primitive peoples to the modern exploding shotgun shells, loud noises have long been used to frighten birds from man's crops. They are still a valuable supplement to other methods or when needed for short, discontinuous periods.

(2) ULTRASONICS: Sounds over 20,000 cps are apparently beyond the limit of birds as well as humans. There is no effective use of ultrasonics in bird control as yet.

(3) BIOSONICS: While song is a more noticeable facet of bird communication, the …

Laboratory And Field Studies With An Avian Repellent For Sprouting Seeds, F. R. Frank, Edward W. Schafer Jr., Joseph L. Guarino

Bird Control Seminars Proceedings

Development of safe bird management techniques has become necessary for the economic survival of many parameters of agriculture. Competition between man and birds for resources has always occurred but has become increasingly complex as the human population increased. As man's demand for additional food and fiber has required more intensive cultivation of arable land, certain birds have caused in¬creasingly costly losses. Bird damage has become so severe in some areas that till¬age of certain crops is threatened.

In some situations, troublesome bird populations can be reduced to tolerable levels; however, the primary objective of bird management should be the alleviation …

Food Choice Behaviour, R. G. B. Brown

Bird Control Seminars Proceedings

Since 1965 the Canadian Wildlife Service has been concerned with the damage which birds cause in the orchards and vineyards of the Niagara fruit belt, in southern Ontario. My own contribution to this programme has been to collect information on the feeding be¬haviour and ecology of the birds concerned, and use this to test the effectiveness of various control systems. For the purposes of this seminar, I shall only deal with the damage which Robins do to sweet cherries. Here, I was particularly interested in whether it was possible to develop a "bird-proof cherry variety, which would settle the problem …

The Chemical Senses Of Birds, Morley R. Kare

Bird Control Seminars Proceedings

Birds are not concerned with the odors of their immediate environment. To a chicken, a starling or a cowbird, the odors of its environment are of little or no con-sequence. I am not saying that birds do not have the apparatus for olfaction, nor am I saying that no bird can smell. The kiwi of New Zealand is almost totally blind and does sniff. They do have "nostrils" on the tip of the bill. However, they are an unusual exception. If we place highly odoriferous material under one of two food choices and present them to domestic chickens or starlings, …

Problems In Developing New Chemicals For Bird Control, Edward W. Schafer Jr., Joseph L. Guarino

Bird Control Seminars Proceedings

In the last decade, we have all seen the increasing concern about environmental pollution and have become aware of the long-term hazards of chemicals to man and other animals. Recently this concern and awareness have intensified and have resulted in much more stringent regulations governing the application of chemicals for bird control as well as for other purposes. Although most regulations have come from the Department of Agriculture and the Food and Drug Administration, the Department of the Interior and Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife have also scrutinized and tightened their policies, and as information concerning chemical effects on …

Use Of Aircraft For Bird Control, Vernon A. Vick

Bird Control Seminars Proceedings

Things have changed considerably during the past several years in the aerial applicating business as in most other industries. For a long time farmers have been searching for a way to control blackbirds in their corn fields. As long as fifteen years ago a group of farmers in Sandusky County asked us to apply lime to their fields in the hope that this would frighten birds from their fields. In Belle Glade, Florida, several farmers pooled their resources and hired a small cub-type airplane to fly all day long over their sweet corn fields to frighten away black birds. This …

Bird Damage To Sunflowers, Dalton E. Gandy

Bird Control Seminars Proceedings

Most of you are wondering why the National Cottonseed Products Association, which is the trade organization that I am a staff agronomist for, and have been for twenty-five years, is looking at sunflowers. I hasten to remind you that we are in a changing time and that we must adjust to those changing times. We were a one crop system in the South raising cotton only. It was our trade association that began to look for new oil seed crops as another crop to process and another crop for our farmers to grow. We brought soybeans to the South. We …

Another Perspective On Bird Management, John M. Anderson

Bird Control Seminars Proceedings

At an earlier research seminar, Dr. John Seubert observed that available evi¬dence indicated the red-winged blackbird was going to be with us for some time, and perhaps we'd better learn to "live with it." Whereupon a representative of the com growers said if Dr. Seubert really believed that, he'd better look for a new job. I sincerely hope this attitude is not too widespread among corn producers and market¬ers; because if it is, we can expect a lot of pressure designed to force scientists to abandon their search for a safe method of reducing redwing damage. "Risk now, find out …

Registration Patterns For Avicides, James O. Lee

Bird Control Seminars Proceedings

Federal legislation relating to pesticide use in the United States dates back to 1910 with passage of the Federal Insecticide Act. This consumer protection from sub¬standard or fraudulent products was considered sufficient for the next 37 years.

In 1947, Congress passed the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act. The FIFRA superseded the earlier legislation and was designed as a regulatory measure. Under the Act any product considered an "economic poison" must be reg¬istered with the U.S. Department of Agriculture before it may be marketed in inter¬state commerce.

The FIFRA defines an economic poison as any substance or mixture of sub¬stances …

Bird Hazards To Aircraft, Victor E. F. Solmon

Bird Control Seminars Proceedings

When I spoke to the third Bird Control Seminar in 1966 on "Ecological Control of Bird Hazards to Aircraft", I reviewed what we had accomplished up to that time. I spoke about the extent of the problem, the bird species involved and the methods we used to make the airports less attractive to birds that created hazards to aircraft.

I wish to discuss today our accomplishments since 1966. I have presented a number of papers on the topic including one with Dr. W. W. H. Gunn, in 1967 at a meeting in the United Kingdom, and others in the United …

Registered Participants: Fifth Bird Control Seminar (1970)

Bird Control Seminars Proceedings

Names and addresses of 97 participants.

Hydrologic Inventory Of The Weber River Study Unit, Frank W. Haws, Roland W. Jeppson, A. Leon Huber

Reports

The 1963 Utah State Legislature authorized the Utah Water and Power Board (now the Utah Division of Water Resources) to develop a state water plan in order to give coordination and direction to the activities of all state and federal agencies concerned with Utah's water resources. To facilitate the development of this plan, a proposal was submitted through the State Planning Coordinator in the Governor's Office to the Urban Renewal Administration of the Housing and Home Finance Agency. Funding was approved effective May 19, 1966, under the Urban Planning Assistance Program authorized by Section 701 of the Housing Act of …