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Consumptive Use And Water Requirements For Utah, A. Leon Huber, Frank W. Haws, Trevor C. Hughes, Jay M. Bagley Jan 1982

Consumptive Use And Water Requirements For Utah, A. Leon Huber, Frank W. Haws, Trevor C. Hughes, Jay M. Bagley

Reports

Foreword: Studies on the meteorological determinants of evapotranspiration were initiated at least as long ago as the 1920s and by the late 1940s had produced the Blaney-Criddle method for estimating crop consumptive use. The resulting ability to estimate water requirements by both location and crop added a new scientific dimension to water rights administration that was first introduced into the courts of Utah during adjudication of water rights in the Escalante Valley in 1949. Application of the consumptive use concept to water rights administration and water resources planning, however, required a wirtten reference. Technical Publication No. 8 entitled "Consumptive Use …

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Potential For Acid Snowmelt In The Wasatch Mountains, Jay J. Messer, Lloyd Slezak, Charles I. Liff Jan 1982

Potential For Acid Snowmelt In The Wasatch Mountains, Jay J. Messer, Lloyd Slezak, Charles I. Liff

Reports

Snowmelt collected from snow cores taken from the 1982 spring snowpack in the Wasatch Mountains of northern Utah lacked mineral acidity and retained enough buffering capacity in the form of calcium and magnesium bicarbonates to titrate additional inputs of strong acid equivalent to the amount apparently already neutralized. While acid anion concentrations were higher than those found in pristine areas, they were much lower than those reported for winter precipitation in other western areas experiencing acidification of precipitation. Snowmelt pH ranged from 5.62 to 6.88 (mean = 6.17), and sulfate was relatively more important than nitrate, showing an average equivalent …

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Impacts Of Western Coal, Oil Shale, And Tar Sands Development On Aquatic Environmental Quality: A Technical Information Matrix; Volume 1 Introduction And Instructions, Jay J. Messer, Charles I. Liff, Kurt Gernerd, Frederick J. Post Jan 1982

Impacts Of Western Coal, Oil Shale, And Tar Sands Development On Aquatic Environmental Quality: A Technical Information Matrix; Volume 1 Introduction And Instructions, Jay J. Messer, Charles I. Liff, Kurt Gernerd, Frederick J. Post

Reports

Introduction: The Upper Colorado River Basin contains vast deposits of coal, oil shale, and tar sands, which could undergo extensive development should oil prices rise or an international situation restrict oil imports. Naturally, the prospect of development of these alternative fossil fuels resources has led to concern over how extraction and conversion activities will impact environmental quality. A thorough understanding of the nature and magnitude of the resulting envionemental impacts is a necessary prerequisite, if the costs and risks of such activites are to be weighed against the economic benefits. When we set out to evaluated these costs and risks, …

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Development Of Contingency Plans And Scientific Background Studies For Applying Weather Modification During Drought Periods In Utah, David S. Bowles, Marjorie Frantz, Terry Glover, E. Arlo Richardson, Joe L. Sutherland Jan 1982

Development Of Contingency Plans And Scientific Background Studies For Applying Weather Modification During Drought Periods In Utah, David S. Bowles, Marjorie Frantz, Terry Glover, E. Arlo Richardson, Joe L. Sutherland

Reports

A multi-disciplinary study of drought in utah was conducted as a part of the Bureau of Reclamation's Southwest Drought Research Program. The study was administered by the Utah Division of Water Resources. Utah drought was investigated from a variety of viewpoints, including drought climatology, drought meteorology, hydrologic effects of drought, and economic effects of drought. A stand-by wintertime cloud seeding program was designed for all sections of the state. An economics model was then used to determine benfits to the state as a result of the seeding program.

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Energy Impacts Of Water Based Recreation, J. Clair Batty, David A. Bell, E. Bruce Godfrey, Craig Howell, J. Paul Riley, Thomas C. Stoddard Jan 1982

Energy Impacts Of Water Based Recreation, J. Clair Batty, David A. Bell, E. Bruce Godfrey, Craig Howell, J. Paul Riley, Thomas C. Stoddard

Reports

The overall objective of the study reported here was to determine to what extent energy accounting could supplement and/or complement economic benfit/cost analyses of water management projects and to specifically examine the energy impacts of water based recreation. The energy accounting literature was carefully reviewed and an energy accounting methodology applicable to water management was devised. Data pertaining to receation at five reservoirs in Utah were assembled from visitation recoreds and on-site surveys. Energy requirements for site construction, travel to and from the recreation site, and recreation at the site were estimated. It was determined that energy devoted to water …

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Removal Of Nitrogen From Secondary Wastewater Effluent Through No 3-N Reduction Using Sulfur Dioxide (So2), Javid Ghorashian, V. Dean Adams, Dennis B. George Jan 1982

Removal Of Nitrogen From Secondary Wastewater Effluent Through No 3-N Reduction Using Sulfur Dioxide (So2), Javid Ghorashian, V. Dean Adams, Dennis B. George

Reports

The overall purpose of this study was to evaluate the ability of sulfur dioxide (SO2) to remove nitrate-nigrogen (i.e., reduction to a gaseous form) from the secondary wastewater effluent. To accomplish th above task, a jar test procedure was established and the concentration of NO3-N along with the concentration of NH3-N present in the secondary wastewater, treated with SO2, were measured initially and after 10 min, 20 min, 30 min, 40 min, and 24 hr. Then, the percent NO3-N removal was calculated, comparing the NO3-H concentrations measured in each treatment with the initial values. The above procedures were conducted for …

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Reverse Osmosis In The Treatment Of Drinking Water, R. Ryan Dupont, Talbert N. Eisenberg, E. Joe Middlebrooks Jan 1982

Reverse Osmosis In The Treatment Of Drinking Water, R. Ryan Dupont, Talbert N. Eisenberg, E. Joe Middlebrooks

Reports

An extensive review of the literature was conducted and results were evaluated for the use of the reverse osmosis process in the treatment of drinking water supplies. All aspects of reverse osmosis technology, including pretreatment requirements; membrane type and configuration; membrane cleaning and maintenance; and reverse osmosis removal of organics, inorganics, and microbial contaminants were incorporated inot the literature evaluation. A survey (Appendix E) of existing full scale reverse osmosis installations was also carried out and results of the survey are discussed. In light of data presented in the literature and results of the survey conducted, the following recommendations were …

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Evaluation Of Microcosms For Determining The Fate And Effect Of Benz(A)Anthracene In Aquatic Systems, Judith G. Dickson, V. Dean Adams, Dennis B. George Jan 1982

Evaluation Of Microcosms For Determining The Fate And Effect Of Benz(A)Anthracene In Aquatic Systems, Judith G. Dickson, V. Dean Adams, Dennis B. George

Reports

Small scale, three-phase microcosms were used to study the aquatic fate and effect of a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH), benz(a)anthracene. This compound was chosen as a model for carcinogenic PAH because it is a typical constituent of petro-chemical effluents and has middle-of-the-range physical and chamical characteristics. In a series of experiments, techniques were established for monitoring the behavior and for assessing the biological response to the pollutant. Results indicate taht benz(a)anthracene has no acute effect on aquatic organisms as indicated by the parameters used to measure community structure and function (gas productivity, nutrient utilization, biomass accumulation, and species composition). Gas …

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The Systematics And Biology Of The Genus Zapus (Mammalia, Rodentia, Zapodidae), Gwilym S. Jones Dec 1981

The Systematics And Biology Of The Genus Zapus (Mammalia, Rodentia, Zapodidae), Gwilym S. Jones

All-Inclusive List of Electronic Theses and Dissertations

This study was undertaken to determine specific and intraspecific relationships within the genus Zapus (Mammalia, Rodentia, Zapodidae). Subspecies are based on the biological subspecies concept where the subspecies is an evolutionary step between a population and species. Approximately 20,000 Recent specimens and representatives of fossil taxa were examined. Cranial and postcranial characteristics, colors, and when available bacula, sperms and karyotypes were incorporated into the morphological analyses. In addition, published biological data were summarized and analyzed for evidence of primary and secondary isolating mechanisms. Supplemental data were acquired during collection of 450 specimens in midwestern and western United States, western Canada, …

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The Probe, Issue 17 - November 1981 Nov 1981

The Probe, Issue 17 - November 1981

The Probe: Newsletter of the National Animal Damage Control Association

THE PROBE National Animal Damage Control Association November, 1981
It is now time to pay your dues.
Bats roosting in an attic can provide a free and easy way to keep a house warm in winter.
THE NO ANTIDOTE 1080
ORCHARD MOUSE CONTROL
The highly publicized "Adopt-a-Horse" program of the FRIENDS UF ANIMALS that was foisted on the Bureau of Land Management (BLM) is undergoing reevaluation.
NADCA ANNUAL MEETING
ASTM SYMPOSIUM ANNOUNCEMENT
WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT ON PUBLIC LANDS
Cats won't chase birds at the bird feeder if you feed the birds lemon-scented bird seed.
The killing of the three-year old by …

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Fifth Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop: Proceedings -- Frontmatter And Contents Oct 1981

Fifth Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop: Proceedings -- Frontmatter And Contents

Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop Proceedings

WORKSHOP CHAIRPERSONS
Ron J. Johnson — Extension Wildlife Specialist, Department of Forestry, Fisheries and Wildlife, University of Nebraska - Lincoln
Robert M. Timm - - Extension Vertebrate Pest Specialist, Department of Forestry, Fisheries and Wildlife, University of Nebraska - Lincoln

POSTER SESSION CHAIRPERSON
Ronald M. Case — Professor, Department of Forestry, Fisheries and Wildlife, University of Nebraska - Lincoln

PANEL AND SESSION CHAIRPERSONS
William D. Fitzwater — Director, bioLOGIC Consultants, Albuquerque, New Mexico
Roger E. Gold — Coordinator, Environmental Programs, University of Nebraska - Lincoln
Walter E. Howard — Professor and Ecologist, Wildlife and Fisheries Biology, University of California, Davis …

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Pyrotechnics For Bird Control, Geral L. Long Oct 1981

Pyrotechnics For Bird Control, Geral L. Long

Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop Proceedings

It is a little disputed fact that each year birds cause damage through crop depredation, roosting activities, and bird/aircraft strike damage with occasionally associated loss of life . Stephen (1961) cites an article by Elkins (1957) which said ducks cause millions of dollars of loss to barley, oats, and wheat crops in Canadian prairies. Damage to ripening cereal grain crops in the western United States is one of the most widespread bird problems (DeGrazio 1964). Zajanc (1962) reports these losses are estimated at $15 million annually in three western states alone where blackbirds feed in fields of rice, corn, small …

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Bird-Vectored Diseases, P.M. Gough, J.W. Beyer Oct 1981

Bird-Vectored Diseases, P.M. Gough, J.W. Beyer

Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop Proceedings

Although property damage and losses can be inflicted by wild birds throughout the entire year, avian-vectored diseases of livestock are primarily a winter phenomenon in the Great Plains states. Reasons for this include the following: (1) During the winter season the birds congregate in flocks of sufficient size to be of epidemiologic significance. (2) There is a high degree of interaction between birds and livestock only when limited food induces the birds to forage among confined animals and when adverse weather forces the birds to seek shelter in housing units for livestock. (3) Colder temperatures increase the time of survival …

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Tranquilizer Use In Wildlife Damage Control, Jerry Hoilien, David Oates Oct 1981

Tranquilizer Use In Wildlife Damage Control, Jerry Hoilien, David Oates

Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop Proceedings

Acceptable handling of problem or nuisance animals has been a concern of the general public and many local, state, and federal agencies. In the past, handling of these animals involved physical restraining techniques. These techniques exposed not only the "restrainer" but the "restrainee" to potential physical damage. Equipment utilizing Sucostrin as the immobilizing agent was developed to minimize these hazards.

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Keynote Address - Wildlife Damage Control And The Cooperative Extension Services, James E. Miller Oct 1981

Keynote Address - Wildlife Damage Control And The Cooperative Extension Services, James E. Miller

Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop Proceedings

Since the establishment of the Extension Service within the United States Department of Agriculture in 1914, in accordance with the mandate of the Smith-Lever Act, Extension personnel have recognized the need and responsibility to provide educational programs to assist clientele both rural and urban. These programs from the "grass roots" level to the Federal level are based on the "long established premise that assisting people with factual, effective and practical educational programs to help them solve problems, evaluate alternatives and make objective decisions, would provide these people with information that would enable them to help themselves. Wildlife damage control was …

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Coyote Management: A Rationale For Population Reduction, Dale A. Wade Oct 1981

Coyote Management: A Rationale For Population Reduction, Dale A. Wade

Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop Proceedings

Historic and anecdotal information on coyote depredation and population control is presented, with case histories from specific areas. Population reduction methods, their application and their limitations are described. Situations in which coyote population management is desirable and some of the restrictions imposed by laws and regulations are discussed.

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Commercial Exhibitors & Workshop Participants -- Fifth Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop Oct 1981

Commercial Exhibitors & Workshop Participants -- Fifth Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop

Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop Proceedings

A total of 10 firms and 120 people registered. They came from 30 states, the District of Columbia, and two Canadian provinces.

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Repellents For Deer And Rabbits, Edward K. Boggess Oct 1981

Repellents For Deer And Rabbits, Edward K. Boggess

Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop Proceedings

Rabbit and deer damage to newly planted trees is a serious problem in many areas of western Kansas and throughout much of the Great Plains. This problem is particularly serious in the establishment of new windbreak and shelterbelt plantings.

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Panel Discussion: Ecology And Management Of Prairie Dogs, James L. Stubbendieck Oct 1981

Panel Discussion: Ecology And Management Of Prairie Dogs, James L. Stubbendieck

Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop Proceedings

Questions and answers: Monte G. Garrett, Kathleen A. Fagerstone, Greg L. Schenbeck

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Efficacy And Costs Of Four Rodenticides For Controlling Columbian Ground Squirrels In Western Montana, Steven W. Albert, C. Raymond Record Oct 1981

Efficacy And Costs Of Four Rodenticides For Controlling Columbian Ground Squirrels In Western Montana, Steven W. Albert, C. Raymond Record

Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop Proceedings

Efficacy and costs of four rodenticides for the control of Columbian ground squirrels were compared in western Montana. Reductions in surface ground squirrel activity and costs per 100 burrows treated for the various treatments were: 1080 oat groats 99.6%-$3.11, gas cartridges 72.2%-$26.57, strychnine oats 64.2%-$3.06, zinc phosphide cabbage 60.9%-$8.48, zinc phosphide oats 41.3%-$3.15, and strychnine cabbage 14.4%-$9.58. Surface deaths associated with 1080 amounted to 2.35 ground squirrels per 100 burrows treated. Above ground death rates for the remaining treatments were negligible or nonexistent for both target and non-target species. One white-footed deer mouse was found dead on the strychnine cabbage …

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Criteria For Pesticide Registration, John R. Beck, William B. Jackson Oct 1981

Criteria For Pesticide Registration, John R. Beck, William B. Jackson

Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop Proceedings

Satisfactory criteria for registration of vertebrate pesticides, other than for commensal rodents, are largely lacking. Even those that are available have not made their way fully through the bureaucratic processes of EPA. Recognizing the difficulty of standardizing pesticide registration, EPA in 1973 requested that the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) consider establishing a committee on pesticides for the purpose of writing consensus standards, guidelines, and practice statements. The resulting committee of more than 400 biological scientists and chemists from academia, industry, and regulatory agencies has prepared standards on many phylogenetic areas.

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Urban Vertebrate Pest Management: A Practical Approach, Patricia A. Chamberlain, Milton Caroline, William A. Wright Oct 1981

Urban Vertebrate Pest Management: A Practical Approach, Patricia A. Chamberlain, Milton Caroline, William A. Wright

Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop Proceedings

Urban vertebrate pest management is influenced by a variety of factors. Public perceptions of wildlife limit control specialists in their methods of operation. Population density, costs of operation and timing of control are considered. Suggestions are made for operational mode, methods, baits, traps and disposal. Two new trapping concepts are described and experimental data on attractants are given. Computer-summarized data on urban wild life conflicts from one state (Texas) show that most complaints can be handled by extension methods supplemented with direct control by the public and wild life damage control specialists.

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U.S. Fish And Wildlife Service Coyote Control Research, Guy Connolly Oct 1981

U.S. Fish And Wildlife Service Coyote Control Research, Guy Connolly

Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop Proceedings

This paper reviews recent research by the Denver Wildlife Research Center, Section of Predator Management Research, on chemical and lethal coyote control methods. Steel trap modifications, aerial shooting, den hunting, the M-44 (spring-loaded sodium cyanide ejector), toxic and nontoxic baits, the toxic collar, other livestock-borne toxicants, development of new toxicants, and aversive conditioning with lithium chloride are discussed. No new, lethal coyote control method has been implemented into practical use over the past decade, but toxic baits and den hunting were lost or banned from use in the Federal-Cooperative Animal Damage Control Program. One new technique, the toxic collar, may …

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Status Of The Environmental Protection Agency's Review Of Rodenticides, William C. Dickinson Oct 1981

Status Of The Environmental Protection Agency's Review Of Rodenticides, William C. Dickinson

Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop Proceedings

The EPA is currently conducting RPAR reviews on two widely used rodenticides, strychnine and Compound 1080. In addition, Registration Standards have been developed for the rodenticides warfarin and Fumarin®. The Zinc Phosphide Standard is currently under development. The author briefly explains the factors the Agency has been taking into account in reaching final resolution on these chemicals as well as outlining EPA's re-registration and RPAR programs.

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Prairie Dog Dispersal In Wind Cave National Park: Possibilities For Control, Monte G. Garrett, William L. Franklin Oct 1981

Prairie Dog Dispersal In Wind Cave National Park: Possibilities For Control, Monte G. Garrett, William L. Franklin

Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop Proceedings

A study was conducted in Wind Cave National Park, South Dakota, to collect basic information on black-tailed prairie dog (Cynomys ludovicianus) dispersal and to test alternative control techniques. Dispersal occurred during a limited time period in late spring, involved both male and female prairie dogs, and resulted in relatively short movements and poor survivorship. The use of artificial visual barriers to inhibit colony expansion was effective but difficult to apply. The use of diethylstilbestrol as a temporary anti-fertility agent was shown to be an easy and effective method to reduce prairie dog reproduction and decrease colony expansion.

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Animal Damage Control - Now And In The Future, James F. Gillett Oct 1981

Animal Damage Control - Now And In The Future, James F. Gillett

Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop Proceedings

I am pleased to have the opportunity to speak to you today on behalf of the Department of the Interior's Fish and Wildlife Service. I believe animal damage control is an element of a comprehensive wild life management program. It deals with population dynamics, mortality factors, and other management considerations. It is one of a variety of challenges faced by all wildlife managers regardless of whether they are dealing with big game, waterfowl, or even endangered species. Some question the role of, or need for, intensive management of wildlife populations in favor of a "let nature take its course" approach. …

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Bison Depredation On Grain Fields In Interior Alaska, Philip S. Gipson, Jay D. Mckendrick Oct 1981

Bison Depredation On Grain Fields In Interior Alaska, Philip S. Gipson, Jay D. Mckendrick

Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop Proceedings

The reported value of grain damaged by bison (Bison bison) may exceed $100,000 annually in the vicinity of Delta Junction, Alaska. This paper reviews the history and present status of bison and their relations to agriculture around Delta Junction. A number of management options are discussed that may reduce conflicts between bison enthusiasts and farmers.

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Use Of Starlicide To Reduce Starling Damage At Livestock Feeding Operations, James F. Glahn Oct 1981

Use Of Starlicide To Reduce Starling Damage At Livestock Feeding Operations, James F. Glahn

Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop Proceedings

Starling damage at livestock feedlots is discussed and background information is given on the properties of Starlicide® which need to be considered when using this product for control of starlings. A five-step guideline for a starling control program with Starlicide is presented: pre-treatment assessment, collecting information and materials, pre-baiting, baiting strategies with bait containers and broadcast application methods, and post-treatment assessment.

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Reducing Coyote Damage To Sheep With Non-Lethal Techniques, Jeffrey S. Green Oct 1981

Reducing Coyote Damage To Sheep With Non-Lethal Techniques, Jeffrey S. Green

Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop Proceedings

Since 1972, when the U.S. Government restricted uses of toxicants for controlling coyotes, a variety of non-lethal techniques has been tested for effectiveness in protecting livestock. Some were ineffective, but others helped to reduce the incidence of predation on sheep. In addition to sound management practices, electric fencing and livestock guarding dogs appear to have the widest applicability for sheep producers. Mechanical frightening devices have been successful in some fenced pasture sheep operations. As with the lethal methods currently used, non-lethal control does not solve all depredation problems. A combination of various control techniques (both lethal and non-lethal) is necessary …

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Controlling Problem Pocket Gophers And Moles, F. Robert Henderson Oct 1981

Controlling Problem Pocket Gophers And Moles, F. Robert Henderson

Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop Proceedings

Two small mammals, pocket gophers and moles, spend most of their lives underground and can cause a lot of concern and frustration to people above ground. The pocket gopher and mole, while engaging in their daily activities, leave their telltale marks on lawns and gardens, on golf courses, parks, cemeteries, and on alfalfa fields and rangelands. Sometimes they damage irrigation canals and dikes and chew into underground cables. They can also create root damage to young trees.

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