Digital Commons Network^™

Impact Of The Belding’S Ground Squirrel, Spermophilus Beldingi, On Alfalfa Production In Northeastern California, Warren C. Sauer

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 11th (1984)

Throughout the history of agriculture, man has competed with various animal species for the fruits of his labors. During the past 60 years, many research papers have dealt with the impact of field rodents and lagomorphs on agriculture. Damage has been estimated in various ways, from dollar values to cattle unit losses. In an early study, Shaw (1921) attempted to measure the amount of winter wheat loss due to Columbia ground squirrel. Grinnel and Dixon (1918) related ground squirrel damage to forage loss and cattle production.

Several rodent enclosure and exclosure studies have been conducted in an attempt to measure …

Toxic Characteristics Of Fluorocitrate, The Toxic Metabolite Of Compound 1080 , Peter J. Savarie

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 11th (1984)

This paper reviews toxicological research involving fluorocitrate, the toxic metabolite of sodium monofluoroacetate (fluoroacetate), which is the active ingredient in the pesticide Compound 1080. Many toxicological studies have been done with fluoroacetate and the results obtained are actually due to the fluorocitrate because it has been definitely proved that, from a biochemical perspective, fluoroacetate is not toxic but fluorocitrate is. The classical explanation of the toxic action of fluorocitrate is that it inhibits the enzyme aconitase in the tricarboxylic acid cycle. Deactivation of aconitase results in decreased energy production by cells and ultimately death of the organism. However, the more …

Efficacy Of Brodifacoum (Talon) Bait Against Three Rodent Species , Y. Saxena, R.K. Sharma

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 11th (1984)

Brodifacoum was fed to three rodent species, viz., M. hurrianae, R. rattus and F. pennanti, using a no-choice feeding trial for 7 days at various concentrations--0.005%, 0.0025% and 0.00125%. The compound was found effective, palatable, developed no sign of poison bait-shyness but indicated a slight aversion of poison. The death of the animals was due to pulmonary distress and hemorrhage.

Potential Primary And Secondary Hazards Of Avicides, E.W. Schafer Jr.

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 11th (1984)

There are six chemicals or groups of chemicals that are currently registered as avicides that can be used in some or all of the U.S. Most of these chemicals, because of their diverse chemical composition and innate toxicological effects, present somewhat different primary and secondary hazards to avian and mammalian predators and scavengers. Of the chemicals reviewed, all appear to present some degree of primary hazard to non-target birds and mammals; however, PA-14, the Starlicide family of chemicals and fenthion appear to be the least hazardous when used according to use directions. 4-Aminopyridine, endrin and strychnine, because of their high …

A Weather-Resistant Tracking Board, D.S. Shepherd, J.H. Greaves

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 11th (1984)

The main practical limitation of tracking boards for the study of small mammals is that the sensitive surface is very vulnerable to damage by rain or dew. A tracking board is described that is easily prepared for use in the field, is resistant to rain and running water, and is sensitive enough to record the footprints of mice. The literature on tracking board techniques is reviewed briefly.

The Use Of Wild Carnivore Serology In Determining Patterns Of Plague Activity In Rodents In California, Charles R. Smith, Bernard C. Nelson, Allan M. Barnes

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 11th (1984)

Carnivores obtain plague infection through ingestion of infected rodents or rabbits or via flea bite. Most are resistant to infection, show little or no symptoms, and produce antibodies to Yersinia pestis which may persist for several months. Consequently, carnivores can be used as serological plague sentinels using the specific passive or indirect hemagglutination test in the laboratory. A carnivore serology program for plague detection began in California in 1974. The program is a cooperative effort incorporating state and federal vector-borne disease units and state and federal predator animal control personnel. The program has proven to be an important tool in …

Aldehyde Volatiles For Use As Coyote Attractants, Jerry H. Scrivner, Walter E. Howard, Roy Teranishi

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 11th (1984)

This study was designed to evaluate the attractiveness of eight aldehyde volatiles (octanal, nonanal, decanal, undecanal, dodecanal, tridecanal, tetradecanal, and hexadecanal) found in sheep liver extract and coyote (Canis latrans) estrous urine to determine their potential for use as odor attractants in predator control. The odors were presented to captive coyotes at the Hopland Field Station and the length of time coyotes responded to the odors was recorded. Octanal, nonanal, decanal, and undecanal all elicited as much sniffing and rub-rolling as did a known coyote attractant, trimethylammo-nium decanoate (TMAD). Generally male and female coyotes were equally attracted to …

A New Concept In Pocket Gopher Control, Allen D. Tunberg, Walter E. Howard, Rex E. Marsh

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 11th (1984)

A new concept in pocket gopher control is advanced which relies on two behavioral traits common to pocket gophers: 1) gophers are quick to invade unoccupied burrow systems when the previous occupant has been killed by a rodenticide; and 2) the invading animal will use existing food stores (i.e., baits) left by the previous gopher. With long-lasting (i.e., durable) baits containing sufficient toxicant, several pocket gophers can be controlled by a single baiting. This new approach assists in improving gopher control, for control is extended beyond the initial baiting results. Pocket gophers missed in the original treatment or gophers invading …

The White-Eyes Eradication Effort In California, Valerie Van Way

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 11th (1984)

Upon discovery in 1980 in the San Diego area of a feral population of Indian White-eyes (Zosterops palpebrosa palpebrosa), a prohibited species in California, an eradication program was begun by the California Department of Food and Agriculture (CDFA). Mist-netting and shooting proved to be the most successful of the capture methods explored. After three and one-half seasons of retrieval effort and 330 birds taken, fewer than a dozen birds now have been detected in the wild. Within the remainder of the fiscal year, CDFA is conducting intense survey and retrieval. Whether eradication is feasible and applicable to other …

History And Status Of Predator Control In Texas, Dale A. Wade, Donald W. Hawthorne, Gary L. Nunley, Milton Caroline

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 11th (1984)

A historical review of predatory animal damage and the development of the Texas animal damage control (ADC) program is provided, including a discussion of predator species, methods of control and limitations caused by laws, regulations and policies. Recommendations are made for improvements to permit a more comprehensive program with adequate funding, personnel and control methods.

Rodent Control In China, Deng Zhi, Wang Cheng-Xin

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 11th (1984)

Rodent pest problems and their control in China are reviewed. Three commensal species, Rattus norvegicus, R. flavipectus and Mus musculus, are important pests both in urban and rural regions. Mus musculus is the most widely distributed species in China. Its population density is cyclic, unique for a commensal species in being found in the arid Xinjiang (Sinkiang) Autonomous Region in Northwest China. In South China, R. losea and Bandicota indica are serious problems in rice and cane fields. Many different genera of field rodents are considered pests to agriculture and/or are reservoirs of rodent-borne diseases. These include Citellus, Marmota, …

The Prairie Naturalist Volume 16, No. 1. March 1984

The Prairie Naturalist

Paul B. Kannowski, Editor

Nikki R. Seabloom, Assistant Editor

Douglas H. Johnson, Book Review Editor

TABLE OF CONTENTS

MORTALITY OF RACCOONS IN NORTH DAKOTA ▪ E. K. Fritzell and R. J. Greenwood

THE EFFECTS OF MOWING ON THE RODENT COMMUNITY OF A NATIVE TALL GRASS PRAIRIE IN EASTERN NEBRASKA ▪ C. A. Lemen and M. K. Clausen

PARASITES OF FISH FROM THE JAMES AND SHEYENNE RIVERS, JAMESTOWN RESERVOIR COMPLEX, AND LAKE ASHTABULA IN NORTH DAKOTA ▪ M. D. Forstie and H. L. Holloway

LEAD POISONING OF SANDHILL CRANES (Grus canadensis) ▪ R. M. Windingstad, S. M. Kerr, and …

The Probe, Issue 41 - March 1984

The Probe: Newsletter of the National Animal Damage Control Association

The Probe National Animal Damage Control Association
No. 41 March, 1984
MIS (Management Information System - ADC computer reports)
Treasurer Reports
New Year’s Resolutions
Grizzly bears
Predator Symposium
Strychnine: Prairie Dogs
The Audubon Society
National Species of Special Emphasis
Erudite literature
Letters to Ye Ed
Wyoming vs. EPA Again
ADC in British Columbia
Bird repellent
Fur Sales: Wyoming in February

Acute Rodenticides In The Control Of Rodent Pests In China: A Review, Zuwang Wang

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 11th (1984)

In China, the earliest record, "The Book of Song," vividly describes that farmers complained of rodent damage and earnestly hoped rodents did not eat their crops. It will be seen from this that since the spring and autumn period (770-476 B.C.), rats, mice and voles have been among the major problems of China. It is said that there are 400 species of mammals in China and 150 species of them are rodents, of which 25-30 species of rodents are usually considered serious pests. Large amounts of grassland, forests and agricultural crops are destroyed or seriously damaged every year. There is …

The Probe, Issue 40 - February 1984

The Probe: Newsletter of the National Animal Damage Control Association

The Probe National Animal Damage Control Association
No. 40 February, 1984
EPA RPAR* for strychnine
U.S. Patent #833,611 went to a "Humane Mousetrap".
James Watt
Texas Tales
USFWS
HR 2362 to make EPA an independent regulatory body
State laws regarding the transport of guns
Animal Welfare
1080 to be Turned Loose Over the Country
Bear Repellent
Canadian EPA

Las Vegas Wash Multispectral Scanner Survey, T. H. Mace, M. V. Olsen, Environmental Protection Agency

Publications (WR)

At the request of the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation, Boulder City, Nevada, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's Environmental Monitoring Systems Laboratory at Las Vegas collected multispectral scanner imagery of Las Vegas Wash on October 1, 1982. A combined maximum likelihood classification and editing procedure was used to classify the multispectral scanner imagery into 12 categories of land cover. The classification identified four categories of marsh vegetation, one category of riparian, two categories of mixed scrub, and two desert categories. Turbid water and cultivated land formed an "other" category. Area tabulations were formed by georeferencing the classification to the Universal Transverse …

Fisheries Report No 66 - The Fishery For Perth Herring, Nematalosa Vlaminghi (Munro), C F. Chubb, N. G. Hall, R C.J. Lenanton, I. C. Potter

Fisheries Research Reports

Perth herring fishery over the last 30 years have been examined. While there are pockets of catches between Broome and Bunbury, those from the Swan Estuary and nearby inshore marine waters make by far the most important contribution to the fishery. In the Swan Estuary, the catches started rising in the 1950s in response to a demand by the rock lobster industry for bait and reached peak values in the late 1960s and early 1970s. Data are provided which demonstrate that catch per boat is a good index of catch per unit effort (CPUE) in the period since 1967 when …

Central Utah Project, Bonneville Unit: Diamond Fork Power System: Final Environmental Impact Statement, Forest Service; Western Area Power Administration; United States

Elusive Documents

No abstract provided.

Fisheries Report No. 65 - The Amateur Fishery For Marron (Cherax Tenuimanus) In Western Australia - Summary Of Logbook Data 1971-83, N. Morrissy, C. Fellows, N. Caputi

Fisheries Research Reports

The large, native crayfish called marron, Cherax tenuimanus, supports an extensive recreational fishery in the southwest of Western Australia. This report examines annual catch and effort statistics gathered from a Logbook programme, initiated in the 1971/72 season and supplemented by an end of season telephone survey from 1977. Logbook data gave estimates of relative abundance, but were too biased for projection to total catch and effort for the fishery, while telephone surveys gave unbiased estimates of total annual fishing effort (trips)l.

Relative abundance showed a significant decline in the major rivers and the most popular dam (Wellington) over the monitoring …

Fisheries Report No 60 - Amateur Net Fishing Survey Of Two Western Australian South Coast Estuaries In January 1981, D. I. Heald

Fisheries Research Reports

Following the return of the administration of fishing activities in Wellstead estuary and Beaufort Inlet to the Western Australian Government in October 1980, a survey of the amateur net fishing in these two estuaries was undertaken in January 1987, The purpose of the survey was to document usage, species catches and size composition of fish caught in respect of mesh size used and the success rate of amateur net fishermen as compared to their expectation. At the time of the survey, Wellstead estuary had been closed to the sea for 13 months and Beaufort Inlet for 27 months and the …

Fisheries Report No 63 - Assessment Of Artificial Feeds For Battery Culture Of A Freshwater Crayfish, Marron (Cherax Tenuimanus) (Decapoda: Parastacidae), Dr N. Morrissy

Fisheries Research Reports

Performance of juvenile crayfish, 0.1-5 g, on a variety of commercial crustacean feeds was tested under conditions of individual housing ("battery culture"), where sources of additional feed were minimized (detritus), or eliminated (cannibalism) Survival was close, or equal, to 100% over 50 day test periods, a reflection of optimal battery conditions rather than feeding, since survival over 100 days for an unfed (control} group was also 100%. No ecdysiad mortality, or trauma, occurred with crayfish, up to 10g, in compartments of area 75 cm. Growth performance in tests was rated by separate ratios for ecdysial increment and frequency, relative to …

Fisheries Report No 64 - The Western Rock Lobster Fishery 1977 - 1978, R. S. Brown, E H. Barker

Fisheries Research Reports

The fishery for the western rock lobster Panulirus cygnus is one of the most important single fisheries in Australia and an important export earner for the State. The fishery is governed by a complex set of regulations which have been reviewed by Bowen (1971) and which are designed to limit the total fishing effort to acceptable levels and to enforce a legal minimum size. It is thus important to constantly monitor the state of the fishery both to ensure that the effort is remaining within the accepted limits and that the regulations are adequately performing their function of maintaining reasonably …

Fisheries Report No 67 - The Western Rock Lobster Fishery 1978 - 1979, R. S. Brown, E H. Barker

Fisheries Research Reports

The fishery for the western rock lobster Panulirus cygnus is one of the most important single fisheries in Australia and an important export earner for the State. Western Australia produced a record 11 388 tons in 1978/79, out of a total Australian catch of rock lobster of 15 400 tons. The fishery is governed by a complex set of regulations which have been reviewed by Bowen (1971) and Hancock (1981) and which are designed to limit the total fishing effort to acceptable levels and to enforce a legal minimum size. It is thus important to constantly monitor the state of …

Soil Conservation Research In New South Wales And Its Significance To Research On Water Erosion In Western Australia, D J. Mcfarlane

Resource management technical reports

No abstract provided.

Fisheries Report No 62 - The Commercial Fisheries Of Temperate Western Australian Estuaries: Early Settlement To 1975, R C.J. Lenanton

Fisheries Research Reports

This report provides a quantitative description of the commercial estuarine fisheries of temperate Western Australia. An account is given of the Long series of historical events which influenced the development of the fisheries and led to their current status. All available catch and effort data covering the years 1898 - 1975 are presented. The use of this long series of historical catch and effort data as an aid to the management of the estuarine fisheries resources is discussed. It is emphasised that interpretations of these data cannot be undertaken effectively without a knowledge of factors such as Life history strategies, …

Geohydrology Of The High Plains Aquifer In Parts Of Colorado, Kansas, Nebraska, New Mexico, Oklahoma, South Dakota, Texas, And Wyoming, Edwin D. Gutentag, Frederick J. Heimes, United States Geological Survey, Richard R. Luckey, John B. Weeks

United States Geological Survey: Staff Publications

The High Plains aquifer, which underlies about 174,000 square miles in parts of eight states, is the principal source of water in one of the Nation's major agricultural areas. About 170,000 wells pump water from the aquifer to irrigate about 13 million acres in the High Plains. In 1978, the United States Geological Survey began a regional study of the High Plains aquifer to provide geohydrologic data and computer models of the aquifer needed to evaluate the effects of ground-water development. This report describes the geohydrology of the High Plains aquifer. The High Plains aquifer consists mainly of hydraulically connected …

The Historical Development Of The Yakima-Tieton Irrigation District And Its Present Effect On Life In The Area Encompassing The District, Werner E. Lemke

All Graduate Projects

Irrigation played a very important role in the development of the Yakima Valley as we know it today. The Yakima-Tieton Irrigation District was chosen to show how an irrigation system functions and the part it plays on the lives of the plants, animals and people in its area. A brief historical study of the Tieton Division of the Yakima Project was made. The construction of the Tieton Unit was studied. A slide lecture with an accompanying tape was developed to acquaint junior high school students with the purpose, function and affects of the Yakima-Tieton Irrigation District.

Research Objectives In Vertebrate Pest Control, A J. Oliver

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

The European rabbit, introduced into Australia in 856 by an early settler for hunting, caused massive losses to agricultural production in Western Australia in 1940s and 1950s.

In those years most of the country's recources and efforts allocated to vertebrate pest problems were aimed at controlling this animal.

Research and control measures by Commonwealth and State agencies, including the introduction of myxomatosis, were largely responsible for reducing the rabbit problem to the comparatively minor one it is now.

Today, the Agricultural Protection Board is involved in the control of a much wider range of mammals and birds which cause losses …

Rabbit Kitten Survival In The South-West, D R. King

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

In the South-West of Western Australis reliable winter rains allow the rabbit breeding season to extend through winter and spring, and thus a large number of kittens are produced each year.

Studies on the biology of rabbits at Cape Naturaliste (270 kilometres south-west of Perth) and Chidlow (40 kilometres east of Perth in the Datling Range) have shown that at these sites each doe produces about 30 and 27 kittens respectively a year. If all these youg rabbits survived, there would be a 15-fold increase in numbers. Within a short time the State would be covered "wall to wall" by …

Rabbits North Of Carnarvon, D R. King

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

In Westeern Australia rabbits are mainly a pest along the south-western coastal parts of the State, but there are populations north of the Tropic of Capricorn. Rabbits after crossing the Nullarbour plain from South Australia and colonising the South-West of the State, were reported to have reached the west coast near Geraldton by 1912 and then spread northwards.

There is little information on the biologhy of rabbits in the northan parts of their range, but pastoralists in some areas are concerned about erosion and damage to vegetation on their stations when rabbits reach high numbers.

The Agricultural Protection Board undertook …