Digital Commons Network^™

Adc Guarding Dog Program Update: A Focus On Managing Dogs, Jeffrey S. Green, Roger A. Woodruff

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 14th (1990)

One hundred dogs were placed with sheep producers in Idaho, Oregon, Washington, and Wyoming during summer 1987 through summer 1988 as part of the APHIS-ADC livestock guarding dog program. Mortality as of February 1990 from culling and accidents is 39% and was evenly split between the first and second year of life. The 60 dogs currently working were rated as follows: 78% good, 12% fair, and 10% poor. All dogs rated good or fair were judged to have reduced predation or helped to keep predation minimized. Success of the dogs was breed-related but did not differ between pasture and rangeland …

Rodents As A Food Source, Lynwood A. Fiedler

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 14th (1990)

Rodents, one of several kinds of vertebrates included in the human diet, are very suitable as human food. More than 71 genera and 89 species of rodents, mostly hystricomorphs, have been consumed by man. Some have even been domesticated for private or commercial production of food for human consumption. Rodents in the temperate world serve only as a supplement to the regular diet of humans; but in the tropical world, they are widely accepted and a popular source of protein. Although harvesting field rats for human food is beneficial, it is not an effective pest control strategy. Consuming rodents in …

The Human Element In Wildlife Damage Situations, Ron J. Johnson

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 14th (1990)

The field of prevention and control of wildlife damage is changing and evolving along with clientele needs, pressures from user and non-user groups, and other factors. A theoretical overview of the field may offer an action model regarding changing trends and potential responses. I propose that three things happen every time a wildlife damage problem occurs: 1) A human activity, desire, or need is interfered with, 2) the experience fosters an opinion about a wild animal - usually negative, and 3) a decision is made to tolerate the situation or to control it. If control is selected, availability and effectiveness …

Rabies Control For Urban Foxes, Skunks, And Raccoons, Richard C. Rosatte, Michael J. Power, Charles D. Macinnes, Kenneth F. Lawson

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 14th (1990)

Rabies is currently enzootic in many cities of southern Ontario. The Ministry of Natural Resources is utilizing two different tactics for the control of rabies in urban wildlife rabies vectors-oral immunization with baits (foxes) and vaccination by injection following live-capture (skunks and raccoons). Between 47 and 79% of the skunks and 61 and 76% of the raccoons were captured and vaccinated (Imrab) in a 60-km2 urban area of Metropolitan Toronto during 1987, 1989. Only three cases of rabies in skunks have been reported since control began in 1987. Population increases of 120% for skunks and 40% for raccoons were noted …

Exclusionary Methods And Materials To Protect Plants From Pest Mammals--A Review, Rex E. Marsh, Ann E. Koehler, Terrell P. Salmon

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 14th (1990)

Protecting individual plants or small clumps of plants with some type of protective material or device represents a positive nonlethal approach to damage prevention that is often much less expensive than fencing an entire garden or crop or netting over the entire area to prevent damage by such species as deer (Odocoileus spp.), rabbits (Lepus spp., Sylvilagus spp.), and ground squirrels (Spermophilus spp.). This review article does not include fencing or the netting or screening of entire crops, which are subjects unto themselves.

Tree trunk guards or protectors include commercial tree wraps and other materials affixed directly …

Use Of Alpha-Chloralose To Remove Waterfowl From Nuisance And Damage Situations, Paul P. Woronecki, Richard A. Dolbeer, Thomas W. Seamans

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 14th (1990)

From 1988 through early 1990 alpha-chloralose (A-C) was successfully used in the United States to immobilize and remove 70 Canada Geese (Branta canadensis), 315 mallard, domestic and hybrid ducks (Anas platyrhynchos), and 348 coots (Fulica Americana) from 17 commercial and residential sites including golf courses, pools, and ponds. Field trials and baiting techniques with bread and corn are described. The optimum dose of A-C for geese, ducks, and coots, using orally administered bread and corn baits, was about 20-30 mg/kg. We are currently pursuing registration of A-C as a bird control chemical with the …

Frightening Methods And Devices/Stimuli To Prevent Mammal Damage-- A Review, Ann E. Koehler, Rex E. Marsh, Terrell P. Salmon

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 14th (1990)

Various frightening stimuli, primarily visual and acoustic, have been used to prevent or alleviate damage by depredating mammals (e.g., deer (Odocoileus spp.), raccoons (Procyon lotor), tree squirrels (Sciurus spp.), coyotes (Canis latrans). Frightening methods are most appropriate for use where a crop or situation needs protection from pest mammals for only a period of a few days or weeks. The ability of animals to habituate to such stimuli limits their long-term usefulness. Against nocturnal species, various types of lights and noisemakers are the most useful. Combining acoustic and visual stimuli can enhance effectiveness, while …

Communal Starling Roosts: Implications For Control, Donald F. Caccamise

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 14th (1990)

Roosting behavior is common to most avian pests of agriculture. Movements from highly aggregated distributions in roosts to highly dispersed distributions on foraging grounds determine pattern and severity of avian pest problems. This research seeks an understanding of how roosting behavior influences the dispersion of avian agricultural pests and the damage they cause. My focus is on why birds form communal roosts and how communal roosting influences the selection of foraging sites. I document patterns of roosting behavior in European starlings (Sturnus vulgaris) through population level studies, followed by analysis of individual behavior using radio telemetry. Starlings maintain …

Differential Toxicity And Taste Aversion To Strychnine Of Three Subspecies Of The California Ground Squirrel (Spermophilus Beecheyi), Walter E. Howard, Stephen D. Palmateer, Rex E. Marsh

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 14th (1990)

Three subspecies of the California ground squirrel (Spermophilus beecheyi) were studied. In the first test of Experiment 1, Beechey (S. b. beecheyi), Douglas (S. b. douglasii), and, for comparative purposes, Sierra (S. b. sierrae) ground squirrels were each offered a drinking tube containing one of three H₂0 solutions of strychnine sulfate (0.01, 0.05, or 0.5%) after being deprived of water for 23 hr. In Test 2 the survivors of Test 1 were offered for 24 hr a free choice of distilled water and two of the above concentrations of strychnine …

The Use Of Rainfall Patterns In Predicting Population Densities Of Multimammate Rats, Mastomys Natalensis, H. Leirs, R. Verhagen, W. Verheyen

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 14th (1990)

During 3 years we studied a population of multimammate rats, Mastomys natalensis (Smith 1834), in Morogoro, Tanzania. Data were collected in both removal and capture-recapture schemes. We present evidence that patterns of growth and reproduction were related to onset and abundance of rains. This partially explains differences in densities. Additionally, we investigated available literature data and related them with climatological data. A scenario is presented which enables us to predict how densities of multimammate rats may evolve in the following year and whether there will be a risk of outbreaks. The use and implications of this scenario in planning control …

Assessment Of Bird Damage To Early-Ripening Blueberries In Florida, Curtis O. Nelms, Michael L. Avery, David G. Decker

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 14th (1990)

Bird damage to early-ripening Florida blueberries was estimated to be approximately 17% in 1988 (2 sites) and ranged from 17% to 75% in 1989 (3 sites) when a late winter freeze severely reduced expected yield. Monetary loss due to bird damage in 1989 may have exceeded $4500/ac at one site. In Florida, birds appear to have a significant impact on the early season fresh market blueberry industry. The problem is likely to worsen as the planting of high-value, early-ripening varieties spreads to other parts of the state and ripening times overlap with wintering frugivorous birds.

Registration Status Of Vertebrate Pesticides With Emphasis On 1080 And Strychnine, Steve D. Palmateer

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 14th (1990)

A review of currently registered vertebrate pesticides is reported with by far the major weight given to strychnine and 1080. The author searched the Agency's label files and has listed most of those pesticides that have claims against at least one vertebrate animal.

Rancher Use Of Livestock Protection Collars In Texas, Murray T. Walton

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 14th (1990)

With U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's approval of certification and training of sodium monofluoroacetate (Compound 1080) Livestock Protection Collar applicators by the Texas Department of Agriculture in April 1988, use of collars by ranchers was made possible. This paper presents data from 1988 and 1989 on use of Livestock Protection Collars to protect domestic sheep and goats subject to coyote (Canis latrans) predation. Information concerning coyote puncture of collars, loss of collars to other factors, and targeting strategies used by ranchers are discussed. Success of collar use is compared to other predator control methods used by ranchers.

Nitrate Concentrations Of Ground Water From Limestone And Dolomitic Aquifers In The Northeastern Washington County Area, Arkansas, Kenneth F. Steele, William K. Mccalister

Arkansas Water Resources Center Technical Reports

The Ozark Region of Arkansas is a major poultry-producing area of the United States. Large quantities of poultry waste are spread as fertilizer on thin soils of pastureland overlying limestone and dolomitic aquifers. Because these aquifers provide domestic water supplies for the rural population and are susceptible to contamination from surface water, there is concern that nitrate leached from poultry litter is polluting the ground water. In response to this concern, well water from a major poultry-producing area was compared with that from a forested area in the northeastern Washington County area, Arkansas. Although nitrate concentration of the well water …

The Future For Recreational Fishing : Issues For Community Discussion., Recreational Fishing Advisory Committtee

Fisheries Management Papers

The West Australian Government has initiated a major review of recreational fishing, and how it may be managed for a productive future. This public discussion paper is the first stage in this vitally important review.

The Development Of A Policy For The Management Of Dingo Populations In South Australia, R. J. Downward, J. E. Bromell

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 14th (1990)

Competing concerns between conservation and sheep-growing interests in South Australia over problems associated with the naturalized dog,Canis familiaris dingo, prompted the development of a policy for the management of this subspecies. The background to the development of this policy is outlined. The policy provides for a compromise between the need to protect the livestock industry while ensuring the continued survival of the dingo as a wildlife species.

The Probe, Issue 100 - March/April 1990

The Probe: Newsletter of the National Animal Damage Control Association

Contents:
Conference Proceedings
APHIS Activity Report
Reading Material
Meetings
Treasury Report
Letters to the Editor
ADC Tips and Tools
ADC-Related News from Around the World
New Products
Editorial
Officers and Board

Survival Of Trout Strains As Affected By Limnological Parameters, Wayne A. Wurtsbaugh, Timothy Modde, Chris Luecke, Cheryl Courtney

Watershed Sciences Faculty Publications

Juvenile rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss. (ca. 80 mm S.L.) stocked into mid-elevation reservoirs in Utah are vulnerable to predation from piscivorous fish and birds. I determined how effectively juvenile trout used cover to avoid these predators by using direct observations (snorkel transects) on habitat selection in two reservoirs. Observations of juvenile trout were conducted within five weeks of stocking in 1988 and 1989. During the day juvenile trout were abundant in complex inshore habitats. Juvenile trout actively fed during the day but the time of peak feeding was variable. Large Daphnia made of > 95% of the diet of juvenile trout. …

Trophic Interactions Between Fish And Invertebrates In Bear Lake, Utah-Idaho, Wayne A. Wurtsbaugh, Charles P. Hawkins

Watershed Sciences Faculty Publications

An intensive study of the limnology, invertebrates and fishes of Bear Lake was conducted in 1987 in order to define the productivity and food web of the community. Limno10gica1 parameters and invertebrates were measured at approximately monthly intervals while fish distribution and feeding was analyzed in February, June, August, and October. Samples were collected at three to eight stations along a transect running from the shallow littoral area on the west side of the lake, to the deep profundal zone.

Beaver Lake Water Quality Monitoring Plan, Kenneth W. Carter, George Losak, Kenneth Steele, Joel Cahoon, Dwayne Edwards, Tommy C. Daniel, Richard Meyer, Dee Mitchell

Arkansas Water Resources Center Technical Reports

The Beaver Lake basin is located in Northwest Arkansas, and includes portions of Washington, Madison, Benton, Carroll and Franklin counties. The White River is the :major tributary to Beaver lake, with minor tributaries including the Middle and West Forks of the Whi 1:e River, Richland Creek and War Eagle Creek. The basin encompassing 1,186 square miles of drainage area provides a usable storage capacity of 1.22 :million acre-feet, 300,000 of which are designated as flood control, the remainder is utilized for power generation and water supply. Beaver Lake is the water source for both the Beaver and Carroll County Water …

Boreal Toad In Clear Creek County, Colorado, Richard M. Engeman, Robert W. Connell

United States Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services: Staff Publications

Many amphibian populations worldwide have experienced recent population declines (e.g. Barinaga 1990). Included among these are declines for the boreal toad (Bufo boreas boreas) in the central Rocky Mountains (Corn et al. 1989; Stolzenburg 1989). The extent of the population declines is such that boreal toad populations in the Rocky Mountains have been included on the list of species to be reviewed by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service for Threatened or Endangered status (Federal Register 1989). We report here an additional population site for the boreal toad in Colorado.

Modeling Coastal Landscape Dynamics, Robert Costanza, Fred Hal Sklar, Mary L. White

Institute for Sustainable Solutions Publications and Presentations

Examines methods used to predict the way ecological systems respond to human modifications. Coastal marshes; Process-based dynamic spatial ecosystem simulation models; Coastal ecological landscape spatial simulation model; Scenario analysis.

The Kinetics And Mechanism Of Photo-Oxidation Of Acrylonitrile And Acetonitrile With Hydrogen Peroxide And Ozone In Wastewater, Jung-Yuan Yeh

Theses

The study presents three types of Advanced Oxidation Processes , Ozone with UV, Ozone with Hydrogen Peroxide in the presence of UV, Various Hydrogen peroxide dosages and PH levels in the presence of UV.

A reaction kinetic model was proposed. The reaction rate constants and mass transfer coefficients are determined by a series of experiments and the use of the Rosenbrock Hillclimb Optimization Algorithm in conjuction with the Fourth ¬Order Runge - Kutta method on a digital computer.

Experimental results indicated that the Hydrogen peroxide with UV at low PH level has been proven more effective for the treatment of …

Degradation Of Refractory Organic Pollutants In Tar, Water And Soil Matrices By Ozone Or Hydrogen Peroxide With Ultraviolet Light, Liang-Jiun Uang

Theses

The objective of this research is to develop a method to degrade refractory Tar materials, higher molecular weight 3-5 ring Poly Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAH's) or degrading these highly refractory PAH structures so that they are amenable to further treatment by biological or chemical methods. The process utilized to achieve this is to treat contaminated soils or tar materials with hydrogen peroxide or ozone plus ultraviolet light. Analysis of 27 specific PAH's was done by gas chromatograph (Flame Ionization Detection) for the reactants and products. The contaminated soil showed significantly lower levels of these PAH's after treatment.

A Resource Inventory And Impact Analysis Of Great Bog And The Horse Point Delta/Esker System, Problems In Environmental Science Course (Biology 493), Colby College, Biologists Organized For Ecosystem Assessment, Colby College

Colby College Watershed Study: Other Area Studies

In May of 1990, Tilcon-Maine, Inc. submitted an application to mine gravel on the east side of Horse Point Road on Horse Point in the Town of Belgrade. The project site covers 46 acres and the proposed excavation covers 16 acres. An estimated 740,000 cubic yards of material will be removed over a period of six or seven years (Pfister, pers. comm.). According to Tilcon (Timson et al., 1990) the maximum depth of the pit will be 78 feet and the bottom of the pit will be a minimum of 6 feet above the water table. At the present time …

Shelterbelts: A Buffer To Climate On The Plains, James R. Brandle

School of Natural Resources: Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

An Outline Of China's Natural Resources Law, Gu Xueting, University Of Colorado Boulder. Natural Resources Law Center

Books, Reports, and Studies

8 p. ; 28 cm

Uncertainty, Politics, And Outer Continental Shelf Development, Robert B. Wiygul, University Of Colorado Boulder. Natural Resources Law Center

Books, Reports, and Studies

15 p. ; 28 cm

Sustainable Agriculture-Benefits For Minnesota, Ron Kroese, Craig Cramer

Journal of the Minnesota Academy of Science

No abstract provided.

The New Materialism: Managing Minnesota's Materials As If Matter Mattered, David Morris

Journal of the Minnesota Academy of Science

No abstract provided.