Digital Commons Network^™

Rattlesnakes (Crotalus Viridis Viridis), Walter E. Howard

Prevention and Control of Wildlife Damage Handbook

Rattlesnakes (Crotalus viridis viridis) are distinctly American serpents. There are 15 species of rattlesnakes in the United States and 25 in Mexico. Rattlesnakes are usually identified by their warning rattle—a hiss or buzz—made by the rattles at the tip of their tails. Rattlesnakes occur only in North and South America and range from sea level to perhaps 11,000 feet (over 3,000 m) in California and 14,000 feet (4,000 m) in Mexico, although they are not abundant at the higher elevations. Young or small species of rodents comprise the bulk of the food supply for most rattlesnakes. When a …

Turtles, James F. Fowler, Jimmy L. Avery

Prevention and Control of Wildlife Damage Handbook

Turtles (Terrapene carolina) occur on all continents except Antarctica. Any permanent body of water is a potential home for turtles. Turtles are seldom a pest to people. Most turtles are not protected by state laws.

Specimen Labels, Scott E. Hygnstrom

Prevention and Control of Wildlife Damage Handbook

This section contains specimen labels of various products used for controlling wildlife damage. Products included here were selected as examples of registered vertebrate pesticides. Space limitations make it impossible to include labels from every available product. Inclusion of trade names, proprietary products, or company names does not imply endorsement by the University of Nebraska Cooperative Extension, USDA-APHIS-Animal Damage Control, or the Great Plains Agricultural Council. Similarly, no discrimination is intended against products or companies not included. Since pesticide labels change frequently, be sure to obtain, read, and follow current label directions when using any pesticide. Check with appropriate federal and …

Impacts Of Biological Invasions On The Management And Recovery Of Rare Plants In Haleakala National Park, Maui, Hawaiian Islands, Lloyd Loope, Arthur Medeiros

United States National Park Service: Publications

Biological invasions assisted by humans are impoverishing biological diversity worldwide (MacDonald et al. 1989, Diamond 1989). Such invasions are particularly devestating to the biota of oceanic islands such as Hawaii (Williamson 1981, Brockie et al. 1988, Hawaii Department of Land and Natural Resources et al. 1991). Ecosystems of the Hawaiian Islands are much more vulnerable to biological invasions than are continental ecosystems, because the organisms in them have evolved in isolation from many of the forces that have shaped continental organisms, including foraging and trampling by herbivorous mammals, predation by ants and mammals, virulent diseases, and fires (Loope & Mueller-Dombois …

Winter/Spring Population Characteristics Of White-Tailed Deer In An Agricultural/Wetland Complex In Northeastern South Dakota, Brian J. Kernohan

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Habitat preference, cover characteristics of corn, movements, and sexual segregation patterns of white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) were evaluated at Sand Lake National Wildlife Refuge (SLNWR) in winter (January - March) and spring (April - June), 1993 and 1994. An average of 20 radio-collared deer were monitored per season, which resulted in 4, 058 relocations. Habitat preference was assessed using 95 and 50% home range contours that were estimated using an adaptive kernel method. Agricultural crops (i.e., corn [Zea mays], row crops other than corn [e.g., soybeans [Glycine max]], small grains [e. g., wheat [Triticum aestivum]], and alfalfa [Medicago sativa]) were …

Winter Diet And Nutritional Condition Of White-Tailed Deer In The Northern Black Hills, South Dakota, Robert G. Osborn

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Habitat deterioration in the northern Black Hills (NBH) of South Dakota may be responsible for declining white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) population levels (Griffin et al. 1992). Because of the relationship between habitat and nutrition, a two-year research project was initiated in January 1992 to evaluate the physical and nutritional condition of white-tailed deer inhabiting five NBH winter subranges. Habitat variables were measured at 100 random locations on each study area. Pellet groups were collected throughout each study area at two-week intervals during January, February, and March 1992 and 1993. Five female white-tailed deer were collected from each study area in …

A Trophic Gradient Analysis Of Lake Powell: The 1994 Utah State University Aquatic Ecology Laboratory Analyses, Wayne A. Wurtsbaugh, Megan Barker, Ron Brunson, David Fogle, Scott Hawxhurst, Chad Mellison, Lis Phillips, Felipe Queiroz, Daniel Zamecnik

Watershed Sciences Faculty Publications

From 9-11 April, 1994, the Aquatic Ecology Laboratory Class (FW462) of Utah State University sampled the upper reaches of Lake Powell to assess if a trophic gradient existed. We °ampled physical and chemical parameters (temperature, oxygen, conductivity, and total phosphorus), phytoplankton chlorophyll a, littoral and pelagic zooplankton biomass and composition, littoral and profundal benthic invertebrates, and fish abundance measured in the littoral zone (gill nets) and the pelagic zone (hydroacoustics). Data was collected along the upper 50 miles of the reservoir between Bullfrog and the Hite marina near the Colorado River inflow.

Our field trip was done just prior to …

Habitat Selection By Lacustrine Rainbow Trout Within Gradients Of Temperature, Oxygen, And Food Availability, Chris Luecke, D. Teuscher

Watershed Sciences Faculty Publications

Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss [Walbaum]) in Castle Lake, California were concentrated at certain depths during day and evening hours. A fish bioenergetics simulation model based on vertical gradients of temperature, oxygen concentration, and food availability indicated that rainbow trout selected habitats that maximized growth rate. In 1 of the 2 years of study, a strong pattern of diel vertical migration of rainbow trout was evident and was associated with vertical migrations of daphnids in the lake. The simulation model correctly predicted the occurrence and magnitude of fish migration. During the day some trout resided at depths with little potential for …

Effect Of Reservoir Function On Water Quality And Phytoplankton In Lake Taylorville, Christian County, Illinois, Scott Warren Phipps

Masters Theses

As is true for most reservoirs in agricultural areas, Lake Taylorville is currently impacted by excess sedimentation. A system of floodplain wetlands, holding ponds, and sediment basins is being constructed on the tributaries to the reservoir in effort to reduce sediment and nutrient loads. A comprehensive twelve-month assessment of water quality has been conducted to provide a baseline for evaluating the success of this restoration project and to allow predictions regarding future management strategies.

In reservoirs, a continuum of longitudinal gradients result in the establishment of three distinct zones possessing unique physical, chemical and biological properties. The function of these …

Restoration Of Woodland Caribou To The Lake Superior Region, Peter J. P. Gogan, Jean Fitts Cochrane

United States National Park Service: Publications

Woodland caribou (Rangifer tarandus caribou) historically occupied the boreal forest zone across the North American continent. The distribution and abundance of the species has declined in the past century. In particular, it has been extirpated from much of the southern limits of its historical range on both sides of the boundary between Canada and the United States (Bergerud 1974). Translocation of animals from extant populations may be used to reestablish populations in portions of the species' former range. Recently, wildlife biologists in Ontario have translocated woodland caribou to a number of sites in or adjacent to Lake Superior. …

Marine Mammal Studies Supported By The Northeast Fisheries Science Center During 1980-89, Gordon T. Waring, Janeen M. Quintal, Tim D. Smith

United States Department of Commerce: Staff Publications

Marine mammal research supported by the Northeast Fisheries Science Center from 1980 to 1989 is described in the context of four research areas defined retrospectively: (1) ecological roles and habitat requirements, (2) human interactions, (3) optimum sustainable population size, and (4) research planning and archiving. Within each area, contract and in· house projects are grouped into a number of research topics which are based on actual projects completed. Research activities and results, along with the total amount of money spent, are summarized for each topic. The relationship of the research supported over the decade to the recommendations of a research …

Extension And Education Materials For Sustainable Agriculture, Volume 2, James W. King, Charles A. Francis

CARI Extension and Education Materials for Sustainable Agriculture

Extension and Education Materials for Sustainable Agriculture

Curricula in Sustainable Agriculture

Introduction to Curricula in Sustainable Agriculture

Sustainable Agriculture, Agronomy 493/593 Course Outline

Sustainable Agriculture, Agronomy 493/AG*SAT

Principles and Practices of Sustainable Agriculture

Agricultural Ecosystems

Agricultural Ecology

Agroecology

Agricultural Ecology and Sustainability

Alternative Agriculture Curriculum

Sustainable Agriculture (B.S.)

Environment and World Food Production

Issues (Advanced) in Sustainable Agriculture

Crops, Soil, and Civilization, Agronomy 440

Master of Science in Sustainable Systems

Agricultural Ecology

National Curriculum for Sustainable Agriculture

Reshaping Undergraduate and Graduate Education to Include a Whole Systems Emphasis

Sustainable Agriculture Education: A Panel

Impact of Sustainable Agriculture Programs on United.States …

No-Tillage Sowing Decreases Water Erosion On Loamy Soils And Increases Earthworm Activity, Kevin Bligh

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

No-tillage sowing places seed and fertiliser in the soil without loosening all of the topsoil. Soil is cultivated only in the sown rows, leaving the inter-row areas largely undisturbed.

No-tillage sowing reduces both wind and water erosion. Soil structure is generally improved, and pasture regeneration is increased because seed is not buried too deeply for re-establishment.

Two long-term trials were establis_hed on loamy soils to determine effects of tillage and cropping on runoff and soil loss.

Using Saltland In Pakistan : An Australian Connection, Ed Barrett-Lennard, Riaz Qureshi

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

Pakistan and Australia have a common enemy in salt. In each country millions of hectares of previously productive land have been affected by salt (or have the potential to become saline) because of inappropriate agricultural development. Since 1989 the Western Australian Department of Agriculture has participated in a research project in Pakistan which involves revegetation of salt land using Australian shrubs. Early results are very promising.

Tolerance Of Bitter Compounds By An Herbivore, Cavia Porcellus, Dale L. Nolte, J. Russell Mason, Stanley Lewis

United States Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services: Staff Publications

Many plant defensive chemicals are bitter to humans. Because of this taste characteristic, and because bitter compounds are often toxic, such substances, and the plants that contain them, are regarded as generally unpalatable to wildlife. These assumptions may be unwarranted. To test the hypothesis that herbivores are indifferent to 'bitter' tastants, we investigated the responsiveness of guinea pigs (Cavia porcellus) to denatonium benzoate, denatonium saccharide, limonene, L-phenylalanine, naringin, quebracho, quinine, Ro-Pel (a commercial animal repellent containing denatonium saccharide) and sucrose octaacetate. Only quinine and sucrose octaacetate slightly but significantly reduced feeding (P < 0.05). Our findings are inconsistent with the notion that herbivores generally avoid what humans describe as bitter tastes.

Identification Of Tire Leachate Toxicants And A Risk Assessment Of Water Quality Effects Using Tire Reefs In Canals, S. M. Nelson, G. Mueller, D. C. Hemphill, U.S. Bureau Of Reclamation

Publications (WR)

Cover is an important component of aquatic habitat and fisheries management. Fisheries biologists often try to improve habitats through the addition of natural and artificial material to improve cover diversity and complexity. Habitat-improvement programs range from submerging used Christmas trees to more complex programs using sophisticated artificial habitat modules. Used automobile tires have been employed in the large scale construction of reefs and fish attractors in marine environments and to a lesser extent in freshwater and have been recognized as a durable, inexpensive and long-lasting material which benefits fishery communities.

Recent studies by the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation have quantified …

The Near-Shore, Soft-Substrate Bivalves Of The Swan Estuary: An Assessment Of Their Use As Biological Indicators, Graham Bailey

Theses : Honours

The soft-substrate bivalves of the Swan Estuary were evaluated for their suitability as biological indicators. The major requirement of a biological indicator is that a response to changing conditions can be shown. Demonstrating that bivalve community and populations respond to changing environmental conditions within The Estuary would fulfill this criteria. To make this assessment the study conducted a quantitative sampling program which established the current structure of the near-shore soft-substrate bivalve community and this was compared with the community established in 1973-74. To evaluate the predictive potential of bivalve structure as an indicator, major environmental conditions in the Estuary were …

Twenty-Five Year History Of The Kansas Coyote Damage Control Program, F. Robert Henderson

Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop Proceedings

In the 1968 legislative session, an appropriate was made to Kansas State University to hire a predator and rodent control specialist. I was hired for this position on July 1, 1968. During August, 1968, I traveled to Missouri and spent a week working with Mr. Bob Smith, a long-time employee of the Missouri Conservation Department's Extension-Trapper program. He taught me how to teach people to trap coyotes.

State Program In Sotuh Dakota For Wildlife Damge Management, Emmett J. Keyser

Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop Proceedings

In recent years, wildlife professionals have become increasingly more convinced that wildlife-damage programs must be integrated into existing wildlife management structures if both are to succeed in their missions. South Dakota has managed a state-run Animal Damage Control Program through the Department of Game, Fish and Parks since 1974.

Utah State University's Berryman Institute For Wildlife Damage Management, Robert H. Schmidt, Michael R. Conover

Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop Proceedings

In 1990, the College of Natural Resources at Utah State University established a program dedicated to research, education, and extension in wildlife damage management (Schmidt et al. 1992a). This program was initiated with funding from the U. S. Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Animal Damage Control (ADC) program and Utah State University.

Pred-X Field Test Results, R.A. Field, J.E. Nel

Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop Proceedings

During the spring and summer of 1992, a number of sheep producers used Pred-X ear tags to guard against predation by coyotes. We were able to contact 20 of these producers through the help of the Wyoming Wool Growers Association, county agents and companies who sold the tags. Sheep producers in other states also used the tags and we were able to contact 21 of these producers through the cooperation of the American Sheep Industry Association whose representatives printed a short letter and a survey form in the October 1992 National Wool Grower Magazine. Phone calls were made to many …

Status Of M-44 Device, Charles D. Lee

Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop Proceedings

The purpose of this paper is to report on the current status of M-44 (sodium cyanide) capsule and its use. I have included information received from other states and entities that have a registration for M-44s, included some historical information concerning the M-44 program and the current source of supplies.

Methyl Anduanilate Formulations To Repel Birds From Water At Airports And Food At Landfills, Richard A. Dolbeer, Jerrold L. Belant, Larry Clark

Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop Proceedings

Bird strikes to aircraft are of increasing concern to the aviation community (BSCE 1990). One factor contributing to strikes is that gulls and other bird species often flock to temporary pools of fresh water at airports after heavy rains (Blokpoel 1976). Another factor is the location of waste disposal facilities near airports which gulls and other bird species use as a food source (Burger and Gochfeld 1983, Greig et al. 1986). The U.S. Federal Aviation Administration issued Order 5200.5 in 1974 to prohibit waste disposal sites within 10,000 ft (3,000 m) of runways used by turbine-powered aircraft. This order was …

The Evolutionary Relationships Of The Skunks To Each Other And The Rest Of The Weasels; With A Note On Behavioral Idiosyncrasies, Jerry W. Dragoo

Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop Proceedings

I will discuss four aspects of my current research with respect to skunks. The first concerns the recognition and conservation of potentially endangered populations of hog-nosed skunks. The second pertains to the evolutionary relationships among the three genera of skunks, based on genetic data. The third aspect also is based on molecular data, and is a study of the relationship of the skunks to the rest of the Mustelidae (weasels). Finally, I will discuss some of the behavioral idiosyncrasies I have observed in my endeavors to obtain skunk specimens.

Public Perceptions Of Wildlife Encounters In The Omaha, Nebraska, Metropolitan Area, Dennis M. Ferraro, Scott E. Hygnstrom

Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop Proceedings

We conducted this study to determine (1) the occurrence of human-wildlife interaction in the greater Omaha, Nebraska metropolitan area, (2) variations in interactions among urban habitat types, (3) the actions that people take in response to urban wildlife encounters, and (4) information channels that the public in this area uses to gain advice concerning wildlife management. Based on this information we plan to improve assistance criteria, educational materials, and programs relative to urban audiences.

Bears, Ostriches, And Specialized Grazing: Putting Guanding Dogs To Work, Jeffrey S. Green, Roger A. Woodruff

Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop Proceedings

In this paper, we highlight three examples of using guarding dogs that, for various reasons, are somewhat different from the typical sheep-predator scenario.

Prospects For The Future In Animal Damage Control, Donald Hawthorne

Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop Proceedings

I am pleased to be here to address a subject that is very special to many of us, one to which I have devoted my entire career. Animal damage control is a controversial component of wildlife management. In the late 1960's and early 70's, many wildlife practitioners tried to divorce themselves from animal damage control activities. In recent years, however, management of wildlife damage is viewed by many as a vital and integral part of wildlife management, whether to protect human interests and safety or to save an endangered species.

Prairie Vole Damage Control In No-Till Corn And Soybean, Ron A. Hines

Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop Proceedings

The prairie vole (Microtus ochragaster) is the primary rodent that reduces no-till crop plant stands in Southern Illinois. Because the vole requires a full canopy cover for protection from predators, established grass or legume sod fields and field borders (including wheat or rye stubble, set-aside and cover crop seedings) provide an ideal habitat for the development of a very high population of this rodent. In fields that have had the vegetative cover maintained for more than one year prior to planting no-till corn, plant stand reductions can reach 80 to 100 percent in intense (more than 30 per …

A Bigger Piece Of Your Pecan Pie, J. Grant Huggins

Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop Proceedings

This video summarizes this research for application by pecan growers and animal damage control agents. It gives insight into growers' perceptions of the problem, estimates of losses, and options for management. Specifically, it discusses hunting, habitat modification, fencing, and trapping. Single copies (VHS only) of the video are available free by contacting the author.

Field Evaluation Of Three Strychnine Concentrations For Controlling Townsend's Pocket Gophers, George H. Matschke, Geraldine R. Mccann, Heather W. Krupa, John O'Brien

Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop Proceedings

Among requirements for the reregistration of strychnine, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) requires efficacy data from strychnine paste-alfalfa baits prepared with strychnine alkaloid paste (NV 830009). The EPA reviewed the data originally submitted by the state of Nevada for registering this strychnine alkaloid paste label and determined that more field efficacy data were needed to maintain the current registration. Therefore, additional efficacy data for strychnine paste-alfalfa baits on Townsend's pocket gopher (Thomomys townsendi) was requested from the state of Nevada.