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Immunocontraception As A Tool For Controlling Reproduction In Coyotes, Lowell A. Miller

Coyotes in the Southwest: A Compendium of Our Knowledge (Symposium Proceedings, 1995)

The development of immunocontraception as a tool for population management of coyotes (Canis latrans) and reduction of coyote predation may provide an environmentally safer alternative to pesticides. Because they are proteins, immunocontraceptive vaccines do not persist in the environment or bioaccumulate in the food chain. The National Wildlife Research Center (NWRC) will examine the effects (immunological, hormonal and behavioral) of treating penned coyotes with 2 immunocontraceptive vaccines: porcine zona pellucida (PZP) and gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH). Initial studies will be conducted using traditional subcutaneous injections; however, the goal IS to develop an orally-deliverable immunocontraceptive vaccine as an alternative …

Managing For Coyotes To Enhance Waterfowl Production: An Alternative Perspective, Terry A. Messmer

Coyotes in the Southwest: A Compendium of Our Knowledge (Symposium Proceedings, 1995)

The Prairie Pothole Region (PPR) of North America produces about half of the continent's duck population. Predation on hens, young, and eggs severely impacts duck production In the region decreasing fall flights. Recent studies conducted in the region suggest that management efforts to increase duck production need to consider both habitat and predator effects. Research indicates that managing on the landscape level to protect coyotes in sufficient numbers to exclude red foxes should be encouraged in PPR areas suitable for duck production and where the risks of damage to domestic livestock and other wildlife species are minimal.

Coyotes In The Rolling Plains Of Texas, Wyman P. Meinzer

Coyotes in the Southwest: A Compendium of Our Knowledge (Symposium Proceedings, 1995)

Coyotes (Canis latrans) in the Rolling Plains region of Texas have experienced several factors in the last 40 years that may have possibly influenced population dynamics and feeding niche. The 3 most important changes were (a) the demand for coyote pelts during the 1970s, (b) a region-wide growth of the stocker cattle industry and (c) the increasing incidence of sarcoptic mange. The availability of stocker cattle carcasses may be providing a source of dependable food during a previously stressful period, thus inflating coyote survival and abundance superficially relative to traditional cow/calf ranching areas Sarcoptic mange has been present …

Photographing Coyotes, Wyman P. Meinzer

Coyotes in the Southwest: A Compendium of Our Knowledge (Symposium Proceedings, 1995)

Wildlife photography has become an increasingly popular hobby over the last 10 years. Coyotes (Canis latrans) are among the more difficult animals to photograph under natural field conditions (i.e. in the wild). For studying and photographing coyotes behaving routinely, I recommend the use of a draw station (i.e. cow carcass) and a blind that will all low relatively close inspection of coyote interactions.

Coyotes In Urban Areas: A Status Report, Jan E. Loven

Coyotes in the Southwest: A Compendium of Our Knowledge (Symposium Proceedings, 1995)

Coyotes (Canis latrans) occur within the city limits of most urban areas in Texas, and the Incidence of human X coyote interactions appears to be increasing in recent years. The major damage caused by coyotes in urban areas has been depredation on pets (primarily) and to other animals (e.g. ducks). Direct control of such problem coyotes is often hampered by city/state regulations and/or concern from local officials about negative publicity.

Coyote Population Processes Revisited, Frederick F. Knowlton, Eric M. Gese

Coyotes in the Southwest: A Compendium of Our Knowledge (Symposium Proceedings, 1995)

It appears that coyote (Canis latrans) abundance is determined primarily by availability of food (prey) as mediated through social dominance hierarchies and a territorial land tenure system. This is reflected in rates of reproduction, dispersal, and mortality, with survival of juveniles a major factor. Suggestions for a new generation of simulation models to explore coyote population functions are included.

Effects Of Coyote Control On Their Prey: A Review, Scott E. Henke

Coyotes in the Southwest: A Compendium of Our Knowledge (Symposium Proceedings, 1995)

Coyotes (Canis latrans) are often removed from an area because of their predatory nature, regardless of the effect such removal may have on the ecosystem. Research results concerning ecosystem changes due to coyote removal appear ambiguous; however, differing lengths of coyote control can produce different results. Short-term coyote removal efforts (≤ 6 months) typically have not resulted in increases in the prey base; however, long-term, intensive coyote removal reportedly has altered to alter species composition within the ecosystem.

Techniques For Estimating Coyote Abundance, Scott E. Henke, Fred F. Knowlton

Coyotes in the Southwest: A Compendium of Our Knowledge (Symposium Proceedings, 1995)

Knowledge of coyote abundance is needed to make intelligent management decisions Several methods have been devised to enumerate coyote (Canis latrans) population size. We review several techniques and attempt to identify biases associated with each method. Once biases are understood, recommendations can be made to minimize their impact on data collection processes and yield better estimates of coyote population trends.

Coyotes: A Sheep And Goat Rancher's Perspective, Ellis Helmers

Coyotes in the Southwest: A Compendium of Our Knowledge (Symposium Proceedings, 1995)

When asked their views about coyotes and coyote damage, the words used by producers to describe their perspectives and comments are less than kind. It is difficult for a producer to find anything good to say about an animal that has cost him so much.

Prescribed Coyote Control To Develop An “Open Window Policy” For Enhancing Deer Survival, Tommy L. Hailey

Coyotes in the Southwest: A Compendium of Our Knowledge (Symposium Proceedings, 1995)

Management of white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) holds a high priority on many Texas ranches today The use of prescribed aerial control of coyotes to increase white-tailed deer productivity may provide wildlife managers with an economical management tool. I describe two case studies of ranches in the Lower Rolling Plains where prescribed coyote control has increased the deer herds.

Predation Impacts And Management Strategies For Reducing Coyote Damage To Cattle, Rickey L. Gilliland

Coyotes in the Southwest: A Compendium of Our Knowledge (Symposium Proceedings, 1995)

Loss of cattle to predators influences productivity of many livestock operations. Statistics indicate that coyote (Canis latrans) predation is a principle threat. Impacts to livestock resources by coyotes are appraised. Implementation of control strategies which capitalize on coyote dispersion and social interactions are discussed. Predator management to reduce livestock losses and promote a younger age structure in coyotes is suggested as a long term solution.

Estimating Livestock Losses, Charles Drain

Coyotes in the Southwest: A Compendium of Our Knowledge (Symposium Proceedings, 1995)

Most information published by the Texas Agricultural Statistics Service (TASS) is based on data gathered through a system of Sample Surveys. TASS regularly surveys sampled farms and ranches and agricultural businesses m order to make statistical inference (estimates) for a total population. The alternative to using a sample survey would be to make a complete enumeration or count of the entire population. Both cost and timely results favor the survey approach. This discussion is an attempt to explain the concepts and sampling methods TASS employs in conducting basic surveys, for both inventory and death loss data for cattle, sheep and …

Lethal Options For Controlling Coyotes, John W. Dorsett

Coyotes in the Southwest: A Compendium of Our Knowledge (Symposium Proceedings, 1995)

Lethal control methods are required to stop coyote depredation or to reduce the coyote population in an area. Various lethal control options are available, including traps, snares, shooting, denning and toxicants. The effectiveness, selectivity, and specificity of each method should be considered before being utilized. Each method requires varying degrees of skill and experience to be made effective. Usually a combination of control methods is most effective in coyote control situations.

The Effects Of Control On Coyote Populations: Another Look, Guy E. Connolly

Coyotes in the Southwest: A Compendium of Our Knowledge (Symposium Proceedings, 1995)

Population dynamics models are useful for estimating coyote (Canis latrans) population responses to exploitation w well as to hypothetical birth intervention techniques At least 6 coyote simulation models have been developed over the past 25 years. This paper reviews the model developed by Connolly and Longhurst (1975), and identifies some potential improvements based upon new biological information and modem computing technology. The biological concepts embodied in the Connolly–Longhurst (C–L) model seem as valid In 1995 as they were in 1975. Newer studies have tended to reaffirm rather than revise earlier concepts of coyote population mechanics. One significant shortcoming …

The Coyote's Role In A Rabies Epizootic, Keith A. Clark, Pamela J. Wilson

Coyotes in the Southwest: A Compendium of Our Knowledge (Symposium Proceedings, 1995)

In 1994, the canine rabies epizootic in South Texas was declared a state health emergency; a statewide rabies quarantine was enacted in 1995. Prior to 1988, rabid coyotes (Canis latrans) were reported only infrequently in Texas. In 1988, Stan and Hidalgo Counties, located In extreme South Texas, experienced an epizootic of canine rabies resulting in 11 laboratory-confirmed cases of canine rabies in domestic dogs and 6 cases in coyotes. By 1991, the epizootic had expanded approximately 100 miles north of the US–Mexico border and included 10 counties. During the next 3 % years, 10 additional counties became involved …

Management Of Coyotes For Pronghorn?, S. Kemble Canon

Coyotes in the Southwest: A Compendium of Our Knowledge (Symposium Proceedings, 1995)

Coyotes (Canis latrans) and pronghorn (Antilocapra americana) have co-existed for thousands of years, but in today's production-oriented society the Pronghorn may need some help periodically. Although pronghorn numbers have rebounded dramatically since the early 20th century, continued management of this species is necessary and may include management of its primarily predator, the coyote. Pronghorn defense mechanisms offer protection from predators, but the coyote's hunting strategies overcome these mechanisms The Trans-Pecos region of Texas holds the greatest numbers of pronghorn In the state. Ranchers in the Trans-Pecos can use predators, such as rainfall; strategies, such as proper …

Interpreting Physical Evidence Of Coyote Predation, James E. Bowns

Coyotes in the Southwest: A Compendium of Our Knowledge (Symposium Proceedings, 1995)

There are situations where it is necessary to determine the cause of death of livestock, game animals, or other wildlife. Criteria used for recognizing predator kills are well known and scientifically documented. These criteria include the attack, killing and feeding behavior of predators as well as the characteristics of their tracks, droppings, and canine teeth size and spacing. Diagnostic criteria for recognizing coyote (Canis latrans), domestic dog, fox (Urocyon cinereoargenteus, Vulpes vulpes), cougar (Felis concolor) , bobcat (Lynx rufus), bear (Ursus spp ), and eagle (mostly Aquila chrysaetos) predation …

Coyote Interactions With Other Carnivores, Terry L. Blakenship

Coyotes in the Southwest: A Compendium of Our Knowledge (Symposium Proceedings, 1995)

Coyotes (Canis latrans) occur sympatrically with several predators throughout their range. Habitat and food resources are similar, although the coyote typically utilizes a wider range of food items. Larger predators generally select larger prey, allowing predators of different sizes to coexist. Coyotes exhibit aggressive actions towards smaller predators, but in most cases they avoid contact with other predator species. Studies indicate that coyotes can exclude 01- displace foxes (Vulpes vulpes, Urocyon spp.), and an inverse relationship exists between abundance of coyotes and foxes. There is evidence suggesting that extensive reduction of coyote populations allows other predator …

Behavior Of Coyotes In Texas, William F. Andelt

Coyotes in the Southwest: A Compendium of Our Knowledge (Symposium Proceedings, 1995)

Coyotes (Canis latrans) live in social groups with relatively small territories or as single, non-territorial transients with large home ranges in southern Texas. Coyotes communicate and establish territories through auditory, olfactory, and visual means They consume mammals, fruits, and insects with their diets reflecting difference sin abundance and vulnerability of prey, effects of plant phenology and weather conditions. Coyotes have adapted to human exploration by avoiding humans and their control techniques. Because coyotes habituate to nonlethal control techniques (e.g. frightening devices), I suggest apply frightening devices only when coyotes are a problem. Lethal techniques likely will be most …

Selected Parameters Of The Reproductive Physiology And Endocrinology Of Coyotes, Max S. Amoss Jr., Connie M. Hodges

Coyotes in the Southwest: A Compendium of Our Knowledge (Symposium Proceedings, 1995)

The development of the reproductive system and the dynamics of reproductive hormones were studied in captive male and female coyotes (Canis latrans). Captive male coyotes exhibited incomplete sexual maturation at the first reproductive season (< 12 months of age). Peak serum testosterone levels in 1-year old males were 50% (300 ± 200 vs. 810 ± 300 pg testosterone/ml) and total sperm production was only 10% (57.4 ± 6.6 vs. 558.8 ± 26 x 10⁶ total sperm) of that observed in males older than 1 year. Yearling males were never observed copulating with a female. The sexual maturation of captive female coyotes was less equivocal than their male counterpart's. The pregnancy rate of yearling females was 40% compared to 63% m older females. Average peak serum LH values at the ovulatory surge were 33 ng/ml in yearling …

13.1.8. Life History And Management Of The Blue-Winged Teal, James H. Gammonley, Leigh H. Fredrickson

Waterfowl Management Handbook

The blue-winged teal is a small dabbling duck that is common in North America and northern South America. The species is highly mobile and has an opportunistic life history strategy. Breeding populations respond to variable wetland conditions in the drought-prone prairie regions of the north-central United States and southern Canada. Extensive habitat loss and degradation has occurred on the prairies and on neotropical wintering areas in recent decades. Renewed interest in the ecology and management of blue-winged teal has resulted from these environmental pressures. We review life history characteristics of blue-winged teal that are important to managers. Readers should consult …

Canadian Cooperative Wildlife Health Centre, Volume 3-3, Winter 1995

Canadian Cooperative Wildlife Health Centre: Newsletters and Publications

Loon Survey to Continue in 1996 on a Fully National Scale
Meet More CCWHC Staff
Waterfowl Die-off in Mexico
Newcastle Disease in Double-crested Cormorants - Summer 1995
The Northward March of Raccoon Rabies - Update
Rabbit Viral Hemorrhagic Disease on the Loose in Australia
Verminous pneumonia in red foxes
Common Loons: Complex Causes of Mortality
Parvovirus in Raccoons
Giardia in Voles
Beluga Whales in the St Lawrence Estuary
Insecticide Poisoning in Robins
Emaciated Great Horned Owls
Parvovirus and Trichinosis in Urban Raccoons
Botulism At Pakowki Lake, 1995
The Case of the Killer Cookies: Apparent Chocolate Poisoning of Gulls
Unusual Mortality …

Effectiveness Of Vegetative Filter Strips In Controlling Losses Of Surface-Applied Poultry Litter Constituents, Indrajeet Chaubey, Dwayne R. Edwards, Tommy C. Daniel, Philip A. Moore Jr., D. Jeff Nichols

Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering Faculty Publications

Vegetative filter strips (VFS) have been shown to have high potential for reducing nonpoint source pollution from cultivated agricultural source areas, but information from uncultivated source areas amended with poultry litter is limited. Simulated rainfall was used in analyzing effects of VFS length (0, 3.1, 6.1, 9.2, 15.2, and 21.4 m) on quality of runoff from fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) plots (1.5 x 24.4 m) amended with poultry litter (5 Mg/ha). The VFS reduced mass transport of ammonia-nitrogen (NH₃-N), total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN), ortho-phosphorus (PO₄-P), total phosphorus (TP), chemical oxygen demand (COD), and total suspended …

The Trophic Gradient In Lake Powell, Wayne A. Wurtsbaugh, G. Steinhart

Watershed Sciences Faculty Publications

From April 21 st to April 25th, 1995 students from Utah State University's FW 462 class sampled the trophic gradient in Lake Powell between Bullfrog (Mile 99) and Hite Marinas (Mile 144). We sampled at 3-12 stations along the gradient, depending on the parameter measured. The purpose of the trip was three-fold. First, the primary objective of the class was to provide field and laboratory experiences in aquatic ecology for the students. Secondly, we wished to provide data on the trophic environment that the endangered razorback sucker larvae from the Colorado River would encounter when the entered the reservoir. Thirdly, …

Snake River Sockeye Salmon Habitat And Limnological Research, David Teuscher, Doug Taki, Wayne A. Wurtsbaugh

Watershed Sciences Faculty Publications

Historically, thousands of Snake River Sockeye salmon returned to the Sawtooth Valley to spawn. Evermann (1896) reported that the Sawtooth Valley Lakes were teeming with red fish. Bjornn (1968) estimated that 4,360 sockeye returned to Redfish Lake in 1955. These numbers no longer exist. In the 1980's, less than 50 . Snake River sockeye salmon survived to spawn (Bowler 1990). Since 1990, only 14 sockeye have returned. Because of recent declines, the Shoshone-Bannock Tribes (SBT) petitioned the National - Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) to list · Snake River sockeye as endangered. As a result, Snake River sockeye were listed and …

Evidence Of Active Dune Sand On The Great Plains In The 19th Century From Accounts Of Early Explorers, Daniel R. Muhs, Vance T. Holliday

United States Geological Survey: Staff Publications

Eolian sand is extensive over the Great Plains of North America, but is at present mostly stabilized by vegetation. Accounts published by early explorers, however, indicate that at least parts of dune fields in Nebraska, Colorado, Kansas, New Mexico, and Texas were active in the 19th century. Based on an index of dune mobility and a regional tree-ring record, the probable causes for these periods of greater eolian activity are droughts, accompanied by higher temperatures, which greatly lowered the precipitationto- evapotranspiration ratio and diminished the cover of stabilizing vegetation. In addition, observations by several explorers, and previous historical studies, indicate …

Conceptual Basis For An Index Of Forest Integrity For Upland Coastal Plain Ecosystems, Nicholas R. Brown, Brian Roy Lockhart, Philip A. Tappe, Lynne C. Thompson, Robert C. Weih Jr., Richard A. Williams

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

Following the recent trend to manage natural resources for "sustainability," ecologists, resource managers and policymakers are beginning to think of the management of forest ecosystems in terms of "ecosystem health" or "ecosystem integrity." Biologists are increasingly recognizing that use of chemical assays in assessing the condition of an ecosystem has limited value, and that biological factors, e.g., species diversity and composition, can be useful characters in the analysis of "biotic integrity." An index of biotic integrity (IBI) has been developed for riverine ecosystems in the Midwest U.S., using fish species diversity, indicator population analysis, trophic structure assessment, and physiological abnormalities …

Arkansas' Wellhead Protection Program, With Discussion Of Delineation Methodology, Robert Cordova, Bobby Makin

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

The Wellhead Protection (WHP) program was authorized by the 1986 Amendments to the Safe Drinking Water Act. The Arkansas Department of Health in July, 1986, was designated by Governor Clinton to be the lead agency in carrying out the WHP program. The program is designed to protect the ground-water resource tapped by public water-supply wells from contaminants which are injurious to the public health. It is the first formal attempt by the federal government in its environmental protection role to prevent contamination from taking place, in contrast to costly clean-up or remediation programs. Among its several requirements, the program includes: …

Reproductive Success Of Grassland Birds At East-Central Illinois Airports, Eric L. Kershner

Masters Theses

We determined the densities and reproductive success of birds on airport grasslands in east-central Illinois. Seven airports were sampled between 10 April and 15 August 1994 in Clark, Coles, Crawford, Douglas, Edgar, Macon and Richland counties. Nineteen species were detected on the airport grasslands and 147 nests were found representing six different species. Eastern meadowlarks (Sturnella magna) were the most abundant nesting species found; 105 out of the 147 nests (71%). Other nesting species included: grasshopper sparrow (Ammodramus savannarum), savannah sparrow (Passerculus sandwichensis), red-winged blackbird (Agelaius phoeniceus), song sparrow (Melospiza melodia) and horned lark (Eremophilia alpestris). Overall nest success was …

Retrospective Study Of The Impact Of Environ Mental Factors On The Occurrence Of Industrial Accidents In The United Arab Emirates Over A Period Of T E N Years (1984 - 1993), Ahmad Sayed Ibrahim Al Hashemi

Accounting Dissertations

Industrial workers are practically exposed to multiple environmental factors causing accidents in work places. A retrospective study of the impact of environmental factors on the occurrence of industrial accidents was conducted during the period 1984-1993 in Dubai and Northern Emirates, to determine the impact of

environmental factors on the incidence, causes of industrial accidents and the types of injuries among workers. Data were collected from the records of accidents registration in the industrial safety department of the Ministry of Labor and Social Affairs in Dubai Emirate. Industrial visits have been conducted to inspect and identify the existing environmental hazards (viz. …