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Frontmatter And Contents

Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop Proceedings

These proceedings consist of 38 presented papers on a variety of subjects relative to the prevention and control of wildlife damage. Subject sessions included: Wildlife Damage Management and the Public, Predators, Rodents, Birds, Programs and Projects, USDA-APHIS-ADC Activities, Professionalism, and General.

Using Telemetry Equipment For Monitoring Traps And Snares, Thomas D. Halstead, Kenneth S. Gruver, Robert L. Phillips, Richard E. Johnson

Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop Proceedings

Specialized radio transmitters were developed for use in monitoring large mammal trap and snare activity. Prototype devices were manufactured by 4 wildlife telemetry companies based on specifications we developed in consultation with electronic engineering personnel. Power outputs from individual transmitters ranged from 10 to 100 milliwatts (mw). Range testing in the gently rolling terrain of northeastern Colorado indicated that ground-tracking distances with truck-mounted dual beam antennas exceeded 40 km. Field tests were conducted using transmitters with traps and foot snares set for coyotes (Canis latrans) in California, black bears (Ursus americanus) in Oregon, and mountain lions …

Plastic Visual Barriers Were Ineffective At Reducing Recolonization Rates Of Prairie Dogs, Scott E. Hygnstrom

Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop Proceedings

Two plastic visual barriers were ineffective in controlling expansion of 7 active black-tailed prairie dog (Cynomys ludovicianus) colonies and recolonization of 7 toxicant-treated sections of colonies. Barriers constructed with Sno-Strap, a 15.2- cm wide band of high-tensile polyethylene plastic, were destroyed by wind action within 3 weeks. Barriers constructed with Tensar® snowfence cost $2.10/m and retained their structural integrity for 3 years with occasional maintenance. Recommendations are provided to increase effectiveness of visual barriers.

Effectiveness Of Squirrel Fencing For Protecting Pecan Groves, Mcalister D. Maxwell, J. Grant Huggins, Clark E. Adams

Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop Proceedings

During 1994, we tested the hypothesis that an energized, high-tensile wire fence prevents fox squirrels (Sciurus niger) from crossing into a pecan (Carya illinoensis) grove. When the fence was energized, we recorded fewer (P = 0.03) trips across the fence by squirrels (n - 19) and fewer (P < 0.001) telemetry fix-points in the pecan grove. Effective squirrel fencing may offer wildlife managers an alternative method of damage prevention. Ecological ramifications to target and non-target species are discussed.

Current Research On Improving Capture Devices For Coyotes, Robert L. Phillips, Kenneth S. Gruver

Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop Proceedings

Nine types of footsnares were tested on captive coyotes (Canis latrans) at the United States Department of Agriculture Predator Research Facility. Preliminary results indicate that the E-Z Lee, Nelson, Freemont, and Godwin leg snares can be effective in restraining coyotes while causing only minor leg injuries. Additional testing will be required to determine the effectiveness of these devices in different field situations. Four types of coyote leg-hold traps were evaluated to determine the injuries they inflict on captured coyotes. The No. 3 1/2 McBride padded trap caused the least injury in comparison to 3 other trap models that …

Wildlife Damage Managers And Euthanasia, Robert H. Schmidt

Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop Proceedings

Wildlife damage managers regularly are faced with decisions that include whether and how animals will be killed. Euthanasia refers to death without pain or distress, i.e., a humane death. The American Veterinary Medical Association has developed guidelines for euthanasia (Andrews et al. 1993). These guidelines affect many of the methods and technologies involved in wildlife damage management. Carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, barbiturates, and gunshots are appropriate methods of euthanizing wildlife when necessary and when applied in the prescribed manner.

An Evaluation Of Oklahoma's Depredation Program For Handling Deer Damage To Agricultural Crops, Michael G. Shaw

Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop Proceedings

A stepwise approach was developed in 1993 to handle agricultural damage complaints caused by white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus). Results from 2 seasons were evaluated to determine the effectiveness of the procedures implemented. Approximately half of the damage complaints received were handled by prescribing non-lethal techniques such as fencing, harassment, and repellents. The remainder of the complaints required 1 or more types of lethal control. Although doe harvest rates were similar under the 2 permit options, Damage Control Assistance Permits (DCAP) provided several distinct advantages over out of season shooting using Depredation Permits (DEPR). The DCAP permits increased hunting …

Feral Hogs In The Rolling Plains Of Texas: Perspectives, Problems, And Potential, Douglas R. Tolleson, William E. Pinchak, Dale Rollins, Leland J. Hunt

Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop Proceedings

Feral hogs (Sus scrofa) have expanded their territory in Texas and are now found in all but the extreme western portions of the state. Perhaps the most dramatic expansion has occurred in the Rolling Plains of northwest Texas. Perspectives on feral hogs range from definitely for to adamantly against. Problems encountered with feral hogs include: (1) damage to crops and livestock, or facilities and equipment, (2) transmission of disease to humans and livestock, or (3) interaction with native wildlife including competition for available resources, depredation and destruction of habitat. The feral hog is also an animal with economic …

Private Beaver Management In Oklahoma, Julianne Whitaker

Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop Proceedings

The Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation (ODWC) estimated the state's beaver (Castor canadensis) population at 1,245 animals in 1951-52. That same year, ODWC relocated 29 beaver from 5 western counties to Department lands in 4 eastern counties. Beaver populations in Oklahoma have since grown as a result of changes in available habitat. In response to the growing number of beavers, ODWC opened an annual beaver season from 1 December to 31 January, in 1960-1961. The season was opened year-round in 1983. Although beaver activities benefit many wildlife species, their activities have had a negative economic impact on the …

Ripening Field Corn Lost To Wildlife In 1993, Alice P. Wywialowski

Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop Proceedings

Ripening field corn lost to wildlife was measured in fall 1993 in 10 midwestern states that have produced 83% of the field corn in the United States over the past 10 years. Sampling of damage was stratified by producer expectation of likely wildlife damage or unlikely wildlife damage. Damage was assessed immediately before harvest. Two plots that measured 4.5 m x 2 rows were assessed in each selected field. Of assessed fields, wildlife damage was present in 340 of 1,259 (27.0%) likely damaged fields and 108 of 1,243 (8.7%) unlikely damaged fields. As a percentage of harvested production, birds (Aves) …

The Efficacy Of Naphthalene And Sulfur Repellents To Cause Avoidance Behavior In The Plains Garter Snake, Dennis M. Ferraro

Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop Proceedings

The efficacy of naphthalene, sulfur, and a commercial combination of these chemicals as a repellent against the plains garter snake (Thamnophis radix) was investigated. Behavioral tests were conducted using 96 recently captured snakes to determine whether significant avoidance results from the presence of these chemicals. Field tests were performed at 24 locations in the snakes' home range and in unfamiliar habitats. In both home ranges and unfamiliar habitats application of potential repellents did not result in significant avoidance behavior. The snakes may be able to sense these volatile chemicals, but the stimuli were unable to alter their behavior. …

Controlling Nuisance Egret And Heron Rookeries In Oklahoma, Kevin R. Grant, James Watson

Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop Proceedings

Native egrets (Egretta spp.) and herons (Nyticorax spp.) maintain rookeries throughout Oklahoma. With the appearance of cattle egrets (Bubulcus ibis) in North America, nuisance problems have occurred with the creation and expansion of rookeries near human populations. Egrets and herons, their nests, eggs, and rookery habitat are protected by the Migratory Bird Treaty Act. Damage associated with Oklahoma rookeries are nuisance noise, nuisance odor, potential disease threats, decline of vegetation (guanotrophy), displaced fledglings, and air strike hazards. Proven nuisance rookery control includes habitat alterations (tree thinning), noise harassment with pyrotechnics and propane exploders, shooting to reinforce …

Effects Of Mule Deer Grazing On Alfalfa Seed Production, Dennis D. Austin, Philip J. Urness

Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop Proceedings

Evaluation of crop loss caused by mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) grazing on alfalfa grown for seed harvest was studied in northern Utah. Results indicated (1) wire baskets used to protect non-grazed plots did not affect alfalfa production, and (2) alfalfa seed crop loss was directly correlated with alfalfa hay crop loss. Consequently, methods used to evaluate crop loss to alfalfa hay may be applied to alfalfa seed.

Wedelia: A Potential Ground Cover For Reducing The Attractiveness Of Tropical Airfields To Birds, Michael A. Linnell, Michael R. Conover, Tim J. Ohashi

Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop Proceedings

Airport environments frequently provide ideal feeding and loafing habitats for many bird species. Bird strikes at most airports involve predominantly insectivorous species. However, the Lihue Airport on the island of Kauai, Hawaii has had a severe problem with bird strikes involving 4 granivorous species: the zebra dove (Geopelia striata), spotted dove (Streptopelia chinensis), chestnut mannikin (Lonchura malacca), and nutmeg mannikin (L. punctulato). Two owl species, the common barn owl (Tyto alba) and Hawaiian short-eared owl (Asio flammeus sandwhichensis), have also been involved in aircraft collisions at Lihue. Shooting …

Twelfth Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop Summary, Ronald E. Masters, J. Grant Huggins

Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop Proceedings

No abstract provided.

Immunocontraception And Possible Application In Wildlife Damage Management, Lowell A. Miller

Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop Proceedings

lmmunocontraception technology appears to have viable application in wildlife damage management. However, administration of these vaccines is presently performed by syringe injection or remote delivery by darts or bio-bullets. In order for immunocontraception to be successful for broad scale application to free-roaming animals, the vaccine must be delivered in an oral form. Recent advances in molecular biology, immunology, and pathology of mucosal infection gives us tools to develop effective oral vaccines. Oral immunocontraceptive vaccine encapsulated in adhesive liposomes or non-virulent live vectors holds promise as a practical approach for immunocontraception of free-roaming wildlife. Issues of safety, species specificity, regulatory constraints, …

The Oral Rabies Vaccination Project And The Experimental Use Of Raboral V-Rg In The South Texas Canine Rabies Epizootic, M. Gayne Fearneyhough

Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop Proceedings

Beginning in October 1988, Texas experienced the onset of an expanding epizootic of canine rabies in far South Texas. That epizootic now involves 18 counties, with 522 laboratory confirmed cases as of December 1994. Approximately 50% of those cases have occurred in coyotes (Canis latrans) and most of the remainder in domestic dogs. Forty-three "spill over" cases have been reported in 7 other species, both wild and domestic. Since 1988, over 1600 people in South Texas have received postexposure rabies treatment due to potential exposure to a rabid animal and 2 human deaths have been attributed to this virus strain. …

Protecting Juvenile Salmonids From Gull Predation Using Wire Exclusion Below Hydroelectric Dams, John E. Steuber, Mikel E. Pitzler, J. Gary Oldenburg

Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop Proceedings

Predation by ring-billed gulls (Larus delawarenis) has been identified as a significant threat to migrant steelhead and salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.) smolt in the Columbia and Snake Rivers. Bird predation appears highest immediately below hydroelectric facilities. Installation of overhead wire/cable exclusion systems over the tailrace area of 12 dams has been completed to reduce gull predation. Data collected from 1 of the facilities as well as observations from other dams indicate that overhead wire/cable exclusion systems are effective in reducing predation by gulls.

Participants

Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop Proceedings

List of participants

The Puma In The Central Mountains And Great Plains, Jay W. Tischendorf, F. Robert Henderson

Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop Proceedings

Current status of the puma, Felis concolor, in the central mountains and Great Plains of Canada and the United States is discussed. Recent specimens and verified sightings are reviewed. Based on growing evidence, the puma has the potential to recolonize much of this region. Minor depredation problems can be expected, particularly as puma numbers increase and their range expands. This species is highly adaptable and extremely elusive, and its detection requires special skills. Professional wildlifers must be prepared to meet the dual challenges of managing both for recovery of this relatively rare carnivore and for its coexistence with humans.

Resource Law Notes Newsletter, No. 34, Spring Issue, Apr. 1995, University Of Colorado Boulder. Natural Resources Law Center

Resource Law Notes: The Newsletter of the Natural Resources Law Center (1984-2002)

No abstract provided.

Fisheries Research Report No 102 - A Review Of International Aquaculture Development And Selected Species In Environments Relevant To Western Australia, C. Lawrence

Fisheries Research Reports

This paper discusses aspects of aquaculture development in countries visited during an international study tour, with particular reference to implications for the developing aquaculture industry in Western Australia.

The reasons for aquaculture development, including protein production, employment, fisheries enhancement, tradition/religion, conservation and revenue are discussed from an international perspective, along with case histories and models of development undertaken outside Australia.

The potential benefits of developing an aquaculture industry within Australia are outlined and the relative costs and benefits of developing aquaculture of native aquatic species or imported species are discussed, including relevant examples of each.

A number of species of …

Water Current, Volume 27, No. 2, April 1995

Water Current Newsletter

Conference Brings Water Officials, Splash of Expertise to Debate
From the Director: Funding for Water Resources Research Institutes Threatened
New Lake Manual Readable, Practical
Platte Watershed Program
Research Review: Sprinkler Irrigatin: A Volatile Organic Compound Remediation Alternative
Nebraska Water News
Pesticide Applicator Manuals on the Web
Nebaskan Named NACD Director
Faculty Receive Extension Grants
Awards Honor Group, Individuals for Service
Mathiason Appointed

The Probe, Issue 153 – April 1995

The Probe: Newsletter of the National Animal Damage Control Association

Getting to Know Coyotes Better: The Predator Ecology Project -- Katherine Vaughn
Book Review - "How to Start and Operate a Humane Wild Stray Cat Trapping Business -- Stephen Vantassel
Finally-A Solution to Bird Problems: A food grade ingredient well known to us from the grape-flavored bubble gum and some perfumes has found still another use. The chemical, methyl anthranilate (MA), which is found in concord grapes, has the unique ability to repel birds.
The Connecticut Nuisance Wildlife Control Operators Association (CNWOA) is the first Affiliate Chapter of NADCA
Trapping Weasels -- James Forbes, NADCA President
NADCA Annual Meeting to …

Local Politics In The Time Of Turabi's Revolution: Gender, Class And Ethnicity In Western Sudan, Michael Kevane, Leslie C. Gray

Economics

In one small village in western Sudan local political struggles over power and resources are enmeshed in discursive struggles over representations of gender, ethnicity, class and community. Analysis of two specific conflicts illustrates this point. In one conflict over control of a village grain co-operative some villagers sought to exclude women, West African immigrants and the poor from participating in political decision-making. In a second conflict over a roadside market these same villagers, empowered by the divisive rhetoric and policies of the National Islamic Front regime, again mobilised dominant representations of class, gender and ethnicity in an attempt to prevent …

Foraging Behaviors Of Snowy Egrets (Egretta Thula) And Yellow-Crowned Night-Herons (Nyctanassa Violacea) In South Louisiana, D. Tommy King, Dwight Leblanc

United States Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services: Staff Publications

We report two previously undescribed foraging techniques used by Snowy Egrets (Egretta thula) and Yellow-crowned Night-Herons (Nyctanassa violacea) to catch crawfish (Procambarus spp.). Snowy Egrets were selecting crawfish that had recently molted their shells and Yellow-crowned Sight-Herons were targeting crawfish that were emerging from their burrows. These observations were conducted on commercial crawfish ponds near Catahoula, LA, USA.

The Probe, Issue # 152 -- March 1995

The Probe: Newsletter of the National Animal Damage Control Association

Bird Feeders and Ferrets: What's New in Wildlife Diseases? Southeastern Cooperative Wildlife Disease Study, College of Veterinary Medicine, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602.
Livestock Protection Collar Tested
Field Bait Rabies Vaccine Tested
Cost of Wolf Import Program Doubles
Waterfowl Decline Due to Predators?
Another Fatal Lion Attack in California
Book Review - "Protecting Your Garden From Animal Damage"
New Radio-Tracking Equipment Available
Certification Committee Formed
Trapping Weasels
Considerations Before Trapping Feral Cats
New Bird Alarm Shows Promise
Humane Society Offers Training
Revised "Prevention and Control" Handbook Now Available
Massachusetts Animal Controllers Association
The Tip of the Month: Chemist …

Value Of Saltbush Questioned, Brian Warren, Tess Casson, Ed Barrett-Lennard

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

Over the last 20 years the Department of Agriculture has focused on finding plant species that can grow on salt/and to produce sheep feed, and on techniques for establishing plantations of saltbushes. Some research has been in response to farmer reports of success in using revegetated salt/and to provide autumn forage, while other work has resulted from the apparent importance of saltbushes in rangeland areas.

Objective measurements of wool production have been taken only recently. Three years research at Katanning indicates that while saltbush material is selected and eaten by sheep, its value for wool production is not high. It …

Buntine-West Wubin And West Maya Catchment Management Report, William Oldfield, Natalie Hunt

Natural resources published reports

Buntine West/Wubin land Conservation District was formed when a number of landholders wanted to extend and join on to some existing deep drains. At first the group concentrated on the deep drains with some farmers joining on anda project to connect the drains up througha naturally occurring saline area and to run the main drain into a salt lake system. Funding was attained for 50% of the project and farmers with drains paid for the rest. It was considered unfair for landowners whose land this drain went through to pay all the cost as it was not draining arable land. …

The Prairie Naturalist Volume 27 , No. 1. March 1995

The Prairie Naturalist

DISTRIBUTION AND STATUS OF SAGE GROUSE IN COLORADO ▪ CE. Braun

BIRDS ASSOCIATED WITH BLACKBIRD SPRING FEEDING SITES IN SOUTH DAKOTA ▪ G.M. Linz, D.L. Bergman and W J. Bleier

INFLUENCE OF FORB ABUNDANCE ON WINTER BIRD USE OF CONSERVATION RESERVE PROGRAM FIELDS ▪ S.D. Hull, R.J. Robel and K.E. Kemp

FIRST NEST DOCUMENTATION FOR WHIP-POOR-WILL IN SOUTH DAKOTA ▪ K. L. Dean, D.L. Swanson, E.T. Liknes and D.P. Weinacht

WOOD DUCK POPULATION EXPANSION IN NORTHERN MONTANA ▪ DM. Prellwitz, J.R. Little, L.R. Rau and C.J. Hoff

PRAIRIE VOLES AT LOW DENSITY IN UNGRAZED TALLGRASS PRAIRIE IN THE FLINT HILLS …