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Does Tall Grass Reduce Bird Numbers On Airports?: Results Of Pen Test With Canada Geese And Field Trials At Two Airports, 1998, Thomas W. Seamans, Richard A. Dolbeer, Mark S. Carrara, Richard B. Chipman May 1999

Does Tall Grass Reduce Bird Numbers On Airports?: Results Of Pen Test With Canada Geese And Field Trials At Two Airports, 1998, Thomas W. Seamans, Richard A. Dolbeer, Mark S. Carrara, Richard B. Chipman

Bird Strike Committee-USA/Canada Joint Annual Meeting: 1st (1999)

A suggested management plan to reduce bird numbers and bird-aircraft collisions at airports is to maintain grass 15-25 cm high. However, 3 studies conducted in the United States in 1998 indicated tall-grass management may not result in fewer birds. First, Canada geese (Branta canadensis), in a replicated experiment lasting 9 days in 6 pens in Ohio, showed no preference (P = 0.53) for short-grass (4-11 cm) over tall-grass (16-21 cm) plots. Second, we compared bird use of 8 tall- (23.3 ± 0.5 cm high, x ± SE) and 8 short- (14.3 ± 0.2) grass plots totaling 46 ha at Burke …


Management Of Emissions At Abu Dhabi Gas Liquefaction Company, Abdul Aziz R Al Nuaimi May 1999

Management Of Emissions At Abu Dhabi Gas Liquefaction Company, Abdul Aziz R Al Nuaimi

Theses

Gas industries in the United Arab Emirates are vastly growing in order to mainly cope with the increasing demand for energy productions as well as for the wise utilization of gas associate with the crude oil. Environmental problems coupled with gas employment necessitates the development of a management techniques that can lead to better control of emissions from gas processing companies since some of these emissions are unavoidable for safety reasons.

This study suggests a framework to be used to control emissions from Abu Dhabi Gas Liquefaction Company (ADGAS) in Das Island, which represents a typical major gas processing company …


A Social Analysis Of Grazing Management On National Forest Lands: A Case Study In Catron County, New Mexico, Alexis S. Watts May 1999

A Social Analysis Of Grazing Management On National Forest Lands: A Case Study In Catron County, New Mexico, Alexis S. Watts

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The rural west in this country faces increased national pressure concerning the management of natural resources on public lands. Issues regarding natural resource management are becoming more important as they continue to affect rural communities and capture the attention of a variety of interest groups. Natural resource managers are increasingly required to consider social dimensions of resource use and management. Lack of consideration in these areas can lead to dissatisfied, and even hostile, local residents and interest groups. Often land managers face criticism from many groups at once as a result of management decisions.

This study analyzed a particular resource …


Resource Law Notes Newsletter, No. 46, Spring Issue, 1999, University Of Colorado Boulder. Natural Resources Law Center Apr 1999

Resource Law Notes Newsletter, No. 46, Spring Issue, 1999, University Of Colorado Boulder. Natural Resources Law Center

Resource Law Notes: The Newsletter of the Natural Resources Law Center (1984-2002)

No abstract provided.


Water Current, Volume 31, No. 2, April 1999 Apr 1999

Water Current, Volume 31, No. 2, April 1999

Water Current Newsletter

Defining Visions of Nebraska's Water Future
From the Director
Jess, Harnsberger, "Nebraska Plan" Team Honored as Water Stewards at Kearney
University of Nebraska Hires Jess
Nebraska Forestry Shortcourse
Managing Pesticides to Minimize Risk
Water News Brief
Free Drinking Water Week Packets
AWWA Announces Research Project Funds
TGF Memberships
Nebraska Water Tour


Evolution Of The Dfw International Airport Wildlife Management Program –- Lessons Learned, Curt W. Kuehner, John R. Alexander Apr 1999

Evolution Of The Dfw International Airport Wildlife Management Program –- Lessons Learned, Curt W. Kuehner, John R. Alexander

Bird Strike Committee-USA/Canada Joint Annual Meeting: 1st (1999)

On January 7, 1997, Dallas-Fort Worth International Airport experienced its first large bird strike event, involving the collision of over 350 European starlings with an American Airlines MD-80. This prompted a serious assessment of existing wildlife control procedures, and eventually resulted in the formation of the DFW Wildlife Control Program. The number of reported strikes has dropped from 157 in 1996 to 52 in 1998. The success of DFW’s program is the result of long, hard hours and extensive trial and error. However, wildlife management personnel at other airfields do not have to go through all the growing pains and …


Scwds Briefs: Volume 15, Number 1 (April 1999) Apr 1999

Scwds Briefs: Volume 15, Number 1 (April 1999)

Southeastern Cooperative Wildlife Disease Study: Publications

SCWDS BRIEFS
April 1999
Aflatoxicosis in Louisiana Geese
Aflatoxins
Aspergillus
Prevention of Meningeal Worm Infection
Meningeal worm (Parelaphostrongylus tenuis)
Meningeal worm infection (parelaphostrongylosis)
Meningeal Worms in Cattle
Deer meningeal worm (Parelaphostrongylus tenuis) and clinical disease (parelaphostrongylosis)
Composted Chicken Litter Safer for Wildlife
Histomoniasis (blackhead disease) transmission
Pasteurella multocida
Infectious bursal disease (Gumboro) and Newcastle disease
Hazards of Deer Relocation
Missouri Department of Conservation (MDC)
Capture myopathy
Rodenticide Hazards to Wildlife
Bromadiolone and diphacinone
Anticoagulant compounds
National Wild Turkey Federation (NWTF)
Avian pox and blackhead disease
Annual Conference of the Wildlife Disease
Association (WDA)


The Probe, Issue 199 – April 1999 Apr 1999

The Probe, Issue 199 – April 1999

The Probe: Newsletter of the National Animal Damage Control Association

American White Pelicans: The latest avian problem for southeastern catfish producers -- D. Tommy King, USDAIAPHISIWS, National Wildlife Research Center, Mississippi Research Station, Mississippi State University, MS 39762
In Memoriam: William D. Fitzwater (1917-1999)
In Memoriam: Jack H. Berryman
Booklet Review: "Managing Canada Geese in Urban Environments: A Technical Guide" by Arthur E. Smith, Scott R. Craven and Paul D. Curtis (1999). Jack Berryman Institute Publication 16, and Cornell University Cooperative Extension, Ithaca, NY. 42 pages. $10.00 (postpaid)
Video Review: "Suburban Goose Management: Searching for Balance." Produced by the Educational Television Center Media and Technology Services, Cornell University. (1998) VHS. …


Intermediate Rings Between A Local Domain And Its Completion, William Heinzer, Christel Rotthaus, Sylvia Wiegand Apr 1999

Intermediate Rings Between A Local Domain And Its Completion, William Heinzer, Christel Rotthaus, Sylvia Wiegand

Nebraska Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit: Staff Publications

We consider the structure of certain intermediate domains between a local Noetherian domain Rand an ideal-adic completion R* of R that arise as the intersection of R* with a field containing R. In the case where the intersection domain A can be expressed as a directed union of localized polynomial extension rings of R, the computation of A is easier. We examine conditions for this to happen. We also present examples to motivate and illustrate the concepts considered.


Golf Courses In Southern Nevada Will Significantly Impact The Water Management Efforts By Using Recycled Water Rather Than Potable Water To Irrigate Their Turf, Sean D. Ainsworth Apr 1999

Golf Courses In Southern Nevada Will Significantly Impact The Water Management Efforts By Using Recycled Water Rather Than Potable Water To Irrigate Their Turf, Sean D. Ainsworth

UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones

As the number of people continually move to the Las Vegas Valley and take up residence, the possibility of "running out of water" can become a reality. Having large water users (i.e. golf courses) irrigate their turf with recycled water, they will significantly impact the water management efforts in the Las Vegas Valley. When each course is irrigating their turf with recycled water, this will help ease the drinking water demand in the valley, especially during the peak demand season (summer).


Rio Natural Gas, The Alternative Fuel Of The Future, Peter Garner Apr 1999

Rio Natural Gas, The Alternative Fuel Of The Future, Peter Garner

UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones

Automobile exhaust is a major contributor of harmful air pollutants. Exhaust emissions include water (H2O), carbon dioxide (CO2), carbon monoxide (CO), nitrous oxides (NOX), sulfur oxides (SOX), hydrocarbons (HC), and particulate matter (PM), and of these the four major air pollutants are CO, HC, NOX, and PM. Particulate matter is predominantly emitted from diesel fuel burning vehicles. In order to aid in reduction of air pollution, and reduce dependence on foreign oil imports, federal legislation has been enacted. The two prominent acts are the National Energy Security Act in 1992, which mandates use of alternative fuels, and the Clean Air …


Bulletin 4359 - Soils Of The Swan Coastal Plain, Mike Bolland Apr 1999

Bulletin 4359 - Soils Of The Swan Coastal Plain, Mike Bolland

Bulletins 4000 -

Almost all the soils of the Swan coastal plain are formed by material deposited by sea, rivers and wind. The Yilgarn Block, east and south of the Scarp bordering the Swan Coastal Plain (Fig. 1), rose about 40 to 50 million years ago. This caused erosion of the block by rivers and streams, and the eroded material was either deposited onto the Swan Coastal Plain or washed into the sea. The eroded material formed new soils on the Plain.

Broadly there are two major types of soils on the Coastal Plain. The first is a series of dune system near …


The Feasibility Of Controlling The Brown Treesnake In Small Plots, Gordon H. Rodda, Thomas H. Fritts, Earl W. Campbell Iii Apr 1999

The Feasibility Of Controlling The Brown Treesnake In Small Plots, Gordon H. Rodda, Thomas H. Fritts, Earl W. Campbell Iii

United States Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services: Staff Publications

There is an urgent need to provide snake-free or snake-reduced habitats for the wildlife species on Guam that have declined or disappeared as a result of predation by the Brown Treesnake, Boiga irregularis (Savidge, 1987; Fritts, 1988; Rodda and Fritts, 1992; Rodda et al., this volume, Chap. 2). At present, we know of no practical techniques for reducing or eradicating the snake throughout Guam, a densely populated island of 54,100 ha. Conserving native wildlife and reducing the incidences of snakes boarding ship and aircraft may not require the elimination of snakes from the entire island, however. Elimination of snakes from …


An Overview Of The Biology Of The Brown Treesnake* (Boiga Irregularis), A Costly Introduced Pest On Pacific Islands, Gordon H. Rodda, Thomas H. Fritts, Michael J. Mccoid, Earl W. Campbell Iii Apr 1999

An Overview Of The Biology Of The Brown Treesnake* (Boiga Irregularis), A Costly Introduced Pest On Pacific Islands, Gordon H. Rodda, Thomas H. Fritts, Michael J. Mccoid, Earl W. Campbell Iii

United States Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services: Staff Publications

The 20-30 species of the genus Boiga (Colubridae, Boiginae) range from tropical Africa through southern Asia to Melanesia and Australia (Leviton, 1968). Collectively, they are known as catsnakes, mangrove snakes, or treesnakes (Obst et al., 1988; Greene, 1989). The common name "catsnakes" is sometimes used for snakes in the genus Telescopus as well (Obst et 1, 1988).

Members of the genus Boiga are nocturnal, oviparous, opisthoglyphic, euryphagic, and slender; they have vertical elliptical pupils (thus “cat” snakes) set in large eyes, and short, blunt heads that are noticeably larger than their necks. With one exception they are arboreal or semiarboreal …


Candidate Repellents, Oral And Dermal Toxicants, And Fumigants For Brown Treesnake Control, Peter J. Savarie, Richard L. Bruggers Mar 1999

Candidate Repellents, Oral And Dermal Toxicants, And Fumigants For Brown Treesnake Control, Peter J. Savarie, Richard L. Bruggers

United States Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services: Staff Publications

The information presented in this chapter was obtained primarily from two computerized literature searches conducted on the Dialog System (Dialog Information Services, Inc.; Palo Alto, Calif.), which covers a wide variety of topics including medicine, environmental sciences, agriculture, and biology. The key word in the first search was the scientific name of the Brown Treesnake, Boiga irregularis. The key words in the second search were repellent, fumigant, toxicant, or control (or any variations of these words) together with the word snake or snakes. In contrast to the research and development of vertebrate pest control agents for rodents …


Letter To The Faa Regarding Modified Standards For Bird Strike Impacts, Paul F. Eschenfelder Mar 1999

Letter To The Faa Regarding Modified Standards For Bird Strike Impacts, Paul F. Eschenfelder

Bird Strike Committee-USA/Canada Joint Annual Meeting: 1st (1999)

The Air Line Pilots Association (ALPA), representing the safety interests of 53,000 professional airline pilots flying for 51 airlines in the United States and Canada, has reviewed the notice of proposed rulemaking (NPRM) in the referenced docket. The NPRM proposes modified standards to which engines are certified with respect to their ability to withstand impacts from birds or similar wildlife hazards. We feel the proposed standard is a step in the right direction, but cannot under any circumstances be considered attainment of a goal. As outlined below, the data used in developing the NPRM has been superseded by more accurate …


Methods For The Diagnosis Of Acute 3-Chloro-P-Toluidine Hydrochloride Poisoning In Birds And The Estimation Of Secondary Hazards To Wildlife, John J. Johnston, Daniel B. Hurlbut, Michael L. Avery, Jack C. Rhyan Mar 1999

Methods For The Diagnosis Of Acute 3-Chloro-P-Toluidine Hydrochloride Poisoning In Birds And The Estimation Of Secondary Hazards To Wildlife, John J. Johnston, Daniel B. Hurlbut, Michael L. Avery, Jack C. Rhyan

United States Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services: Staff Publications

Female boat-tailed grackles poisoned with 3-chloro-p-toluidine hydrochloride (CPTH) were analyzed by necropsy and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The necropsies identified the presence of a white precipitate in the pericardium, which had been previously reported as a characteristic of CPTH-exposed birds. The GC-MS method, which utilized deuterated CPTH as a surrogate, quantified CPTH residues in the breast tissue and gastrointestinal tract of CPTH-exposed birds. Comparison of these techniques indicated that the GC-MS method was more accurate for assessing CPTH poisoning in birds. Regression analyses of consumption versus residue data indicated that the sum of breast and gastrointestinal residues can …


United States Patent: Naturally-Odoriferous Animal Repellent, James Russell Mason, Richard Albert Dolbeer, George Preti Mar 1999

United States Patent: Naturally-Odoriferous Animal Repellent, James Russell Mason, Richard Albert Dolbeer, George Preti

United States Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services: Staff Publications

Certain volatile compounds naturally present in herring gull eggs are effective for repelling animals and birds, particularly canids, from the locus to which such compounds are applied. More particularly, the volatile compounds which are effective animal repellents include compounds exhibiting mint-like odors such as the compounds pulegone and piperitone. The invention relates to methods of using these compounds to repel animals, and to repellent compositions comprising effective repellent amounts of such compounds.


Environmental Risk And The Traditional Sector Approach: Market Efficiency At The Core Of Environmental Law, John Martin Gillroy Mar 1999

Environmental Risk And The Traditional Sector Approach: Market Efficiency At The Core Of Environmental Law, John Martin Gillroy

RISK: Health, Safety & Environment (1990-2002)

Professor Gillroy provides an in-depth discussion on the evolution of environmental law and the proposition that market efficiency has been, and still is, at its core.


Land Evaluation Standards For Land Resource Mapping : Guidelines For Assessing Land Qualities And Determining Land Capability In South-West Western Australia, Dennis Van Gool, Geoff Allan Moore Mar 1999

Land Evaluation Standards For Land Resource Mapping : Guidelines For Assessing Land Qualities And Determining Land Capability In South-West Western Australia, Dennis Van Gool, Geoff Allan Moore

Resource management technical reports

Updated by report 298, van Gool, D, Tille, P J, and Moore, G A. (2005)
This report provides a standard method for attributing and evaluating digital land resource maps in Western Australia so that strategic decisions about the management, development and consevation of land resources can be based on the best information available. The standards update the generic methodology described by Wells and King (1989) which have been used routinely for the assessment of land resources in catchment and land use planning in Western Australia.


Fisheries Research Report No. 113 - Catch, Effort And The Conversion From Gill Nets To Traps In The Peel-Harvey And Cockburn Sound Blue Swimmer Crab (Portunus Pelagicus) Fisheries, Roy Melville-Smith, Mark Cliff, Sonia M. Anderton Mar 1999

Fisheries Research Report No. 113 - Catch, Effort And The Conversion From Gill Nets To Traps In The Peel-Harvey And Cockburn Sound Blue Swimmer Crab (Portunus Pelagicus) Fisheries, Roy Melville-Smith, Mark Cliff, Sonia M. Anderton

Fisheries Research Reports

Over the last few years, there has been considerable interest on the part of commercial fishers to move away from using gill nets, the traditional method for fishing for blue swimmer crabs in Western Australia (WA), to fishing with traps. Blue swimmer crab fisheries in WA are regulated by effort controls and most gill net fishers are restricted to hauling 1,000 metres (1,200 metres in the case of Cockburn Sound) of gill net per day.

The fieldwork in this study was initiated in March 1994 in Cockburn Sound and in January 1996 in the Peel-Harvey Estuary. It was aimed at …


Bulletin 4357 - Fertilisers For Pastures On Sandy Soils Of The Swan Coastal Plain, K. W. Angell Mar 1999

Bulletin 4357 - Fertilisers For Pastures On Sandy Soils Of The Swan Coastal Plain, K. W. Angell

Bulletins 4000 -

When newly cleared for agriculture, the sandy soils of the Swan Coastal Plain were acutely deficient in phosphorus (P), nitrogen (N), and the trace elements copper ( Cu) and zinc (Zn) and sometimes molybdenum (Mo). Phosphorus deficiency was overcome by applying single superphosphate. Trace element deficiencies were overcome by adding Cu, Zn and Mo to superphosphate during manufacture, allowing P, Cu, Zn and Mo to be applied to the pasture in the one operation.

It was subsequently found that low sulphur (S) and potassium (K) were limiting production and persistence of subterranean clover-based pastures on the sandy soils of the …


The Prairie Naturalist Volume 31, No.1 March 1999 Mar 1999

The Prairie Naturalist Volume 31, No.1 March 1999

The Prairie Naturalist

NEST SITE CHARACTERISTICS OF RING-NECKED PHEASANTS IN EASTERN SOUTH DAKOTA ▪ J. R. Purvis, A. E. Gabbert, and L. D. Flake

FIELD EVALUATION OF RADIOTRANSMITTERS FOR NORTHERN POCKET GOPHERS ▪ G. W. Witmer and M. J. Pipas

DISTRlBllTiON OF A MOlJND-BUILDING ANT ON NATIVE AND RESTORED PRAIRIES IN NORTHEASTERN KANSAS ▪ J. Foster and W. D. Kettle

RESULTS OF A WILD TURKEY RELEASE IN KANSAS TALLGRASS PRAIRIE ▪ J. F. Cully, Jr., P. R. Lemons, II, and R. D. Applegate

BODY-SIZE AND AGE'-RELATED MASTICATORY RELATIONSHIPS IN TWO SPECIES OF BLARINA ▪ B. J. Verts, L. N. Carraway, and R. A. …


State Of Tampa Bay 1998, Tampa Bay Regional Planning Council (Tbrpc), Agency On Bay Management Mar 1999

State Of Tampa Bay 1998, Tampa Bay Regional Planning Council (Tbrpc), Agency On Bay Management

Reports

The 1998 "State of Tampa Bay" Report is the twelfth edition. It has been prepared in accordance with the rules of the Agency on Bay Management and funded by the Tampa Bay Regional Planning Council. The Report highlights projects and programs underway around the Tampa Bay estuary and its watershed. It also provides an excellent overview of several programs of Baywide significance. In this edition are summaries submitted by the various researchers, activists, regulators and stewards engaged in understanding, managing, improving and restoring the estuary. From public education to watershed planning; seagrass monitoring to port improvements; the number and variety …


The Probe, Issue 198 – March 1999 Mar 1999

The Probe, Issue 198 – March 1999

The Probe: Newsletter of the National Animal Damage Control Association

NADCA benefits its members
Fifth Annual Wildlife Control Technology Instructional Seminar
Bob Willging Fund Established
Woodstream Drops Victor Traps
Activist Gets 7 Years in Prison
Egret Control Goes Badly
Foxes Threaten Plovers in Maine
Controversy Boils In Arizona Predator Hunt Contests

Abstracts from the 5th Annual Conference of The Wildlife Society

The Prospect of Using Oral Vaccination to Control Rabies in Raccoons in the Northeast -- D.H. Lein and L.L. Bigler
Past and Current Methods for Controlling Rabies in Wildlife -- S.B. Linhart and C.L. Brown
Elimination of Fox Rabies from Ontario, Canada -- CD. Maclnnes
A Computer Model for …


Center For Sustainable Agricultural Systems Newsletter, March/April 1999 Mar 1999

Center For Sustainable Agricultural Systems Newsletter, March/April 1999

Center for Sustainable Agricultural Systems: Newsletter (1993–2000)

Contents:

We Came! We Saw! We Heard!

University Role in Biotechnology: Who Benefits From New Technologies?

Highlights of Upcoming Book: Under The Blade (Part 6)

Study Finds Consolidation Harms Nation's Consumers And Farmers

National Ag Biotech Meeting in Lincoln

Nordic Agroecology Course Welcomes Students

Agroecology Field Course Offered


High-Grade Paper Recycling: A Program Management Perspective, Rodger L. Carter Mar 1999

High-Grade Paper Recycling: A Program Management Perspective, Rodger L. Carter

Theses and Dissertations

Recycling of high-grade paper is one method of reducing the use of natural resources and the amount of waste being emitted into the environment, both in the process of manufacturing and in the disposal of unneeded documents. The Air Force Materiel Command (AFMC) is a significant user of high-grade paper, thus recycling represents a potential saving to society in the form of lessened negative impact on the environment as the result of AFMC operations. The possibility also exists for AFMC to reduce operating costs. The purpose of this study is to explore means of reducing high-grade paper disposal by AFMC, …


Globalization And The Sustainability Of Human Health: An Ecological Perspective, Robert Costanza, A. J. Mcmichael, Bert Bolin, Gretchen C. Daily, Carl Folke, Kerstin Lindahl-Kiessling, Elisabet Lindgren, Bo Niklasson Mar 1999

Globalization And The Sustainability Of Human Health: An Ecological Perspective, Robert Costanza, A. J. Mcmichael, Bert Bolin, Gretchen C. Daily, Carl Folke, Kerstin Lindahl-Kiessling, Elisabet Lindgren, Bo Niklasson

Institute for Sustainable Solutions Publications and Presentations

The last half-century has seen momentous and accelerating changes in humankind's economic activities, political relations, and social and demographic profile. A prominent feature of this change is the increasing scale of human impact on Earth's natural biophysical systems: the climate system, stratospheric ozone, biodiversity, terrestrial and marine food-producing ecosystems, and the great cycles of water, nitrogen, and sulfur (Meyer 1996, Vitousek et al. 1997). These systems sustain the conditions on which life depends, and their weakening may therefore have profound long-term implications for human population health (McMichael 1993, Last 1997).


Field Evaluation Of Radiotransmitters For Northern Pocket Gophers, Gary W. Witmer, Michael Pipas Mar 1999

Field Evaluation Of Radiotransmitters For Northern Pocket Gophers, Gary W. Witmer, Michael Pipas

United States Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services: Staff Publications

A field study was conducted in northern Idaho from June to November 1995 to evaluate the design and functional aspects of four types of Radio-transmitters for use on northern pocket gophers (Thomomys talpoides) as well as the effects of the transmitters on behavior of the animals. Twenty-five of 46 northern pocket gophers were fitted in the field with one of three models of radio-collars (AVM, NWRC, and Holohil), nine received Wildlife Materials abdominal implant transmitters (surgery conducted off-site), and 12 without transmitters served as controls. Study animals were relocated every second to fourth day until the end of …


Land Development And Biotechnology At The Claremont Colleges, Paul Faulstich Feb 1999

Land Development And Biotechnology At The Claremont Colleges, Paul Faulstich

Pitzer Faculty Publications and Research

Founded on the Oxford model of a cluster of institutions, the Claremont Colleges has periodically established a new school. In the Spring of 1997, the Board of Fellows of the Claremont University Center charged with policy-making for the consortium-voted to establish a seventh college; the Keck Graduate Institute of applied life sciences. or bioengineering. Despite other landholdings, including a golf course and a non-operational gravel quarry, the Board of Fellows voted to site the New Venture on a portion-approximately eleven acres--of the Bernard Biological Field Station. (Pitzer's vote was cast against building on the Field Station.)