Digital Commons Network^™

Terricolous Spiders (Araneae) Of Insecticide-Treated Spruce-Fir Forests In West-Central Maine, Daniel J. Hilburn, Daniel T. Jennings

The Great Lakes Entomologist

Spiders of 12 families, 42 genera, and at least 62 species were captured in linear-pitfall traps placed in insecticide-treated (Sevin-4-Oil®, Dipel 4L ®, Thuricide 16B®) and untreated spruce-fIr forests of west-central Maine. Species richness per family ranged from 1 (Theridiidae, Araneidae, Salticidae) to 19 (Erigonidae). Most trapped species were web-spinners (67.2%); most trapped individuals were hunters (75.2%). Lycosidae accounted for 66.1 % of all (n = 887) captured spiders. Total trapped spiders varied among insecticide treatments, sampling dates, and study sites. However, comparison of mean prespray and postspray trap catches indicated no significant reduction (ANOVA, ANCOVA, P 0.05) in terricolous …

Seasonal Occurrence Of Pine Root Collar Weevil, Hylobius Radicis (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), In Red Pine Stands Undergoing Decline, Kenneth F. Raffa, David J. Hall

The Great Lakes Entomologist

A trapping scheme was devised for sampling the pine root collar weevil, Hylobius radicis, in mature red pine plantations in Wisconsin. Adult weevils were trapped throughout the 1986 field season, and the method appears sensitive enough to discern temporal and spatial trends. The number of weevils caught was higher in stands symptomatic of the general condition currently labelled Red Pine Decline and Mortality. In some stands there was a strong tendency for trap catches to be particularly high near certain trees. Seasonal trends and sex ratios were compared with published reports of H. radicis activity in Michigan.

Biology. Ecology, Larval Taxonomy, And Distribution Of Hydropsychidae (Trichoptera) In Wisconsin, Kurt L. Schmude, William L. Hilsenhoff

The Great Lakes Entomologist

About 43.000 larvae and 1800 adults of Hydropsychidae from Wisconsin were studied. These included Diplectrona modesta, Macrostemum zebratum, Parapsyche apicalis, Potamyia flava, eight species of Ceratopsyche, and 11 species of Hydropsyche, but because their larvae cannot be identified the nine species of Cheumatopsyche known from Wisconsin were not included. Keys were developed to separate larvae of species of Ceratopsyche and Hydropsyche that were collected in Wisconsin or are likely to occur here, and notes are provided to facilitate identification of closely related species. Two forms of Ceratopsyche morosa are distinguished, and the larva of Hydropsyche pIacoda is described. Most …

The Growth And Survival Of Early Instars Of Bellura Obliqua (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) On Typha Latifolia And Typha Angustifolia, J. M. Penko, D. C. Pratt

The Great Lakes Entomologist

Larvae of the noctuid moth Bellura obliqua are frequently encountered on Typha latifolia, but less commonly on Typha angustifolia. Experiments were conducted to compare the growth and survivorship of early B. obliqua instars on the two species of cattail. In short-term growth chamber experiments there were no significant differences in the survivorship, relative growth rate (RGR), relative consumption rate (RCR), or the efficiency of conversion of ingested food (ECI) between first-instar larvae reared on leaves of the two species. Third-instar larvae fed stems, however, had a greater RGR and higher ECI when reared on T. lalifolia. Differences in growth …

Effects Of Aprons On Pitfall Trap Catches Of Carabid Beetles In Forests And Fields, Marc E. Epstein, Herbert M. Kulman

The Great Lakes Entomologist

This study compared the efficacy of three types of pitfall traps in four forest and two field habitats. Two traps had aprons and one did not. The two apron traps were the same except for a gap between the trap and the plywood-apron, allowing captures from above or below. Traps were placed in a split-plot design and had three replicates of the three trap types per habitat. The traps were emptied each week from May to September. ANOVA's were performed on 12 trapped species separately over habitats, weeks, and the in- teractions between them. The nonapron trap captured over 40% …

Predatory Insects And Spiders From Suburban Lawns In Lexington, Kentucky, Stephen D. Cockfield, Daniel A. Potter

The Great Lakes Entomologist

Predatory arthropods were caught in pitfall traps in suburban lawns in Lexington, Kentucky. The relative abundance of species of Lycosidae, Carabidae, and Staphylinidae was compared in Kentucky bluegrass and tall fescue turf. Nine species of Lycosidae were collected from both the bluegrass and tall fescue lawns. More species or phena of Carabidae were collected from bluegrass than from tall fescue turf. More than 40 species or phena of staphylinids were collected from each grass habitat. Both Kentucky bluegrass and tall fescue are inhabited by an abundant and diverse array of predatory arthropods.

Effect Of A Hay Mulch And Of A Companionate Planting On Cabbage Pest Populations, W. S. Cranshaw

The Great Lakes Entomologist

Cabbage crop environments were modified by either use of a hay mulch or intercrop- ping with "companionate" plants (nasturtium, thyme, and rosemary). A temporary reduction in egg and larval numbers of imported cabbageworm (Artogeia rapae L.) occurred on mulched plots. This effect disappeared later in the season as the plants grew large and coyered the mulch. On some interplanted plots, temporary increases in cabbage looper (Trichoplusia ni Hubner) larvae and decreases in imported cabbageworm eggs were noted. Hov.'Cver. on most dates, there was no effect of interplanting on pest populations. The general lack of effects on cabbage insect pests …

Bibliographic Guide To The Terrestrial Arthropods Of Michigan, Mark F. O'Brien

The Great Lakes Entomologist

Papers dealing with distribution, faunal extensions, and identification of Michigan insects and other terrestrial arthropods are listed by order, and cover the period of 1878 through 1982.

Status And Management Of Pyrethroid Resistance In The Predatory Mite, Amblyseius Fallacis (Acarina: Phytoseiidae), B. A. Croft

The Great Lakes Entomologist

Low levels of (5-15 fold) resistance to synthetic pyrethroid (SP) insecticides occur in unexposed apple orchard populations of the predatory mite, Amblyseius fallacis Garman. Permethrin resistance in one strain has been elevated 60--500 fold by selections in green- houses. Multiple resistances to DDT and azinphosmethyl are present and cross-resistance to SP-related compounds is generic at 10--250 fold. Permethrin resistance appears due to both hydrolytic esterase and knock down resistance mechanisms. Permethrin resistance appears to be polygenic and more recessive than dominant; it is unstable in the presence of high densities of susceptible immigrant types, but is reasonably stable in the …

Correct Identity Of The Oak Twig Pruner (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae), D. C. L. Gosling

The Great Lakes Entomologist

(excerpt)

The oak twig pruner is a cerambycid of minor economic importance which is generally common through most of eastern North America. The adult beetles oviposit on living twigs of oak and other hardwoods, and the larvae bore within the twig, subsequently pruning it from the tree. Haldeman (1847) identified this borer as Elaphidion villosus (Fabricius), a species later placed in the genus Elaphidionoides by Linsley (1963). This identification has been accepted and followed by Baker (1972), Craighead (1923, 1950), Duffy (1960), Knull (1946). Linsley (1963), and many other authors.

Resource Partitioning By Two Species Of Stream Mayflies (Ephemeroptera: Heptageniidae), William O. Lamp, N. Wilson Britt

The Great Lakes Entomologist

We compared the phenology of nymph development, food type, and habitat selection of two stream mayflies, Stenacron interpunctatum (Say) and Stenonema pulchellum (Walsh) in Big Darby Creek, Ohio. Both species, which grow principally from autumn through early spring, emerged from the stream throughout the summer. The nymphs consumed the same sizes and types of food particles from deposits on stones, mostly in the form of detritus. As a result of morphological and behavioral adaptations, S. pulchellum lived on stones in swift water whereas S. interpunctatum lived on stones in a slower current.

Incidence And Location Of Eastern Pineshoot Borer Damage In Some Scotch Pine Christmas Tree Plantations In Michigan (Lepidoptera: Olethreutidae), M. Mckeague, G. Simmons

The Great Lakes Entomologist

A survey of Christmas tree farms in Michigan revealed that 26% of the Scotch pine Christmas trees have one or more shoots injured by the eastern pineshoot borer, Eucosma gloriola Heinrich. Most attacks occurred on lateral branches in the top half of the tree. Only 2% of the observed trees had pineshoot borer injury on the terminal leader. Control except for normal shearing, was not recommended for most plantations.

On The Feeding Habits Of Phasganophora Capitata (Plecoptera: Perlidae), William P. Kovalak

The Great Lakes Entomologist

Gut contents of 230 nymphs of Phasganophora Capitata (Pictet) from the Pigeon River, Otsego County, Michigan were analyzed in relation to season, current velocity, time of day, predator size and prey abundance. Diet changed seasonally, related in part to seasonal changes in prey abundance. The diet of large and small nymphs was similar except that small nymphs ate smaller individuals. At lower current velocities capitata fed primarily on mayflies whereas at higher current velocities they fed primarily on caddis and dipterans.

Pre-Management Assessment Of Aquatic Macroinvertebrates In A Small, Sedimentary Drainage Area Of The Maumee And Lake Erie Basin, W. P. Mccafferty

The Great Lakes Entomologist

In order to establish baseline data adjunct to the research and development of soil conservation practices for sediment reduction in the Maumee River and Lake Erie, the aquatic macroinvertebrates of Black Creek and adjacent areas in northeastern Indiana were studied from 1974-1975. A total of 90 species of Insecta and Crustacea were taken, 69 from Black Creek. Species diversity indices ranged from 1.04 to 2.75 in two downstream locations and were generally reflective of stressed conditions related to channelization and sedimentation from the agrarian drainage area. Benthic species from the adjacent Maumee River potentially contribute in part to population maintenance …

An Analysis Of The Shore Beetle Communities Of Some Channelized Streams In Northwest Ohio (Coleoptera), Paul M. Holeski, Robert C. Graves

The Great Lakes Entomologist

The present shore beetle communities of some northwest Ohio streams channelized between 1937 and 1973 were studied. Quantitative and qualitative analyses were made to determine the effects of channelization on the community and the results are discussed. Ninety species, chiefly Carabidae, Heteroceridae and Staphylinidae, were collected; at least 20 not previously reported from Ohio. In addition, some species associations are noted.

Observations On The Biology Of The Oak Twig Pruner, Elaphidionoides Parallelus, (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) In Michigan, D. C. L. Gosling

The Great Lakes Entomologist

(excerpt)

The oak twig pruner, Elaphidionoides parallelus (Newman) (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) is rather common in southern Michigan where it attacks living oaks and other hardwoods. The damage it inflicts is rarely serious, but it may be considered a pest insect if only for the nuisance it creates for those who must clean up the often numerous small branches pruned from street, lawn, and park trees.

Intraspecific Variation In Taxonomic Characteristics Of The Mayfly Potamanthus Myops (Walsh), Robert J. Lord, Peter G. Meier

The Great Lakes Entomologist

Data collected from an ecological study of the mayfly Potamanthus rnyops (Walsh) in Michigan showed intraspecific variability in taxonomic characteristics that have been employed by previous investigators for species separation. Nymphal dorsal maculation patterns varied considerably within a single population. Also, the ratio of mandibular tusk length to head length increased with successive nymphal instars. Certain adult taxonomic characteristics, particularly relative male imago eye size and distance of separation, were either too poorly defined or too variable to be conclusive in species identification.

Feeding Habits Of Wisconsin's Predominant Lotic Plecoptera, Ephemeroptera, And Trichoptera, Theodore J. Shapas, William L. Hilsenhoff

The Great Lakes Entomologist

Feeding habits of nymphs or larvae of 101 species of Plecoptera, Ephemeroptera, and Trichoptera collected from Wisconsin's streams were determined by examining foregut contents. The percent by volume of animal, live vascular plant, filamentous algae, diatom, and detrital material recovered is reported. Plecoptera in the suborder Filipalpia were herbivoredetritivores, and most in the suborder Setipalpia were carnivores. Exceptions were Isoperla bilineata (Say), an omnivore, and Isoperla signata (Banks) and I. slossonae (Banks), both detritivore-herbivores. Except for omnivore Ephemerella cornuta Morgan, Ephemeroptera were detritivore-herbivores. Feeding habits of Trichoptera larvae were diverse. Species of Rhyacophilidae, Polycentropodidae, and Phyrganeidae were all carnivores, while …

A Taxonomic And Ecological Study Of The Asilidae Of Michigan, Norman T. Baker, Roland L. Fischer

The Great Lakes Entomologist

Seventy-two species of Asilidae have been recorded from Michigan. An additional seven which may occur are included. Keys to subfamilies, genera and species are given. Two subfamilies and twenty-five genera are represented. A discussion of specific identification, habitat, and distribution is given where possible.

The Laphria canis complex, index complex, and aeatus complex are discussed. One new species, Laphria calvescenta is described. Laphria disparella has been raised from synonymy. Machimus virginicus was removed from Asilus sensu-latu and placed in the genus Machimus.

The Mecoptera Of Michigan, Albert R. Thornhill, James B. Johnson

The Great Lakes Entomologist

(excerpt) To date, no one has published on the Mecoptera of Michigan. A comprehensive taxonomic paper on the Mecoptera of Illinois, by Donald W. Webb, Illinois Natural History Survey, and Norman D. Penny, University of Kansas, is in preparation and will include keys to and descriptions of the midwestern species of Mecoptera. It is hoped that the present paper will supplement the publication by Webb and Penny and enable interested persons in Michigan to easily identify adult Mecoptera.

The Morphology And Histology Of New Sex Pheremone Glands In Male Scorpionflies, Panorpa And Brachypanorpa (Mecoptera: Panorpidae And Panorpodidae), Albert R. Thornhill

The Great Lakes Entomologist

The n~orphology and histology of a previously undescribed sex pheromone gland in male scorpionflies of the genus Panorpa (Mecoptera: Panorpidae) and a morphologically similar gland in Brachypanorpa (Mecoptera: Panorpodidae) are described and discussed. The gland and the associated pheromone dispersing structure consist of an eversible pouch that lies in the ventral part of the male genital bulb at the point where the basistyles diverge. The glandular layer of epithelium is composed of three types of cells that vary in size between species of Panorpa and between Panorpa and Brachyponorpa. It is suggested that the gland may have evolved from …

The Malaise Trap: Its Utility And Potential For Sampling Insect Populations, Robert W. Matthews, Janice R. Matthews

The Great Lakes Entomologist

Slightly over three decades have elapsed since Malaise (1937) first published plans for the insect trap now bearing his name a stationary mesh tent with open sides, a central baffle, and a top-mounted collecting apparatus (Fig. 1). A non-attractant device, the Malaise trap is based upon the observation that most flying insects hitting an obstacle respond by flying (or crawling) upward (and thus into captivity).

In recent years, the Malaise trap has become increasingly popular among insect taxonomists and collectors as a means of augmenting catch and collecting rare or ephemeral representatives. Many variations have been developed (e.g., Townes, 1962; …

A New Tachinid Genus And Species Record For North America: Iceliopsis Borgmeieri Guimarães, John O. Stireman Iii, Jane E. Dell

Biological Sciences Faculty Publications

The Iceliini are a small, enigmatic New World tribe of Tachininae consisting of three genera, Icelia RobineauDesvoidy, Iceliopsis Guimarães, and Erviopsis Townsend, and five recognized species (Guimarães 1976). All known species are exclusively Neotropical in distribution with the exception of Icelia triquetra (Olivier), which ranges from Brazil, through Central America, and as far north as New York state (O’Hara & Wood 2004). Members of the tribe are generally medium-sized (ca. 7–12 mm), elongate, yellowish or grayish in color, and resemble Dexiini or Leskiini in general appearance. Species of Iceliini are relatively rarely collected and there is but a single host …

Exploring Predator-Prey Interactions In Agroecosystems Through Molecular Gut-Content Analysis, Kacie J. Athey

Theses and Dissertations--Entomology

Generalist predators can contribute to vital ecosystem services by potentially inducing trophic cascades as natural enemies of pests in agroecosystems. As the human population of the world gets larger, we need to produce more food on ever-smaller swaths of available land relying on ecosystem services, in the form of pest control, that may contribute to agricultural sustainability. Teasing apart the exact trophic linkages between predators and prey is a vital first step and essential to uncovering which predators are inducing trophic cascades and should be enhanced through conservation biological control.

Combined with ecological experimentation, the main tool used throughout my …

Using Publicly Available Data To Quantify Plant–Pollinator Interactions And Evaluate Conservation Seeding Mixes In The Northern Great Plains, Clint R.V. Otto, S. O'Dell, R. B. Bryant, N. H. Euliss Jr., R. M. Bush, Matthew D. Smart

Department of Entomology: Faculty Publications

Concern over declining pollinators has led to multiple conservation initiatives for improving forage for bees in agroecosystems. Using data available through the Pollinator Library (npwrc.usgs.gov/pollinator/), we summarize plant–pollinator interaction data collected from 2012–2015 on lands managed by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and private lands enrolled in U.S. Department of Agriculture conservation programs in eastern North Dakota (ND). Furthermore, we demonstrate how plant–pollinator interaction data from the Pollinator Library and seed cost information can be used to evaluate hypothetical seeding mixes for pollinator habitat enhancements. We summarize records of 314 wild bee and 849 honey bee (Apis mellifera …

Are Weevils Picky Eaters? Community Structure And Host Specificity Of Neotropical Saproxylic Beetles (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), Jhunior A. Morillo

Dissertations and Theses

Abstract Primary saproxylic beetles play a major role in forest nutrient cycling and making deadwood accessible to other decomposers. Understanding beetle host preferences and patterns of community assembly is critical for their conservation, and for predicting which species might become invasive. This project aims to investigate the ecological and host specificity, as well as the community composition of curculionids in a mosaic of old-growth (OG) and secondary forest on the Osa Peninsula, Costa Rica. The subfamily Scolytinae was expected to be the most species-rich and abundant. Ambrosia beetles were expected to have more generalist species than other curculionids. Old growth …

Grasshopper (Orthoptera: Caelifera) And Plant Community Relationships On Indio Mountains Research Station, Hudspeth County, Texas, Sara Ebrahim Baqla

Open Access Theses & Dissertations

An ecogeographic analysis of a grasshopper survey was conducted at eight sites on Indio Mountains Research Station (IMRS) in the Chihuahuan Desert during September 2014 through December 2015. Five sites contained ephemeral water sources (earthen tanks), one had perennial water (spring system), and two were open desert. A total of 23 grasshopper species were identified, and six of those were new records for the property. The most species rich site was Echo Tank, with 14 grasshopper species. A UPGMA dendrogram showed Red Tank and Rattlesnake Tank, both wetland sites, to be the most similar (CBR = .84). A poisson model …

Integration Of Plant Defense Traits With Biological Control Of Arthropod Pests: Challenges And Opportunities, Julie A. Peterson, Paul J. Ode, Camila Oliveira-Hofman, James D. Harwood

Entomology Faculty Publications

Crop plants exhibit a wide diversity of defensive traits and strategies to protect themselves from damage by herbivorous pests and disease. These defensive traits may be naturally occurring or artificially selected through crop breeding, including introduction via genetic engineering. While these traits can have obvious and direct impacts on herbivorous pests, many have profound effects on higher trophic levels, including the natural enemies of herbivores. Multi-trophic effects of host plant resistance have the potential to influence, both positively and negatively, biological control. Plant defense traits can influence both the numerical and functional responses of natural enemies; these interactions can be …

Integration Of Plant Defense Traits With Biological Control Of Arthropod Pests: Challenges And Opportunities, Julie A. Peterson, Paul J. Ode, Camila Oliveira-Hofman, James D. Harwood

Department of Entomology: Faculty Publications

Crop plants exhibit a wide diversity of defensive traits and strategies to protect themselves from damage by herbivorous pests and disease. These defensive traits may be naturally occurring or artificially selected through crop breeding, including introduction via genetic engineering. While these traits can have obvious and direct impacts on herbivorous pests, many have profound effects on higher trophic levels, including the natural enemies of herbivores. Multi-trophic effects of host plant resistance have the potential to influence, both positively and negatively, biological control. Plant defense traits can influence both the numerical and functional responses of natural enemies; these interactions can be …

Export Of Insect Ecosystem Services From Hayed Native Prairie, Wayne J. Ohnesorg

Department of Entomology: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

Natural areas, such as prairie, have the potential to provide the benefits of pest suppression and pollination for agricultural production. In Nebraska, prairie is often used for hay production. The impact of prairie hay production management practices on beneficial arthropods is not well understood. Four prairie hay meadows adjacent to row crop fields were selected in northeast Nebraska. The goal was to assess the impact of haying them on beneficial arthropods and the movement of natural enemies into adjacent crop fields. Three management practices were evaluated for hay harvested from prairie meadows one cut per growing season, two cuts per …