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Mathematical Simulation Of Gas And Water Coning In Petroleum Reservoirs By The Dynamic Material Balance Technique, Visheshwar Nath Simlote

Doctoral Dissertations

"The prediction of coning behavior at a producing oil well is one of the most difficult numerical simulation problems. Because of the convergent flow patterns and small sizes of the inner grid blocks, the radial coordinate models used to study the problem have a tendency to become unstable. Since several hundred pore volumes may flow through the inner grid blocks during a rather small time interval, instabilities are likely to occur in the saturation calculations for these grid blocks. The dynamic approach to saturation calculations is a method which first computes the correct material balance and then calculates the saturation …

The Effect Of Contact Angle, Surface Roughness, And Adsorption Of Heterogeneous Nucleation Of Condensing Water, Prafulla Chandra Mahata

Doctoral Dissertations

"Condensation of water vapor on various surfaces was studied experimentally. It was found that supersaturations as high as 25% were required to initiate condensation on hydrophobic surfaces. The supersaturation data agreed qualitatively with the Volmer theory of heterogeneous nucleation. The influence of adsorption of water vapor was found to be small. Surface roughness caused a little reduction in the critical supersaturation"--Abstract, page iii.

Measurements Of Condensation Coefficient Exhibited By Water Drops Grown On Rural Cloud Nuclei, Abbas M. Sinnarwalla

Doctoral Dissertations

"Values of condensation coefficient, ß, were experimentally determined for water drops grown on cloud nuclei in atmospheric air samples. The measured quantities were supersaturation, final drop size (6 to 7.5 µm radius), and time to grow from near dry radius to final radius. The drops were grown in a vertical-flow thermal diffusion chamber, at supersaturations near 0.5 and 1.0%. The final drop sizes were large enough so that ß did not depend upon the size of the nucleus producing a given drop. The average value of ß was 0.025 with a standard deviation of about 0.01"--Abstract, page 2.

Evaluation Of Methods For The Recovery, Chemical And Toxicological Characterization Of Trace Organics, James Robert Matthews

Doctoral Dissertations

"Organic contaminants are generated in substantial quantities by the activities of man and through natural processes, and are present in natural runoff, industrial wastes, and agricultural discharges; synthetic organic chemicals, many of which are refractory and reach surface and subsurface water, are of particular significance. Earlier studies have generally emphasized the organoleptic and esthetic problems caused by trace organics, although their acute and long-term toxic potential has also been recognized.

The overall objective of this investigation was the analytical and toxicological characterization of trace organics recovered concomitantly from Missouri waters of varied character by large-scale solvent extraction (SEM) and carbon …

Process Optimization By Flow Sheet Simulation, Larry Dale Gaines

Doctoral Dissertations

"PROPS, (Process Optimization System), has been used to simulate and optimize the Universal Oil Products solid phosphoric acid catalyst process for producing gasoline. PROPS, a modified version of CHESS (Chemical Engineering Simulation System), performs a complete design and economic evaluation of the process for each set of independent variables. The computational time during optimization was reduced by the use of a regression equation to determine K-values as a function of temperature and pressure. K-value data used for the regression was generated from the Chao-Seader correlation using mixtures of the gasoline components to be encountered during optimization. The regression equation produces …

Nucleate Boiling Of N-Pentane, N-Hexane And Several Mixtures Of The Two From Various Tube Arrays, Kenneth Wayne Wall

Doctoral Dissertations

"An investigation of nucleate boiling heat transfer in saturated pools of Normal Pentane, Normal Hexane and several mixtures of the two was conducted. The fluids were boiled from gold-plated, copper, cylindrical heat transfer surfaces, 4.96 inches long, and 1.048 inch in diameter. The heat transfer elements were boiled in varying vertical tube arrays at a pressure of 14.70 psia.

It was found that the mixtures boiled with a lower heat transfer coefficient than that for either pure component when boiled alone. When boiling in any of the tube bundle arrangements, the heat transfer coefficients for the upper tubes in the …

Hydrodynamic Mixing Model Applied To A Continuous Stirred-Tank Reactor With And Without Second-Order Reaction, Leon L. Otte

Doctoral Dissertations

Paper 1: "A hydrodynamic mixing (HDM) model, used to calculate the steady-state spatial distribution of conversion for a second-order reaction in a continuous stirred-tank reactor (CSTR) for non-premixed reactants was developed and contrasted with other methods. The HDM model is based on a segmental description of the reactor and includes turbulent mixing effects in each segment. As a test of the model, the experimental results obtained from a tubular reactor were found to be very well represented for a range of reactant ratios. Spatial distributions of concentration and segregation intensity (degree of mixing) within the CSTR were determined for a …

A Study Of Exothermic Chemical Reaction In A Porous Catalyst Wedge, Joseph Michael Schardl Jr.

Doctoral Dissertations

"Temperature and composition were measured at various locations in a system where ethylene is hydrogenated to ethane on a 1/4 inch porous catalyst wedge made of nickel supported on alumina. 'When the wedge of catalyst was bathed in hydrogen, experimental results indicated a high temperature rise from the feed temperature to the catalyst which is implied by the diffusion controlled regime for solid catalyzed, highly exothermic reactions. This high activity was reversibly reduced by bathing the catalyst wedge in nitrogen for extended time periods (greater than 24 hours). This nitrogen soaking changed the experimental conditions from those of diffusion controlled …

Rc-Gyrator Ladder And Rlc Symmetrical Lattice Network Synthesis - A State-Space Approach, Tien Hua

Doctoral Dissertations

"This dissertation presents two network realization procedures using the state-space approach. The first procedure is the realization of a transfer function. A state model (A,B,C,D) is obtained from the given transfer function by inspection, where A is a companion matrix. Through a similarity transformation T, another state model (F,G,H,J) is obtained, where F is a tridiagonal matrix and can be realized by a RC-gyrator ladder network. The input source is inserted in the proper position of the ladder network, and the output is obtained through a summing circuit. It is a unified procedure and uses simple algebraic computation. A general …

Solid-Fluid Drag Reduction, Ian Radin

Doctoral Dissertations

"Pressure drop measurements were made on a variety of solid-liquid suspension systems in order to study the effects of particle shape and size, concentration, fluid viscosity and tube diameter on drag reduction. Measurements were made over a wide range of Reynolds numbers in two tubes: 1/4 inch and 1 inch in diameter.

Drag reduction could always be obtained with fibrous additives of length-to-diameter ratio greater than 25-35 if the concentration was sufficiently high. The drag reduction behavior of these suspensions is different from that of high polymer and soap solutions. Laminar flow behavior is stabilized giving lower than normal friction …

Numerical Modeling Of The Early Stage Of Cloud Formation In A Simulation Chamber, Adel Nassif Saad

Doctoral Dissertations

"A numerical model has been developed to simulate the growth of cloud droplets by condensation upon a spectrum of hygroscopic nuclei. The model is applicable to cloud simulation chamber conditions as well as to the study of the role of these nuclei on cloud base microstructure.

Equations are given for the growth by condensation of water vapor on a population of hygroscopic nuclei in a volume being cooled by expansion. The equations are integrated simultaneously, using Hamming's modified predictor-corrector method for given initial conditions, to obtain the droplet size distribution, temperature, pressure, supersaturation, and liquid water content. Temperature fluctuations, sedimentation …

Separation Of Gas Mixtures Via Batch Parametric Pumping : A Theoretical Study, Jose G. Lopez

Theses

An equilibrium plug?flow model, for the batch isothermal separation of a binary gas mixture in a pressure changing parametric pump, was investigated for the system propane?argon on carbon, with the aid of a G. E. Pack 4020 computer. Separation factors comparable to a temperature changing parametric pump are predicted by the model. A change in pressure of the gas mixture may be carried out very rapidly, compared with a temperature change of similar magnitude. The effects of temperature, pressure, concentration, and penetration are discussed.

Recommended Procedures For Conducting Pull-Over, Pull-Out And Single-Shear Tests Of Mechanical Connections, John Fraczek, George Winter, Teoman Peköz

CCFSS Library (1939 - present)

1. SCOPE 1.1 These methods cover procedures and definitions for the mechanical testing of joints formed by connecting a cold-formed steel member to a cold-formed or hot-rolled steel member with one or more mechanical fasteners. The purpose of these procedures is the determination of the load capacities of the joints so formed. 1.2 The term "mechanical fastener" or "fastener" shall be defined as any mechanical device used in the connection of two or more members, inclusive of such devices as bolts, tapping screws and rivets but exclusive of welds and adhesives. 1.3 The following mechanical tests are described: Sections Pull-Over …

Recommended Procedures For Conducting Pull-Over, Pull-Out And Single-Shear Tests Of Mechanical Connections, John Fraczek, George Winter, Teoman Peköz

CCFSS Library (1939 - present)

SCOPE 1.1 These methods cover procedures and definitions for the mechanical testing of joints formed by connecting a cold-formed steel member to a cold-formed or hot-rolled steel member with one or more mechanical fasteners. The purpose of these procedures is the determination of the load capacities of the joints so formed. 1.2 The term "mechanical fastener" or "fastener" shall be defined as any mechanical device used in the connection of two or more members, inclusive of such devices as bolts, tapping screws and rivets but exclusive of welds and adhesives. 1.3 The following mechanical tests are described: Pull-Over Sections 4-11, …

The Creep Response Of Cohesive Soils: A Method Of Design Using Rheological Strength Parameters, David L. Allen

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

The creep response of four remolded soils and undisturbed soils from two landslide sites is presented. A method for obtaining the yield stress of soil from creep test data is presented and discussed. "Viscosity diagrams", showing the location of the yield stress is approximately 50 percent of peak stress, were obtained from conventional triaxial tests. There is more scatter in data from undisturbed soils than in data from remolded soils. Mohr's failure envelopes, constructed from yield stress data, give internal friction angles having values from approximately five to ten degrees. Strength data, calculated indirectly from peak relaxation modulus, are also …

Auto-Utility Trailer Combinations On Rural Highways In Kentucky, Bruce S. Siria, Robert C. Deen

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

An analysis of accident records indicated that auto-utility trailer (A-UT) combinations are involved in a disproportionately high number of traffic mishaps. Locations which have a history of accidents involving A-UT vehicles indicated that differential crosswinds and unanticipated driving maneuvers contribute to the driver's loss of control. A-UT combinations contributed to the fatigue loss in pavement life approximately 50 percent as much as single-unit, two-axle, six-tire trucks (per vehicle). In general, this vehicle type constituted approximately three percent of the total traffic stream. Analysis of speed distributions indicated an equivalency factor for A-UT combinations equal to that for trucks for similar …

Traffic Control For Maintenance On High-Speed Highways, William M. Seymour, Robert C. Deen, James H. Havens

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

Observations were first made at lane closures on interstate highways where yellow warning signs were erected routinely in conjunction with contract work. Later data provided direct comparison between new yellow and new orange signs. One sign scheme was used throughout the study. Driver obedience improved when new signs of either color were used; this finding implies that signs should always be maintained in good condition. Orange signs were slightly more effective than yellow signs in reducing traffic conflicts and merges near the traffic cones. Results of the study tend to support the adoption of orange as the standard color for …

Thermal Oxidation Of Gallium Arsenide Phosphide., Leo Edward Coerver

Electrical and Computer Engineering ETDs

This work covers the most important basic facts about the thermal oxidation of gallium arsenide phosphide. The work is confined to lightly dopes GaAs(1-x)^px material with a phosphorus mole fraction of 0.50+-0.02. All oxidations were carried out in open tubes and consequently at atm

ospheric pressure. Initial studies over a wide range of oxidation temper­atures showed that serious surface damage to the semiconductor surface occurred if the oxidation temperature was greater than 700° C. An anneal in an inert atmosphere at a temperature no greater than 700° C for at least 90 minutes was required to obtain good pinhole-free dielectrics. …

Electron Beam Evaporated Aluminum Oxide Gate Silicon Transistors., Chang-Ching Cheng

Electrical and Computer Engineering ETDs

Aluminum oxide films prepared by the electron beam evaporation of Al2O3 tablets have been studied in metal-insulator-semiconductor devices. The structure of Al2O3 films is amorphous with a density os 2.25 gm/cm3. The film conductivity is smaller than 5x10^14 (ohm-cm)^-1 and the breakdown strength is higher than 1.3x10^6 V/cm. The transport mechanisms in the film are believed to be impurity-induced flow at room temperature and Poole-Frenkel emission at higher temperatures.

The average relative dielectric constant is about 7. The interface surface states of the MIS sample are small in the middle of the forbidden band, gradually increasing toward the band edges. …

Analysis Of A High-Heat-Flux Water Heat Pipe Evaporator, Michael Einar Berger

Mechanical Engineering ETDs

An analysis was made to determine a surface which has potential use in a high-heat-flux, low-temperature-drop water heat pipe evaporator. A comprehensive survey of the literature was made to determine those surfaces which had high-heat-flux potential under evaporation. A circumferentially grooved surface was selected as the surface to be analyzed. Two groove geometries were selected for analysis, rectangular and triangular. A mathematical model of the grooves was constructed in order to predict the maximum surface heat flux capability. In addition, a model of the heat transfer within the fluted surface was proposed which postulated that conduction through the wall and …

Local And Overall Buckling Of Cold-Formed Compression Members, John T. Dewolf, George Winter, Teoman Peköz

CCFSS Library (1939 - present)

The objective of this investigation has been to develop information on the interaction between local plate buckling and overall column buckling in cold-formed compression members with a view toward possible improvement of those provisions in the American Iron and Steel Institute Specification for the Design or Cold-Formed Steel Structural Members concerned with column design. Two types of compression members were tested: two channels connected flange-to-flange to form a box section, and two channels connected back-to-back to form an I-section. For both of these shapes, the stress at which local buckling occurs and the postbuckling strength were varied by varying the …

Evaluation Of The Traffic Noise Prediction Procedure, Kenneth R. Agent, Charles V. Zegeer

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

Approximately 270 noise-level recordings were obtained at 39 highway sites and compared with the noise-level predictions obtained by the procedure outlined in NCHRP Report 117. The measured noise levels were computed in terms of the A-weighted L₁₀ value (level exceeded 10 percent of time) and then compared to the predicted noise levels. A significant discrepancy was found between predicted and measured noise levels; generally, the predicted values exceeded the measured values. Average error per location was 4.8 dBA; the maximum error was 13 dBA. A nomograph was devised to correct the predicted value; this nomograph involves observer-to-roadway distances, truck …

Traffic Accident Reporting In Kentucky, Donald R. Herd

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

This study reviews the organizational structure and processing procedures used in accident surveillance. Consideration was given to the techniques that various state governmental agencies use in their analysis of accident reports and statistics. It was concluded that Kentucky should enact uniform accident reporting legislation. A standard form should be prescribed for use by law enforcement agencies in complying with the reporting requirement. The creation of an Accident Records Unit to receive, process, and statistically analyze the reports is recommended.

Dynamics Of Interconnected Systems With Pulse Frequency Modulators, Halil Ozcan Gulcur

Dissertations

The objective of this dissertation is to study the dynamics of systems consisting of interconnections of an arbitrary number of complete-reset pulse frequency modulators (CRPFM's) and linear dynamical subsystems (in general, time-varying, lumped and/or distributed). CRPFM, which represents a generalization of several types of pulse frequency modulators (PFM's), consists of two basic components; a multi-input dynamic element, called the timing-filter (TF) and a threshold device (TD). Whenever the output of the TF reaches a given threshold value the TD generates an impulse and, at the same time, resets all the states of the TF to zero. This dissertation is devoted …

The Effect Of Variation In The Ratio Of Specific Heats With Temperature And Pressure On Horsepower Requirements Of Reciprocating Compressors, Selim Piskin

Theses

The expansion and compression of fluids is discussed in relation to the design of reciprocating compressors. As part of this thesis, the design equations for reciprocating compressors are developed for both ideal and reel gases.

The resulting design equations contain, as one of the parameters, the ratio of the specific heats. Using published componential specific heat data, a correlation was developed relating the dependence of the ratio of specific heat on temperature and pressure for the nore common gases. These correlations were developed so as to be compatible with the compressor design equation and to provide rapid evaluation of the …

Explosive Metal Forming, Braulio Antonio Tovar

Graduate Research Papers

This study will be concerned with investigating the development of equipment and instructional materials to teach a unit of explosive metal forming in a high school Industrial Arts class. The study will be specifically concerned with: (1) dies and dies blanks for explosive forming, (2) physical phenomena such as velocity, pressure forces, etc., generated in the explosion, (3) technical and laboratory activity content regarding explosion forming, and (4) to prepare a final written report.

Strain-Aging And The Bauschinger Effect In Steel, S. P. Gupta, A. A. Johnson, Shoukat P. Kodali

CCFSS Proceedings of International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (1971 - 2018)

No abstract provided.

Properties Of Cold Compressed Steel Tubes, W. Carl Anderson

CCFSS Proceedings of International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (1971 - 2018)

No abstract provided.

Shell Roofs And Grain Bins Made Of Corrugated Steel Sheets, M. N. El-Atrouzy, George Abdel-Sayed

CCFSS Proceedings of International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (1971 - 2018)

No abstract provided.

Cold-Formed Steel Framing With Gypsum Facing, John L. Lutfallah, Frederick A. Thulin Jr.

CCFSS Proceedings of International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (1971 - 2018)

No abstract provided.