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Laboratory Model Studies Of Pneumatic Fracturing Of Soils To Remove Volatile Organic Compounds, Panayiotis Papanicolaou

Theses

Bench-scale laboratory studies were conducted from January 1988 to October 1988 to demonstrate the feasibility of using Pneumatic Fracturing* to enhance the removal of Volatile Organic Compounds from the vadose soil zone. Experiments were conducted to investigate: 1) The effect of pneumatic fracturing on the rate of contaminant removal; and 2) the injection pressures required to initiate soil fracturing.

Contaminated soil was placed and compacted in three identical 15 inch square by 30 inch high plexiglass tanks. The first tank was equipped with a vapor extraction system consisting of vacuum and/or positive air injection. The second tank was equipped with …

Reagents For Magnetizing Nonmagnetic Materials, Jiann-Yang Hwang

Michigan Tech Patents

Particles of a nonmagnetic material are rendered magnetic by contacting their surfaces with a magnetizing reagent comprising water containing particles of a magnetic material, each of which has a two layer surfactant coating including an inner layer and an outer layer. The inner layer covers the magnetic particle and is a mono- molecular layer of a first water soluble, organic, hetero- polar surfactant containing at least 3 carbon atoms and having a functional group on one end which bonds with the magnetic particle. The outer layer coats the inner layer and is a monomolecular layer of a second water soluble, …

Total Maximum Daily Loads And Waste Load Allocations For Las Vegas Bay: Rationale And Calulations, State Of Nevada: Division Of Environmental Protection

Publications (WR)

In September 1987 the Nevada Division of Environmental Protection revised Water Quality Standards for Las Vegas Wash (LVW) and Lake Mead. Standards were set for chlorophyll-a and unionized ammonia in Las Vegas Bay (LVB) (NDEP 1987). The 1986 and 1987 LVB data showed non-achievement of both the chlorophyll-a and unionized ammonia standard which triggered an analysis of total phosphorus and total ammonia Total Maximum Daily Loads and Waste Load Allocations which are presented in this report. This report is separated into three sections: 1. 1987 Las Vegas Bay Water Quality Conditions and Seasonal Periodicity. 2. Concentration Estimates at Northshore Road …

Santa Clara Magazine, Volume 31 Number 3, Spring 1989, Santa Clara University

Santa Clara Magazine

10 - VISION Santa Clara's new president talks about his priorities for the University in the decade ahead.

15 - FAMILY IN CRISIS Is the Silicon Valley family an endangered species?

18 - DUBLIN: CITY OF 1,000 YEARS Today it is a bustling European capital. But progress has come at a price.

22 - GEORGE AND THE SILVER FOX A behind-the-scenes look at President and Mrs. Bush.

27 - WHO SHALL CARE .. . AND HOW? By 2020 every fourth American may be 65 or over.

An Experimental Study Of Dewatering Of Alum Sludge, Uday G. Kelkar

Civil & Environmental Engineering Theses & Dissertations

The use of aluminum sulfate (Alum) as a coagulant for treating surface water was introduced in 1884. When this salt is added to water, the aluminum Ion hydrolyzes by reaction that consumes alkalinity in water. The gelatinous hydroxide thus formed in the reaction, carries suspended material with it as it settles. In addition, however, it is likely that positively charged hydroxyl-bridge dimmers and higher polymers are formed which interact specifically with the colloidal particles, bringing about coagulation. These gelatinous floes settle by gravity, called sludge, consists of relatively large quantities of suspended and colloidal inorganic and organic materials.

The disposal …

Agricultural Pesticide Hazard To Groundwater In Utah, Hubert Eisele, Majid Ehteshami, Richard C. Peralta, Howard M. Deer, Terry T. Tindall

Civil and Environmental Engineering Faculty Publications

We gratefully acknowledge the funding support of the Utah Department of Agriculture and the following offices at Utah State University. The Department of Agricultural and Irrigation Engineering, the International Irrigation Center, the Department of Animal, Dairy and Veterinary Sciences, the Department of Soil Science and Biometerology, and the University Extension Services.

Wright State University College Of Engineering And Computer Science Bits And Pcs Newsletter, March 1989, College Of Engineering And Computer Science, Wright State University

BITs and PCs Newsletter

A ten page newsletter created by the Wright State University College of Engineering and Computer Science that addresses the current affairs of the college.

Management Strategies To Minimize And Reduce Soil Compaction, A. J. Jones, R. A. Wiese, Elbert C. Dickey

Department of Agricultural and Biological Systems Engineering: Faculty Publications

Nature has some built-in processes that reduce soil compaction. They include cycles of wetting and drying, and freezing and thawing.

In the last 20 to 30 years, farming practices have changed drastically. These farming changes have made it more difficult for nature to rejuvenate the soil environment to an optimum condition for crops. Performing field operations on wet soils, using multiple field operations to grow the same crop continuously, and eliminating meadow crops from crop rotations contribute to more extensive and deeper compaction.

Each farmer has the opportunity to make decisions that can keep soils from becoming compacted.

Adoption of …

Computational Aspects Of Chance-Constrained Sustained Groundwater Yield Management, R. R.A. Cantiller, Richard C. Peralta

Civil and Environmental Engineering Faculty Publications

A methodology for including chance-constraints in models for maximizing regional sustained-yield groundwater extraction is presented. The procedure utilizes the spatially distributed mean and variance of saturated thickness in a confined aquifer. This data is derivable from kriging, a geostatistical technique. The technique is applied to a scenario of somewhat egalitarian agricultural development dependent on groundwater. Decision makers in this situation know that groundwater availability is insufficient to supply all potential demand. They plan to implement a sustained yield groundwater extraction strategy. They know that because of uncertain knowledge of aquifer parameters, at some point in the future, available groundwater in …

Evaluation Of Irrigation Planning Decisions, Derrel L. Martin, James R. Gilley, Raymond J. Supalla

Department of Agricultural and Biological Systems Engineering: Faculty Publications

A method is developed to determine optimal irrigation strategies for a single season using crop production functions which incorporate physically based coefficients. The relationship of yield to evapotranspiration is used to develop the yield-irrigation function. The physical parameters used in the production function can be determined from field measurements or various types of computer simulation. Using this approach, the optimal irrigated area and depth of water to apply can be related to prices, costs, and physical parameters. This produces a more general solution than commonly used production functions that depend on limited experimental results. The optimal irrigation depth and irrigated …

Molecular Modeling In Anatoxin And Other Semirigid Agonists, Wen-Chung Shang

Theses

Conformational search and molecular mechanics calculations were combined to investigate the structural flexibility of isoquinolone, the anatoxin series, and the ferruginine series. Ring searching allow all rational conformations to be generated.

Isoquinolone shows conformational similarity to isoarecolone but is much less potent which suggests that the proximity of the methyl group beta to the carbonyl groups affects the bioactivity of isoquinolone. The very active agonist-anatoxin, without a similar conformation as isoarecolone, shared a similar electrostatic potential contour in the vicinity between the two atoms connected to the electro-positive nitrogen and hydrogen bonding site. These phenomena were not found in ferruginine …

Assessment Of Squirrel-Caused Power Outages, J. Chris Hamilton, Ron J. Johnson, Ronald M. Case, Michael W. Riley

School of Natural Resources: Faculty Publications

Squirrel-caused power outages in Lincoln and Omaha, Nebraska, were evaluated by examining company power outage reports and by consulting with power company representatives. Reports showed that squirrel-caused outages at pole-mounted transformers were most prevalent during May, June, and October (48% of total) and between 1 and 4 h after sunrise (38%), patterns that coincide with squirrel dispersal or morning activity periods. In Lincoln, 1980 and 1981, squirrels caused 177 outages per year, which was 24% of all outages and 90% of animal-caused outages. Estimated minimum annual costs were $23 364 for repairs, public relations, and lost revenue while meters were …

Review Of Radial Dose Measurement Technique And Data, Matesh N. Varma

United States Department of Energy: Publications

Radial dose is the average energy deposited in a short length of cylindrical shell formed between radii r and r + dr, per unit mass. Here, r is the distance perpendicular to the trajectory of an incident charged particle. Radial dose profiles as a function of radial distance for charged particles have been used to interpret radiobiological data. This article reviews the technique for measuring radial dose distributions and the available data.

Sludge Digestion By Anaerobic Fluidized Beds. Ii: Kinetic Model, Bill T. Ray, Ju-Chang Huang, Brian A. Dempsey

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

A model has been developed to describe the gas production and soluble-COD variations from the digestion of waste-activated sludge in the anaerobic fluidized-bed reactor. It indicates that a substantial rate increase can be attained by prehydrolysis of the biological sludge, external to the reactor. The model indicates that the rate-limiting step is in the sludge hydrolysis. The model is developed from an assumption of first-order kinetics in a set of series and parallel, irreversible reactions. That is, the formation of soluble substrate is first order with respect to the particulate biomass present, and that the production of methane is first …

Santa Clara Magazine, Volume 31 Number 2, Winter 1989, Santa Clara University

Santa Clara Magazine

10 - MANUFACTURED MOTHERHOOD A Catholic theologian looks at reproductive technology.

16 - ELECTION '88 Will Bush put a new face on Uncle Sam?

20 - IN THE FACE OF AIDS What alumna Sharon Kugler '81 learned hel ping AIDS sufferers.

23 - ON A ROLL New York's hottest director is SCU's Ron Lagomarsino '73.

25 - DO JOBS AND COLLEGE MIX? Alumni and students tell how they fit part-time jobs into their schedules/

Integrating Scheduling And Control Functions In Computer Integrated Manufacturing Using Artificial Intelligence, Luis Carlos Rabelo, Sema E. Alptekin

Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering

Proper integration of scheduling and control in Flexible Manufacturing Systems will make available the required level of decision-making capacity to provide a flexibly-automated, efficient, and quality manufacturing process. To achieve this level of integration, the developments in computer technology and sophisticated techniques of artificial intelligence (AI) should be applied to such FMS functions as scheduling. In this paper, we present an Intelligent Scheduling System for FMS under development that makes use of the integration of two AI technologies. These two AI technologies — Neural Networks and Expert Systems — provide the intelligence that the scheduling function requires in order to …

Using Living Materials To Intervene In The Natural Succession Process To Accelerate The Re-Development Of A Self-Sustaining Ecosystem That Has Been Damaged By Human Intervention, Eric Jorgensen

Materials Engineering

No abstract provided.

Sludge Digestion By Anaerobic Fluidized Beds. I: Lab Performance Data, Ju-Chang Huang, Bill T. Ray, Yao Jiang Huang

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

This study was undertaken to evaluate the laboratory performance of the anaerobic fluidized bed digesting secondary biological sludge at 35° C with four hydraulic-retention times (HRTs): 1, 2.5, 5, and 10 days. In addition, the effects of both operating temperature (15° C, 25° C and 35° C) and the initial sludge solubilization on the digester performance were also examined. It was found that at 35° C, an adequate degree of sludge digestion was obtainable with an HRT of only 1-2 days if the influent biological sludge was presolubilized by treatment with 17.5 meq/L of sodium hydroxide. If no presolubilization was …

Ua66/9 The Birth Of Engineering Technology, Boyce Tate, Wku Engineering

WKU Administration Documents

A history of Engineering Technology at WKU.

Energetic Electron Tracks And Dna Strand Breaks, A. Chatterjee, W. R. Holley

United States Department of Energy: Publications

A theoretical model with no adjustable parameters is presented to evaluate the strand break yields for incident electrons between 100 eV and 1 MeV. Indirect mechanisms as well as direct mechanisms are included for the production of strand breaks. The model includes the following features: (i) multiple scattering of low energy electrons; (ii) decay of hydroxyl radicals in an aqueous solution containing Tris buffer; (iii) Monte Carlo simulation of the motion of hydroxyl radicals for interaction with the DNA sites; and (iv) stochastic aspects of the direct ionization on the DNA sites and the use of oscillator strength of a …

The Katz Cell-Survival Model And Beams Of Heavy Charged Particles, Stanley B. Curtis

United States Department of Energy: Publications

In this paper, we describe how the Katz cell-survival model has been used to predict survival along the central axis of the dose vs depth curve of beams of heavy charged particles. Unmodified beams with sharp Bragg peaks as well as ridge-filter-modulated beams with spread Bragg peaks have been studied. The analysis in terms of this model leads to the definition of two coefficients, "ion kill" and "gamma kill", which characterize the radiation quality of the beams. In this way, the relative importance of the primary lind secondary (fragmentation) contributions can be assessed easily.

Setting the model parameter m equal …

Physical Aspects Of Charged Particle Track Structure, R. H. Ritchie, R. N. Hamm, J. E. Turner, H. A. Wright, J. C. Ashley, G. J. Banks

United States Department of Energy: Publications

A plasmon generated by a swift charged particle constitutes a coherent excitation about the particle track. We discuss the physics of the plasmon in condensed matter and its effects on electron transport in liquid water. Criteria for the existence of the plasmon III a given substance, Its characteristics when generated by a swift charged particle, its representation in impact parameter space, and its decay into localized excitations are described. We describe how plasmon excitation and decay are implemented in our Monte Carlo code, OREC, and how track structure calculations are affected by this mode.

Subsurface Transport Of Contaminants, John E. Mccarthy, John M. Zachara

United States Department of Energy: Publications

Contaminants originating from human activities have entered the subsurface environment through waste disposal practices, spills, and land application of chemicals. The establishment of effective disposal and isolation procedures for chemical wastes, the protection of public health, and the amelioration of subsurface contamination rely on the ability to predict the velocity at which contaminants move through the vadose (unsaturated) and saturated zones. However, attempts to describe and predict contaminant transport cannot succeed if major pathways and mechanisms for transport are not defined.

Most approaches to describing and predicting the movement of contaminants treat groundwater as a two-phase system in which contaminants …

The Cost Of Misapplication Of Herbicides, Robert Grisso, Elbert C. Dickey, Larry D. Schulze

Department of Agricultural and Biological Systems Engineering: Faculty Publications

A field survey of 103 private herbicide applicators was conducted during the spring of 1986 in 12 central and eastern Nebraska counties. The results showed that only 30% of the cooperators were applying herbicides within 5% of their intended application rate. Twenty-six percent of the cooperators over-applied herbicides during a single application, with an average cost due to misapplication of $3.11/ha ($1.26/a). If these values were extended over Nebraska, $4.26 million are expended for extra herbicides which were not necessary. The average cost of over application was in excess of $570 per application. Forty-four percent of the cooperators under-applied herbicides …

Organ Doses In Routine Radiographic Procedures, Yang Han

Theses and Dissertations

There is general agreement that the extent of the risk from x-ray examination is related in some way to the radiation dose. As the dose increases, the likelihood of significant biological effects also increases. If a clear correlation between dose and effect is to be established, a convenient and reasonably accurate method of estimating patient’s absorbed doses during common radiographic examinations will be highly needed. A simple method is developed in this project to determine the two important parameters e exposure at skin entrance (ESE) and half value layer (IIVL), which is essential to get reasonably accurate estimates of absorbed …

Soil Phase Photodegradation Of Toxic Organics At Contaminated Disposal Sites For Soil Renovation And Groundwater Quality Protection, W. M. Moore, R. Ryan Dupont, J. E. Mclean

Reports

Accurate assessment of the potential for contaminated soil remediation requires detailed knowledge of the fate of waste constituents within the soil environment. For many non-biodegradable organics compounds, photochemical degradation may provide a potential pathway for the removal of such compounds from soil surfaces. A study was conducted to evaluate the rate of photodegradation of ten hazardous organic compounds from three soils, silica gel, and four soil minerals (kaolinite, montmorillonite, illite, and calcite) under conditions of controlled irradiation. In addition, the effect of siz amendment treatments (methylene blue, riboflavin, hydrogen peroxide, diethylamine, peat moss, and silica gel) on the rates of …

Bear River Water Quality: Bioavailable Phosphorus Measurement, Sources, And Control, Kenneth W. Barker, Darwin L. Sorensen, Jay C. Andersen, Jean M. Ihnat

Reports

No abstract provided.

Nebraska Summary: S078 Ford Versatile 276, Nebraska Tractor Test Lab

Nebraska Tractor Tests

ABOUT THE TEST REPORT AND USE OF THE DATA The test data contained in this report are a tabulation of the results of a series of tests. Due to the restricted format of these pages, only a limited amount of data and not all of the tractor specifications are included. The full OECD report contains usually about 30 pages of data and specifications. The test data were obtained for each tractor under similar conditions and therefore, provide a means of comparison of performance based on a limited set of reported data. EXPLANATION OF THE TEST PROCEDURES Purpose The purpose of …

Nebraska Summary: S079 Massey Ferguson 390t, Nebraska Tractor Test Lab

Nebraska Tractor Tests

ABOUT THE TEST REPORT AND USE OF THE DATA The test data contained in this report are a tabulation of the results of a series of tests. Due to the restricted format of these pages, only a limited amount of data and not all of the tractor specifications are included. The full OECD report contains usually about 30 pages of data and specifications. The test data were obtained for each tractor under similar conditions and therefore, provide a means of comparison of performance based on a limited set of reported data. EXPLANATION OF THE TEST PROCEDURES Purpose The purpose of …

Nebraska Summary: S071 Massey Ferguson 253, Nebraska Tractor Test Lab

Nebraska Tractor Tests

ABOUT THE TEST REPORT AND USE OF THE DATA The test data contained in this report are a tabulation of the results of a series of tests. Due to the restricted format of these pages, only a limited amount of data and not all of the tractor specifications are included. The full OECD report contains usually about 30 pages of data and specifications. The test data were obtained for each tractor under similar conditions and therefore, provide a means of comparison of performance based on a limited set of reported data. EXPLANATION OF THE TEST PROCEDURES Purpose The purpose of …