Digital Commons Network^™

Pc Windows Finite Element Modeling Of Landfill Gas Flow, Stephen R. Mull, Robert L. Lang, Samuel A. Vigil, Harold M. Cota

Civil and Environmental Engineering

A two dimensional demonstration program, GAS, has been developed for the solution of landfill gas (LFG) flow problems on a personal computer (PC). The program combines a Windows™ graphical user interface, object oriented programming (OOP) techniques, and finite element modeling (FEM) to demonstrate the practicality of performing LFG flow modeling on the PC. GAS is demonstrated on a sample LFG problem consisting of a landfill, one gas extraction well, the landfill liner, cap, and surrounding soil. Analyses of the program results are performed for successively finer grid resolutions. Element flux imbalance, execution time, and required memory are characterized as a …

Ua3/8/5 Application For Cause Award For Excellence In Campus Networking, Wku President's Office-Meredith

WKU Administration Documents

Application for CAUSE award for excellence in campus networking gives details about the first WKU computer network.

Application Of Neural Networks To Channel Assignment For Cellular Cdma Networks With Multiple Services And Mobile Base Stations, William S. Hortos

Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Faculty Publications

The use of artificial neural networks to the channel assignment problem for cellular code- division multiple access (CDMA) telecommunications systems is considered. CDMA takes advantage of voice activity and spatial isolation because its capacity is only interference limited, unlike time-division multiple access (TDMA) and frequency-division multiple access (FDMA) where capacities are bandwidth limited. Any reduction in interference in CDMA translates linearly into increased capacity. FDMA and TDMA use a frequency reuse pattern as a method to increase capacity, while CDMA reuses the same frequency for all cells and gains a reuse efficiency by means of orthogonal codes. The latter method …

Determination Of Adaptively Adjusted Coefficients For Hopfield Neural Networks Utilizing The Energy Function, Chiyeon Park, Donald W. Fausett

Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Faculty Publications

With its potential for parallel computation and general applicability, the Hopfield neural network has been investigated and improved by many researchers in order to extend its usefulness to various combinatorial problems. In spite of its success in several applications within different energy function formulations, determination of the energy coefficients has been based primarily on trial and error methods since no practical and systematic way of finding good values has been available preciously, although some theoretical analyses have been presented. In this paper, we present a methodical procedure which adaptively determines the energy coefficients leading to a valid solution as the …

Proceedings: Seventeenth Vertebrate Pest Conference, Rohnert Park, California, March 5-7, 1996 (Complete Work), Robert M. Timm , Editor, A. Charles Crabb , Editor

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 17th (1996)

340 registered attendees
58 papers
273 pages
52 Mb

You have come from throughout California, from across the United States, and from many corners of the world to gather here for the purpose of sharing information, expertise, and wisdom in dealing with vertebrate pest problems. Our common purpose is to find yet better methods for preventing and resolving situations in which wildlife comes into conflict with humans. The Conference's mission remains one of education. We learn from each other, and we strive to find better ways of applying our knowledge to real-world problems.

Generalized Hidden Filter Markov Models Applied To Speaker Recognition, John M. Colombi

Theses and Dissertations

Classification of time series has wide Air Force, DoD and commercial interest, from automatic target recognition systems on munitions to recognition of speakers in diverse environments. The ability to effectively model the temporal information contained in a sequence is of paramount importance. Toward this goal, this research develops theoretical extensions to a class of stochastic models and demonstrates their effectiveness on the problem of text-independent (language constrained) speaker recognition. Specifically within the hidden Markov model architecture, additional constraints are implemented which better incorporate observation correlations and context, where standard approaches fail. Two methods of modeling correlations are developed, and their …

Optimal Pumping Strategies To Maximize Dissolved Tce Extraction At Mather Afb, California, Richard C. Peralta, Alaa H. Aly

Civil and Environmental Engineering Faculty Publications

USU first estimated the future TCE concentrations that would result if no pumping strategy were implemented (Figure 5, Scenario AO). Then USU used the procedure of Appendix B with the model formulation of Appendix C to compute optimal pumping strategies. In computing optimal strategies USU cycled until an arbitrary three percent contaminant mass convergence criterion was satisfied.

Wright State University College Of Engineering And Computer Science Bits And Pcs Newsletter, Volume 12, Number 2, February 1996, College Of Engineering And Computer Science, Wright State University

BITs and PCs Newsletter

A fourteen page newsletter created by the Wright State University College of Engineering and Computer Science that addresses the current affairs of the college.

On Optimal Design And Applications Of Linear Transforms, Mehmet V. Tazebay

Dissertations

Linear transforms are encountered in many fields of applied science and engineering. In the past, conventional block transforms provided acceptable answers to different practical problems. But now, under increasing competitive pressures, with the growing reservoir of theory and a corresponding development of computing facilities, a real demand has been created for methods that systematically improve performance. As a result the past two decades have seen the explosive growth of a class of linear transform theory known as multiresolution signal decomposition. The goal of this work is to design and apply these advanced signal processing techniques to several different problems.

The …

Anaerobic Digestion And Acid Hydrolysis Of Nitrocellulose, Fong-Jung Tai

Dissertations

In this investigation, studies were conducted to evaluate the biodegradation of nitrocellulose in anaerobic batch reactors with and without the supplemental carbon inducers, such as cellulose, cellobiose, and lactose. Results from the anaerobic study show that degradation of nitrocellulose alone is difficult and that nitrocellulose degradative enzymes could be induced by the three inducers tested. As high as 48.91% conversion could be obtained at Cellulose/Nitrocellulose ratio of 1 to I. Studies also indicated that type 20 and 50 celluloses would be more effective and optimum pH was about 6.4 in biodegradation of nitrocellulose. Three testing systems, namely, single-stage, two-stage, and …

Remediation And Reuse Of Chromium Contaminated Soils Through Cold Top Ex-Site Vitrification, Wiwat Kamolpornwijit

Theses

More than 150 sites in Hudson County, New Jersey are identified as chromium contaminated sites. Hexavalent chromium, highly soluble in water, is considered as an environmental and health hazard, classified as a group A human carcinogen. In this research, the feasibility was performed to study the possibility of remediation of chromium contaminated soil by ex-situ vitrification and to evaluate reuse potential of vitrified products as highway construction aggregate. A series of physical and chemical analysis was conducted on nine soil samples collected from different chromium contaminated sites. Results were analyzed for their compatibility for vitrification. Sand and carbon were added …

Sensivity Analysis And Design Calculations With Biofiltration Models, Michael Lawrence Cohen

Theses

Biofiltration is a new technology for biological treatment of volatile organic compounds present in airstreams. It is a complex process and thus, engineering models which attempt to describe it are by necessity very involved and contain a large number of parameters.

In this study, two models describing biofiltration of airstreams carrying a single pollutant (VOC) were used in detailed parameter-sensitivity studies. One model concerned biofiltration under steady-state conditions, while the second described the transient behavior of the process. The intent of the sensitivity studies was to determine which model parameters need to be known with accuracy in order to allow …

Comparison Of Reductive Dehalogenation By Microbial Populations On Adsorptive Versus Non-Adsorptive Bioreactor Support Materials, Linda S. Colella

Theses

The overall performance of two bioreactors was studied. The reactor with a wood-based activated carbon as a biosupport completely dehalogenated a higher feed concentration of trichlorophenol than that with Manville beads. The carbon reactor was further characterized by the development of adsorption isotherms for most of the class of chlorophenols. Competitive adsorption wag investigated using an anaerobic medium, and a lignite-based carbon was studied for comparison. The order of adsorption strength on both carbons is trichloropenols> dichlorophenols> monochlorophenols, with the wood-based carbon having higher overall adsorption than the lignite-based carbon. The presence of the anaerobic medium decreased the extent of …

Determination Of Physical Parameters Affecting Biofiltration Of Vocs, Steven Matthew Wojdyla

Theses

This study dealt with the determination of physical and design parameters affecting the transient behavior of classical biofilters employed in removal of VOCs from airstreams. The column packing material consisted of a mixture of peat and perlite particles (2:3, v:v). The design parameters investigated were the density of the packing material, its porosity, and the void fraction of the filter-bed. The physical parameters investigated were the characteristics of adsorption equilibrium between VOCs and packing material, and the mass transfer coefficients of VOCs to the packing material.

The density of the packing material was found to be 0.679 x 106 g-packing/ …

Wright State University College Of Engineering And Computer Science Bits And Pcs Newsletter, Volume 12, Number 1, January 1996, College Of Engineering And Computer Science, Wright State University

BITs and PCs Newsletter

A twelve page newsletter created by the Wright State University College of Engineering and Computer Science that addresses the current affairs of the college.

Laboratory Growth Systems In Biofilm Research, Julian W. T. Wimpenny

Cells and Materials

The huge variety of ecosystems that we collectively refer to as "biofilm" is reflected by the numerous different systems available to grow them in the laboratory. The relationship between in situ systems, microcosms and laboratory models is defined and discussed. The first two represent holistic approaches designed to assess the structure and function of particular biofilms: the last is analytical and reductionist, aiming to isolate specific functions of biofilms in order to understand properties that can apply to biofilm in general. Properties of a model can be completely understood whilst this is unlikely with natural ecosystems because of the possibility …

Initial Biodeterioration Of Silicone Rubber By C. Albicans And C. Aropicalis Strains Isolated From Voice Prostheses, H. C. Van Der Mei, B. Van De Belt-Gritter, F. Dijk, H. J. Busscher

Cells and Materials

Silicone rubber voice prostheses m patients after total laryngectomy become rapidly colonized by a biofilm, consisting of yeasts and bacteria. An especially troublesome feature of these biofilms is the ingrowth into the silicone rubber by colonizing yeasts. Microcolonies of ingrowing yeasts have been frequently observed on explanted voice prostheses after 3-4 months use. Incubation of silicone rubber samples in a modified Robbins device with a culture of Candida tropicalis, isolated from a Groningen button voice prosthesis, while passing the yeasts through a cycle of feasts (7 days) and famine (also 7 days) demonstrated, by electron microscopy, the onset of the …

Gap Junctional Intercellular Communication In Bone, Henry J. Donahue, Monique A. Vander Molen, Clare E. Yellowley, Zhongyong Li

Cells and Materials

Gap junctional intercellular communication has been demonstrated in bone cells and may contribute to the mechanism by which osteoblasts integrate and amplify extracellular signals, both chemical (hormonal) and biophysical (electrical and mechanical). Connexin 43 (Cx43) is the predominant gap junction protein expressed by bone cells. Experiments with osteoblastic cells in which Cx43 expression was diminished by antisense transfection demonstrate that cell-to-cell coupling in osteoblastic ROS 17/2.8 cells is via gap junctions composed of Cx43. Cellular networks of these coupling deficient clones are dramatically less responsive to parathyroid hormone (PTH) suggesting that coupling contributes to hormonal responsiveness. Furthermore, PTH per se …

Stability Of Liposomes Prepared From Archaeobacterical Lipids And Phosphatidylcholine Mixtures, G. D. Sprott, C. J. Dicaire, L. P. Fleming, G. B. Patel

Cells and Materials

In vitro stabilities of liposomes prepared from the total polar lipids (TPL) of various species of Archaeobacteria were compared with those made from egg phosphatidylcholine (EPC) and from mixtures of TPLIEPC. Stability was monitored by measuring the extent of leakage of entrapped dyes. Liposomes prepared from exclusively archaeobacteriallipids (coined archaeosomes), particularly those containing the bilayer spanning tetraether lipids, were generally stable to conditions such as storage at 37°C for greater than 7 days, exposure to phospholipase A₂, incubation with serum, and, to some extent, exposure to bile salts. In contrast, EPC liposomes were generally unstable to these conditions, …

Application Of Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy To Cytocompatibility Testing Of Potential Orthopaedic Materials In Immortalised Osteoblast-Like Cell Lines, R. Macnair, R. Wilkinson, C. Macdonald, I. Goldie, D. B. Jones, M. H. Grant

Cells and Materials

Confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) was used in conjunction with in vitro cell culture to investigate cellular interactions with orthopaedic biomaterials. Transfected rat and human osteoblasts were seeded on two potential isoelastic hip prosthesis materials, carbon fibre reinforced polyetheretherketone (PEEK) and epoxy. Titanium 318 alloy was employed as a control. Determination of the material surface contour, an important factor influencing cellular adhesion, proliferation and function, was performed using the industry standard Talysurf® and compared to analogous results obtained using the CLSM. The latter technique consistently gave higher values of material roughness but offers the advantage that it can be used …

Letter To The Editor: Biocompatibility And Reactogenicity Of Materials: A Semantic And Logical Analysis Of Definitions And Their Practical Significance, Leonid I. Slutskii, Janis J. Vetra

Cells and Materials

Any biomaterial implanted into a living body elicits a distinct local reaction. This reaction depends on the physical, physico-chemical and chemical properties of the material. The obvious term to designate this inherent property of a biomaterial to induce a local reaction is reactogenicity. Reactogenicity of a biomaterial is one of the main factors determining (together with other properties of the implanted device) the bio(non)compatibility of the implant. Such amplification of terminology which establishes differences between biocompatibility as a generalized characteristic of biomaterials in all their interrelations with the host's organism and the influences on local processes around implants, makes the …

A Microstructural Investigation Of Calcium Hydroxyapatites Synthesized From Cahpo4•2h2o And Ca4(Po4)2o, Kevor S. Tenhuisen, Boyd A. Clark, Maria Klimkiewicz, Paul W. Brown

Cells and Materials

This investigation determined the effects of reaction temperature and bulk composition on the microstructural features of hydroxyapatites (HAp) synthesized from reaction between particulate CaHPO₄·2H₂O and Ca₄(PO₄)₂O. These data were used in combination with previous work to further elucidate the mechanistic reaction path taken by these calcium phosphate cements. HAps having two different compositions (Ca/P = 1.50 and 1.67) were synthesized between 15.0 and 70.0°C. All reactions reached completion as indicated by X-ray diffraction. Single point nitrogen absorption was performed on all samples to determine specific surface areas. The HAp which …

Overhead Wires Reduce Roof-Nesting By Ring-Billed Gulls And Herring Gulls, Jerrold L. Belant, Sheri K. Ickes

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 17th (1996)

The authors evaluated the effectiveness of overhead wires in reducing roof-nesting by ring-billed gulls (Larus delawarensis) and herring gulls (L. argentatus) at a 7.2 ha food warehouse in Bedford Heights, Ohio during 1994-1995. In 1994, stainless steel wires (0.8 mm diameter) were attached generally in spoke-like configurations between 2.4 m upright metal poles spaced at 33.7 m intervals over the main portion of roof. The 6 to 14 wires radiating from each pole created a mean maximum spacing between wires of about 16 m. Nesting by ring-billed and herring gulls was reduced by 76% and 100% …

Towards "Best Practice" Vertebrate Pest Management In Australia, Mike Braysher, Peter O'Brien, Mary Bomford

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 17th (1996)

Australia has 26 species of introduced pest mammals that cause extensive damage to agriculture and the conservation of native wildlife. Past efforts tried to eradicate them. This focus on reducing pest numbers rather than the outcome, reduced damage, has had limited success. Under its Vertebrate Pest Program, the Bureau of Resource Sciences has developed principles and a strategic approach to managing pest damage. Close cooperation with land managers as co-researchers and co-learners is an essential element, as is a coordinated group approach to pest management. The approaches are illustrated with an example.

An Overview Of Animal Damage Control (Adc) Assistance To The Vertebrate Pest Management Industry, William H. Clay

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 17th (1996)

The Animal Damage Control (ADC) program has had a long history dating back to 1885. ADC was officially established in 1931 under the United States Department of Agriculture. In 1939, the program was moved to the United States Department of Interior's Fish and Wildlife Service. In 1996, ADC was transferred back to the USDA and placed under the Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service. The mission of the Animal Damage Control program is to provide federal leadership in managing problems caused by wildlife. Current program assistance includes: a) technical assistance in wildlife management; b) conducting research and development activities related …

Impacts Of A Daily Trap Check Law On The California Adc Program, Craig Coolahan

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 17th (1996)

Effective January 1, 1990 California law required that all steel-jawed leghold traps be inspected at least daily and all animals in such traps be removed. The inspection and removal could be performed by the individual who set the traps, the landowner, or an agent of either. Prior to the passage of this law, California Animal Damage Control (ADC) personnel were exempt from Department of Fish and Game trap checking regulations. The data suggest that a decrease in trap use occurred after the implementation of the daily trap check. Where the program could effectively substitute other control tools or methods for …

Analysis Of Vertebrate Pest Research, Jim Hone

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 17th (1996)

Research on vertebrate pest control is mostly empirical, focusing on control of species X in location Y using method Z. Such an approach is needed. The science of vertebrate pest research is developing some generalizations across species, locations, and methods. This paper further explores such generalizations by discussing six questions asked by Hone (1994), the answers to which are relevant to vertebrate pest research world-wide. Several case studies are examined, with emphasis on control of damage by small mammals and predation control. Suggestions are made for future research.

Operational Control Of The Brown Tree Snake On Guam, Thomas C. Hall

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 17th (1996)

An operational control program for brown tree snakes (Boiga irregularis) on Guam began in April 1993. The program focused on minimizing the dispersal of brown tree snakes to other Pacific islands and the U.S. mainland. During the first year of operation, more than 3,000 snakes were caught within a kilometer of high risk port facilities using traps, detector dogs, and spotlighting. Additionally, habitat modifications and prey-base removal were used to reduce the attractiveness of these facilities to brown tree snakes. Public awareness was also an important part of the program such as the education of cargo packers, shippers, …

Rodents And Cover Crops—A Review, Gregory A. Giusti, Desley A. Whisson, W. Paul Gorenzel

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 17th (1996)

Inter-row plantings of herbaceous cover crops has become a widely accepted practice by orchard and vineyard managers. Cover crops, used as part of a production management system, are not considered a cash crop and are therefore selected by individual growers for various reasons. Little is written regarding the relationship of cover crop management and the impact on rodent populations. This paper reviews the recent literature and examines how cover crop species and cultivar selection along with management procedures may be influential in limiting rodent populations and their damage to cropping systems.

The Persistence And Secondary Poisoning Risks Of Sodium Monofluoroacetate (1080), Brodifacoum, And Cholecalciferol In Possums, C. T. Eason, G. R. Wright, L. Meikle, P. Elder

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 17th (1996)

To determine the risk of secondary poisoning for animals preying on sub-lethally poisoned brushtail possums, captive possums were treated with near-lethal doses of sodium monofluoroacetate (1080) or brodifacoum, and toxicant concentrations in blood and tissue were monitored over time. Sodium monofluoroacetate was rapidly eliminated from the blood (within three days). Brodifacoum was retained in the liver and, to a lesser extent, the muscle of possums for eight months after dosing. To determine the potential risk for animals scavenging on the carcasses of possums poisoned with cholecalciferol, cats were fed poisoned carcasses for six days. No changes in behavior, appetite, or …