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Effect Of Mixing And Scale On The Performance And Hydrodynamics Performance And Hydrodynamics Of Anaerobic Digesters , Mehul Vesvikar, Muthanna Al--Dahhan

Bioenergy - I: From Concept to Commercial Processes

No abstract provided.

Generation Of Biogenic Methane From Oil Shale , Song Jin

Bioenergy - I: From Concept to Commercial Processes

No abstract provided.

Medium Access Control And Networking Protocols For The Intra-Body Network, Eric Thomas Stucki

Theses and Dissertations

Biomedical applications offer an exciting growth opportunity for wireless sensor networks. However, radio frequency communication is problematic in hospital environments that are susceptible to interference in the industrial, scientific, and medical (ISM) bands. Also, RF is inherently insecure as eavesdroppers can easily pick up signals. The Intra-Body Network (IBNet) proposes a novel communication model for biomedical sensor networks. It seeks the convenience of wireless communication while avoiding interference and privacy concerns associated with RF. IBNet's solution is to utilize a subject's own body tissue as a transmission medium. Assuming that transmissions are contained within the body, IBNet solves otherwise complex …

Poster Session, Kentucky Water Resources Research Institute, University Of Kentucky

Kentucky Water Resources Annual Symposium

• Limestone-Based Material for Arsenic Removal from Drinking Water, Chelsea Campbell and others, Dept of Chemistry, WKU
• Opportunistic Water Education, Amanda Abnee Gumbert, Extension Associate for Environmental and Natural Resources Issues, UK
• Ten-Year Solute Concentration Patterns in Two Streams of Contrasting Land-Use in Western Kentucky and Tennessee, Susan P. Hendricks, Hancock Biological Station, Murray State University
• Pathogen TMDL Development using Load Duration Curves for Two Stream Segments in Rockcastle County, Kentucky, Joseph M. Ferguson, Kentucky DOW
• Beargrass Creek Water Quality Tool and TMDLs, Ward Wilson and others, Tetra Tech
• Pathogen and Sediment Transport in Muddy Creek …

Session 1d: Monitoring, Kentucky Water Resources Research Institute, University Of Kentucky

Kentucky Water Resources Annual Symposium

• An Examination of Statewide Watershed Watch Project Monitoring Data for 2005 Using GIS, Ken Cooke, Kentucky Division of Water, Frankfort
• Taking Watershed Watch to the Next Level: Grabbing the Attention of Local Elected Officials, Ken Cooke, Kentucky Division of Water, H. David Gabbard, LFUCG, Lexington
• Water Quality Data from Citizen Monitoring in the Licking River Region Kentucky 1998-2005: Trends and Issues, M.F. Hult, Daniel Carter Beard Environmental Center, and B.C. Reeder, Center for Environmental Education, Morehead State University
• Water Quality in the Upper Licking River Basin 2003-2005, Brian Reeder and others, Dept of Biological and Environmental …

Session 1c: Superfund, Kentucky Water Resources Research Institute, University Of Kentucky

Kentucky Water Resources Annual Symposium

• The University of Kentucky Superfund Basic Research Program: Overview and Examples of Research Projects, Bernhard Hennig, Leonidas Bachas, and Lindell Ormsbee, UK
• Reductive Dechlorination of Toxic Organics by Bimetallic Nanoparticles in Polyacrylic Acid (PAA) Functionalized MF Membranes, Jian Xu and Dibakar Bhattacharyya, Dept Chemical and Materials Engineering, UK
• Chlorinated Organic Compounds Destruction by Modified Fenton Reaction Involving Immobilized Iron-Chelate, YongChao Li, Leonidas Bachas, and Dibakar Bhattacharyya, Dept Chemical and Materials Engineering, UK
• An Outreach Program Translates Basic Research for Superfund Communities to Improve Health through Nutrition, Lisa Gaetke and Sandra Bastin, Dept Nutrition and Food Science, …

Session 1a: Water Quality, Kentucky Water Resources Research Institute, University Of Kentucky

Kentucky Water Resources Annual Symposium

• Use of Sunfish and Stoneroller Minnows as Sentinel Monitors of PCB Contamination in Freshwater Streams in Kentucky, D.J. Price and W.J. Birge, Dept of Biology, UK
• Inferring Causes of Biological Impairment in Appalachian Streams: Watershed-Based Problem Formulation and Integration of Multiple Lines of Evidence, Jon Ludwig and others, Tetra Tech
• Relative Importance of Water and Dietary Cadmium: Toxicity to Ceriodaphnia Dubia, Agus Sofyan and W.J. Birge, Dept of Biology, UK
• The Graywater Story at Curtis Pike, Jack Kieffer and others, Appalachia - Science in the Public Interest, Mt. Vernon

Proceedings Of 2006 Kentucky Water Resources Annual Symposium, Kentucky Water Resources Research Institute, University Of Kentucky

Kentucky Water Resources Annual Symposium

This symposium was funded in part by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, with Clean Water Act, Section 319(h) grant money through the Kentucky Division of Water and the Kentucky Waterways Alliance, #C9994861-00.

Planning for this conference was conducted as part of the state water resources research annual program with the support and collaboration of the Department of Interior, U.S. Geological Survey and the University of Kentucky Research Foundation, under Grant Agreement No. 01HQGR0133.

The views and conclusions contained in this document are those of the abstract authors and should not be interpreted as necessarily representing the official policies, either expressed …

3-D Image Registration Using Fast Fourier Transform, With Potential Applications To Geoinformatics And Bioinformaticsa, Roberto Araiza, Matthew G. Averill, George R. Keller, Scott A. Starks

Departmental Technical Reports (CS)

FFT-based techniques are actively used to register 2-D images, i.e., to find the shift, rotation, and scaling necessary to align one image with the other. It is desirable to extend these techniques to the problem of registering 3-D images. Registration of 3-D images is an important problem in areas such as bioinformatics (e.g., in protein docking) and geoinformatics (e.g., in earth modeling).

Computing Variance Under Interval Uncertainty: A New Algorithm And Its Potential Application To Privacy In Statistical Databases, Richard Aló, Mohsen Beheshti, Gang Xiang

Departmental Technical Reports (CS)

Computation of population mean E=(x1+...+xn)/n and population variance V=(x1^2+...+xn^2)/n -E^2 is an important first step in statistical analysis. In many practical situations, we do not know the exact values of the sample quantities xi, we only know the intervals [Xi-Di, Xi+Di] that contain the actual (unknown) values of xi. Different values of xi from these intervals lead, in general, to different value of population variance. It is therefore desirable to compute the range [V]=[V-,V+] of possible values of V.

This problem of computing population variance under interval uncertainty is, in general, NP-hard. It is known that in some reasonable cases, …

Biological System Impedance Identification Using Stochastic Estimation And Control, Enrique Mendezaceves

Theses and Dissertations

In an effort to find a less invasive way of testing for different cell abnormalities and finding more practical tests for different cellular mutations, this project makes use of a well-known technique called cellular impedance spectroscopy coupled with stochastic estimation. Impedance spectroscopy, the measurement of the complex resistance of a biological body, is not a new technology; it has been around for many years and has been used to make electrical representations of different biological systems. The problem with this procedure is that models cannot be used for system identification. Stochastic estimation can complement a model produced by analyzing the …

Mitochondrial Dna Genome Sequencing And Snp Assay Development For Increased Power Of Discrimination, Thomas J. Parsons

United States Army: Publications

This report details the work performed over a period of five years in an NIJ-funded project intended primarily to develop a practical means for accessing the large reserve of genetic variation in the ~15,000 bp mtDNA coding region, as a means for augmenting the forensic discrimination provided by sequencing the hypervariable (HV) regions of the mtDNA control region. Our approach was to focus on the relatively small number of particularly common types present in US Caucasian, African American, and Hispanic populations, where the problem of limited discrimination is concentrated in practice. We sequenced 506 entire mtDNA genomes corresponding to 56 …

Neural-Electronic Inhibition Simulated With A Neuron Model Implemented In Spice, Robert B. Szlavik, Abuhanif K. Bhuiyan, Anthony Carver, Frank Jenkins

Biomedical Engineering

There have been numerous studies presented in the literature related to the simulation of the interaction between biological neurons and electronic devices. A complicating factor associated with these simulations is the algebraic complexity involved in implementation. This complication has impeded simulation of more involved neural-electronic circuitry and consequently has limited potential advancements in the integration of biological neurons with synthetic electronics. In this paper, we describe a modification to a previously proposed SPICE based Hodgkin-Huxley neuron model that demonstrates more physiologically relevant electrical behavior. We utilize this SPICE based neuron model in conjunction with an external circuit that allows for …

Ischemia Reperfusion Dysfunction Changes Model-Estimated Kinetics Of Myofilament Interaction Due To Inotropic Drugs In Isolated Hearts, Samhita S. Rhodes, Amadou Ks Camara, Kristina M. Ropella, Said H. Audi, Matthias L. Riess, Paul S. Pagel, David F. Stowe

Biomedical Engineering Faculty Research and Publications

Background

The phase-space relationship between simultaneously measured myoplasmic [Ca²⁺] and isovolumetric left ventricular pressure (LVP) in guinea pig intact hearts is altered by ischemic and inotropic interventions. Our objective was to mathematically model this phase-space relationship between [Ca²⁺] and LVP with a focus on the changes in cross-bridge kinetics and myofilament Ca²⁺ sensitivity responsible for alterations in Ca²⁺-contraction coupling due to inotropic drugs in the presence and absence of ischemia reperfusion (IR) injury.

Methods

We used a four state computational model to predict LVP using experimentally measured, averaged myoplasmic [Ca²⁺] transients …

In Vitro Toxicity Of Aluminum Nanoparticles In Rat Alveolar Macrophages, Andrew J. Wagner

Theses and Dissertations

Nanomaterials, which are by definition in the 1 - 100 nanometer range, have numerous possible benefits to society, but currently there is a lack of data that characterizes these materials effects on human health and environment. In general nanomaterials are of interest to the Air Force because of their applications in electronics, sensors, munitions and energetic/reactive systems. Nanoparticles such as aluminum have been considered for enhancing propulsion in solid rocket fuel. To date, only a few studies have looked at the toxicological effects of direct exposure to nanoparticles, none with aluminum. It is important to increase the understanding of the …

Evaluation Of A Field Programmable Gate Array Circuit Reconfiguration System, Jason L. Ives

Theses and Dissertations

This research implements a circuit reconfiguration system (CRS) to reconfigure a field programmable gate array (FPGA) in response to a faulty configurable logic block (CLB). It is assumed that the location of the fault is known and the CLB is moved according to one of four replacement methods: column left, column right, row up, and row down. Partial reconfiguration of the FPGA is done through the Joint Test Action Group (JTAG) port to produce the desired logic block movement. The time required to accomplish the reconfiguration is measured for each method in both clear and congested areas of the FPGA. …

Supplementing An Ad-Hoc Wireless Network Routing Protocol With Radio Frequency Identification (Rfid) Tags, Leroy S. Willemsen

Theses and Dissertations

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) have a broad and varied range of applications, yet all of these are limited by the resources available to the sensor nodes that make up the WSN. The most significant resource is energy. A WSN may be deployed to an inhospitable or unreachable area, leaving it with a non-replenishable power source. This research examines a way of reducing energy consumption by augmenting the nodes with radio frequency identification (RFID) tags that contain routing information. It was expected that RFID tags would reduce the network throughput, the ad hoc on-demand distance vector (AODV) routing traffic sent, and …

Bio-Inspired, Odor-Based Navigation, Maynard John Porter Iii

Theses and Dissertations

The ability of moths to locate a member of the opposite sex, by tracking a wind-borne plume of odor molecules, is an amazing reality. Numerous scenarios exist where having this capability embedded into ground-based or aerial vehicles would be invaluable. The main crux of this thesis investigation is the development of a navigation algorithm which gives a UAV the ability to track a chemical plume to its source. Inspiration from the male moth's, in particular Manduca sexta, ability to successfully track a female's pheromone plume was used in the design of both 2-D and 3-D navigation algorithms. The algorithms were …

Analysis Of Bacterial Population And Distribution In The Developing Strata Of A Constructed Wetland Used For Chlorinated Ethene Bioremediation, Milton J. Clausen Jr.

Theses and Dissertations

Chlorinated hydrocarbons and their degradation products are among of the most common organic groundwater contaminates in the United States. These compounds attack the central nervous system in animals and can affect the photosynthesis of plants. These compounds are also resistant to degradation in the environment and, because of this, pose a risk to any ecosystem in which they are present. This study identified the dominant microbial species in a constructed treatment wetland at Wright-Patterson AFB, Dayton, Ohio using 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. Samples were taken from three different depths and during each of the four seasons. These samples were …

Influence Of Pulmonary Arterial Endothelial Cells On Quinone Redox Status: Effect Of Hyperoxia-Induced Nad(P)H:Quinone Oxidoreductase 1, Marilyn P. Merker, Said H. Audi, Robert D. Bongard, Brian J. Lindemer, Gary S. Krenz

Biomedical Engineering Faculty Research and Publications

The objective of this study was to examine the impact of chronic hyperoxic exposure (95% O₂ for 48 h) on intact bovine pulmonary arterial endothelial cell redox metabolism of 2,3,5,6-tetramethyl-1,4-benzoquinone (duroquinone, DQ). DQ or durohydroquinone (DQH₂) was added to normoxic or hyperoxia-exposed cells in air-saturated medium, and the medium DQ concentrations were measured over 30 min. DQ disappeared from the medium when DQ was added and appeared in the medium when DQH₂ was added, such that after ∼15 min, a steady-state DQ concentration was approached that was ∼4.5 times lower for the hyperoxia-exposed than the normoxic …

Power-Scavenging Mems Robots, Daniel J. Denninghoff

Theses and Dissertations

This thesis includes the design, modeling, and testing of novel, power-scavenging, biologically inspired MEMS microrobots. Over one hundred 500-μm and 990-μm microrobots with two, four, and eight wings were designed, fabricated, characterized. These microrobots constitute the smallest documented attempt at powered flight. Each microrobot wing is comprised of downward-deflecting, laser-powered thermal actuators made of gold and polysilicon; the microrobots were fabricated in PolyMUMPs® (Polysilicon Multi-User MEMS Processes). Characterization results of the microrobots illustrate how wing-tip deflection can be maximized by optimizing the gold-topolysilicon ratio as well as the dimensions of the actuator-wings. From these results, an optimum actuator-wing configuration was …

Splash: Systematic Proteomics Laboratory Analysis And Storage Hub, Siaw Ling Lo, You Tao, Qingsong Lin, Shashikant B. Joshi, Maxey Chung, Choy Leong Hew

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

In the field of proteomics, the increasing difficulty to unify the data format, due to the different platforms/instrumentation and laboratory documentation systems, greatly hinders experimental data verification, exchange, and comparison. Therefore, it is essential to establish standard formats for every necessary aspect of proteomics data. One of the recently published data models is the proteomics experiment data repository [Taylor, C. F., Paton, N. W., Garwood, K. L., Kirby, P. D. et al., Nat. Biotechnol. 2003, 21, 247-254]. Compliant with this format, we developed the systematic proteomics laboratory analysis and storage hub (SPLASH) database system as an informatics infrastructure to support …

Experimental Analysis Of Propeller Interactions With A Flexible Wing Micro-Air-Vehicle, Brian J. Gamble

Theses and Dissertations

An investigation into the effects of the propeller slipstream on a flexible wing micro-air-vehicle (MAV) was conducted. The Air Force Research Lab, Munitions Directorate designed a man-portable MAV with a 24 in. wingspan and 6 in. root chord to be used for battle damage assessment and reconnaissance. Two wings have been developed for this MAV. One is a rigid carbon-fiber wing and the other consists of flexible parachute material attached to a carbon-fiber skeleton. Experimental methods were implemented to investigate propeller and wing interactions, characterizing torque and thrust requirements on the motor along with aerodynamic forces on the aircraft as …

Classification Characteristics Of Carbon Nanotube Polymer Composite Chemical Vapor Detectors, Huynh A. Hinshaw

Theses and Dissertations

The first step in combating a chemical weapons threat is contamination avoidance. This is accomplished by the detection and identification of chemical agents. The Air Force has several instruments to detect chemical vapors, but is always looking for lighter, faster, and more accurate technology for a better capability. This research is focused on using carbon nanotube polymer composite sensors for chemical detection. More specifically, models are developed to classify three sets of sensor data according to vapor using various multivariate techniques. Also, prediction models of a mixed sensor output are developed using neural networks and regression analysis. The classifiers developed …

An Epidemiological Approach To Terrorism, Kjirstin A. Bentson

Theses and Dissertations

There are many types of models for counterterrorism, explaining different problems that the military faces in the fight against terrorism. This thesis proposes that one of the fundamental assumptions underlying existing models of counterterrorism is that the struggle with terrorists can be understood as a war in the traditional sense of the term. We propose to rethink the struggle against terrorism as a fight against an infection. The epidemic of terrorist ideology within part of the world is a result, from this perspective, of the infectiousness of that ideology. Using the insights of the field of the epidemiology of ideas, …

Short-Pulse Laser Propagation Through Tissue Medium For Tumor Detection, Gopalendu Pal, Kunal Mitra, Tuan Vo-Dinh

Biomedical Engineering and Sciences Faculty Publications

The objective of this paper is to perform a comprehensive experimental and numerical analysis of the short pulse laser interaction with tissue medium with the goal of tumor / cancer diagnostics. For short pulse laser source, the shape of output signal is a function of the optical properties of the medium and hence the scattered temporal optical signal helps in understanding of the medium characteristics. Initially experiments are performed on tissue phantoms imbedded with inhomogeneities in order to optimize the time-resolved optical detection scheme. Both the temporal and the spatial profiles of the scattered reflected and transmitted optical signals are …

Iwu Biology Department To Host Feminist Engineer, Rebecca Welzenbach

News and Events (Discontinued Series)

No abstract provided.

Stormwater Irrigation Volume I: Evapotranspiration And Nitrate Reduction After Biofiltration To Reduce Health Risks, Martin Wanielista, Ewoud Hulstein

BMP Trains Research and Publications

Irrigation of detained stormwater is an option available for volume and pollution control. Volume control is accomplished when detained waters normally discharged from a detention facility are used instead for irrigation. However, a health risk may result if the nitrate in the irrigation water is not attenuated in the plant and soil matrix. The nitrate level in stormwater ponds is generally much less that the health risk specified as 10 mg/L in Drinking water standards. Nevertheless, the fate of nitrate in the soil plant matrix has not been documented. In addition, there are other potential problems associated with not maintaining …

The Comet Assay To Determine The Mode Of Cell Death For The Ultrasonic Delivery Of Doxorubicin To Human Leukemia (Hl-60 Cells) From Pluronic P105 Micelles, Ghaleb A. Husseini, Kim L. O'Neill, William G. Pitt

Faculty Publications

This notes examines the mode of cell death of HL-60 cells exposed to 70 kHz and 1.3 W/cm2 in the presence of 1% Pluronic P105 and 1.67 μg/ml doxorubicin (Dox). The cells were ultrasonicated for 30, 60 and 120 minutes. They were then lysed, electrophorised, stained using propidium iodide, and their DNA profile captured using a fluorescent microscope. The gradual DNA damage observed and the comet tails captured after 1 and 2 hours of insonation suggest that the mode of cell killing is apoptosis.

Adaptive Evolution Of Chloroplast Genome Structure Inferred Using A Parametric Bootstrap Approach, Liying Cui, Jim Leebens-Mack, Li-San Wang, Jijun Tang, Linda Rymarquis, David B. Stern, Claude W. Depamphilis

Faculty Publications

Background
Genome rearrangements influence gene order and configuration of gene clusters in all genomes. Most land plant chloroplast DNAs (cpDNAs) share a highly conserved gene content and with notable exceptions, a largely co-linear gene order. Conserved gene orders may reflect a slow intrinsic rate of neutral chromosomal rearrangements, or selective constraint. It is unknown to what extent observed changes in gene order are random or adaptive. We investigate the influence of natural selection on gene order in association with increased rate of chromosomal rearrangement. We use a novel parametric bootstrap approach to test if directional selection is responsible for the …