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Utilization Of Bagasse Cellulose For Ethanol Production Through Simultaneous Saccharification And Fermentation By Xylanase, M. Samsuri, Misri Gozan, R. Mardias, M. Baiquni, Heri Hermansyah, Anondho Wijanarko, Bambang Prasetya, M. Nasikin

Makara Journal of Technology

Utilization of Bagasse Cellulose for Ethanol Production through Simultaneous Saccharification and Fermentation by Xylanase. Bagasse is a solid residue from sugar cane process, which is not many use it for some product which have more added value. Bagasse, which is a lignosellulosic material, be able to be use for alternative energy resources like bioethanol or biogas. With renewable energy resources a crisis of energy in Republic of Indonesia could be solved, especially in oil and gas. This research has done the conversion of bagasse to bioethanol with xylanase enzyme. The result show that bagasse contains of 52,7% cellulose, 20% hemicelluloses, …

Kinetic Model For Triglyceride Hydrolysis Using Lipase:Review, Heri Hermansyah, A. Wijanarko, Dianursanti Dianursanti, Misri Gozan, Praswasti P. D.K Wulan, Rita Arbianti, Roekmijati W. Soemantojo, Tania Surya Utami, Yuliusman Yuliusman, Momoji Kubo, Naomi Shibasaki Kitakawa, Toshiy Yonemoto

Makara Journal of Technology

Triglyceride hydrolysis using lipase has been proposed as a novel method to produce raw materials in food and cosmetic industries such as diacylglycerol, monoacylglycerol, glycerol and fatty acid. In order to design a reactor for utilizing this reaction on industrial scale, constructing a kinetic model is important. Since the substrates are oil and water, the hydrolysis takes place at oil-water interface. Furthermore, the triglyceride has three ester bonds, so that the hydrolysis stepwise proceeds. Thus, the reaction mechanism is very complicated. The difference between the interfacial and bulk concentrations of the enzyme, substrates and products, and the interfacial enzymatic reaction …

A Bimodular Polyconvex Anisotropic Strain Energy Function For Articular Cartilage, Stephen M. Klisch

Mechanical Engineering

A strain energy function for finite deformations is developed that has the capability to describe the nonlinear, anisotropic, and asymmetric mechanical response that is typical of articular cartilage. In particular, the bimodular feature is employed by including strain energy terms that are only mechanically active when the corresponding fiber directions are in tension. Furthermore, the strain energy function is a polyconvex function of the deformation gradient tensor so that it meets material stability criteria. A novel feature of the model is the use of bimodular and polyconvex “strong interaction terms” for the strain invariants of orthotropic materials. Several regression analyses …

Potentiality Of Biogas And The Role Of Substrates In Biogas Formation Potential, Scott Shealy

Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection

Biogas infrastructure development, particularly in countries such as Vietnam, has the potential to provide great benefits to people living agrarian lifestyles in rural areas. Decentralized wastewater treatment facilities that utilize anaerobic technologies to digest organic waste for the purpose of collecting methane provide a number of benefits to centralized use as well. In both cases, users benefit from the production of methane gas, wastewater treatment, nutrient recycling, and organic fertilizers. In the case of decentralized use, as is most prevalent in Vietnam, integrated farming methods, such as the VACB model, allow farmers to reap the benefits of a wide array …

Uncertainty Assessment In High-Risk Environments Using Probability, Evidence Theory And Expert Judgment Elicitation, Stella Barberis Bondi

Engineering Management & Systems Engineering Theses & Dissertations

The level of uncertainty in advanced system design is assessed by comparing the results of expert judgment elicitation to probability and evidence theory. This research shows how one type of monotone measure, namely Dempster-Shafer Theory of Evidence can expand the framework of uncertainty to provide decision makers a more robust solution space. The issues imbedded in this research are focused on how the relevant predictive uncertainty produced by similar action is measured.

This methodology uses the established approach from traditional probability theory and Dempster-Shafer evidence theory to combine two classes of uncertainty, aleatory and epistemic. Probability theory provides the mathematical …

Adsorption Of Lead (Ii) Ions By Organosilicate Nanoporous Materials, Larry Keith Isaacs

Civil & Environmental Engineering Theses & Dissertations

As-synthesized organosilicate nanoporous (OSNP) materials HMS (hexagonal mesoporous structure) and MCM-41 were used as adsorbents for removal of lead (II) ions in laboratory batch and column studies. Mesoporous organosilicates were prepared from tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS) and either an ionic (cetyltrimethyl-ammonium) or neutral (dodecylamine) surfactant. Batch reaction distribution coefficients for MCM-41 were K_D = 51.5 L/g (SD = 26.3) at 24 h and K_D = 73.7 L/g (SD = 40.5) at 7 d. OSNP lead (II) ion adsorption increased from pH = 3 until pH ca. 7.5 after which a sharp decrease in adsorption was noted. OSNP materials reflected a …

Simulation And Modeling Of Nerve Impulse Propagation And Its Blockage By External Electrical Stimulation, Nidhi Nahar

Electrical & Computer Engineering Theses & Dissertations

The electric nature of biological tissues permits the transmission of signals for information and for control and is, therefore, of vital importance for life. The latest scientific achievements and nanoscale probing techniques now allow scientists to research at the subcellular level by measuring the electric current flows through a single ion channel of the cell membrane with the patch-clamp method. With the latter approach, the effects of electrical stimulation can be quantified, understood, and applied to molecular biology and the development of medical diagnostic and therapeutic methods.

In this thesis, the Hodgkin-Huxley approach for unmyelinated fibers, coupled with a transmission …

Micro Synthetic Jets As Effective Actuator, Mehti Koklu

Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering Theses & Dissertations

Synthetic jets have previously been studied as actuators for external macroflow control and recently been proposed for internal microflow applications. Despite the wide variety of the potential applications of synthetic jet actuators, the majority of the studies have been done at macro scales. Furthermore, there has not been any design methodology that addresses the effectiveness of the micro synthetic jet actuators. Bearing these needs in mind, a micro synthetic jet configuration is considered in a microscale environment where Kn number is less than 0.1 and more than 0.001. Flowfields are simulated by solving the compressible Navier-Stokes equations. The wall boundary …

Molecular Dynamics Simulations To Probe Effects Of Ultra-Short, Very-High Voltage Pulses On Cells, Viswanadham Sridhara

Electrical & Computer Engineering Theses & Dissertations

The use of very high electric fields (∼ 100kV/cm or higher) with pulse durations in the nanosecond range (Ultra-short) has been a very recent development in bioelectrics. Traditionally, the electric field effects have mostly been confined to: (a) low field, long-duration pulses, and (b) focused mainly on electroporation studies. Thus, aspects such as possible field-induced DNA damage, calcium release, alterations in neuro-transmitters, or voltage-gating have generally been overlooked.

Ultra-short, high-field pulses open the way to targeted and deliberate apoptotic cell killing (e.g., of tumor cells). Though experimental data is very useful, it usually yields information on macroscopic variables that is …

Bactericidal Effects Of Cold Plasma Technology On Geobacillus Stearothermophilus And Bacillus Cereus Microorganisms, Angela Dawn Morris

Dental Hygiene Theses & Dissertations

Non-equilibrium atmospheric pressure plasma, also known as cold plasma, is a state of matter that consists of a mix of neutral and charged particles. Plasma generates chemically reactive species and ultraviolet radiation making them useful in decontamination applications (Kong & Laroussi, 2003). Research regarding the inactivation of gram-positive bacteria, such as Bacillus atrophaeus, by cold plasma has been studied by Laroussi et al. (2003); however, there is limited research regarding the germicidal effectiveness of cold plasma on the microorganisms Geobacillus stearothermophilus and Bacillus cereus. The purpose of this study was to determine if cold plasma technology inactivates heat …

Optimizing Product Variant Placement To Satisfy Market Demand, Jonathan Roger Parkinson

Theses and Dissertations

Many companies use product families in order to offer product variants that appeal to different market segments while minimizing costs. Because the market demand is generally not uniform for all possible product variants, during the design phase a decision must be made as to which variants will be offered and how many. This thesis presents a new approach to solving this problem. The product is defined in terms of performance parameters. The market demand is captured in a preference model and applied to these parameters in order to represent the total potential market. The number and placement of the product …

Enhanced Raman Scattering By Self-Assembled Silica Spherical Microparticles, Kaijun Yi, H. Wang, Yongfeng Lu, Z. Y. Yang

Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering: Faculty Publications

A technique was developed to achieve enhanced Raman scattering of the silicon photon modes using closely packed micro- and submicron silica spherical particles. Investigation on the particle-size dependence of Raman enhancement revealed that the strongest enhancement occurs when the particle diameter is equal to the spot size of the incident laser beam. Calculations using the OPTIWAVE^TM software based on the finite difference time domain algorithm under the perfectly matched layer boundary conditions were carried out. The results showed that photonic nanojets are formed in the vicinity outside the particles along the propagation direction of incident light. It was found …

Effect Of Backwashing On Perchlorate Removal In Fixed Bed Biofilm Reactors, Young Chul Choi, Xu Li, Lutgarde Raskin, Eberhard Morgenroth

Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering: Faculty Publications

The influence of backwashing on biological perchlorate reduction was evaluated in two laboratory scale fixed bed biofilm reactors using 1- or 3-mm glass beads as support media. Influent perchlorate concentrations were 50 μg/L and acetate was added as the electron donor at a concentration of 2 mg C/L. Perchlorate removal was evaluated at various influent dissolved oxygen (DO) concentrations. Complete perchlorate removal was achieved with an influent DO concentration of 1 mg/L resulting in bulk phase DO concentrations below the detection limit of 0.01 mg/L. The influence of increasing influent DO concentrations for 12 h periods was evaluated before and …

Poster Session, Kentucky Water Resources Research Institute, University Of Kentucky

Kentucky Water Resources Annual Symposium

• Identification of potential bacterial sources and levels, Red Duck Creek, Mayfield, Kentucky, Brooke Vorbeck, Travis Martin, and Mike Kemp, Dept of Industrial and Engineering Technology, Murray State University
• Water-quality trend analysis for streams in Kentucky, A.S. Crain and G.R. Martin, USGS, Louisville
• Preliminary Results of a Fecal Microbe Survey in a Eutrophic Lake, Wilgreen Lake, Madison County, Kentucky, W.S. Borowski and M.S. Albright, Depts of Earth Sciences and Geography, EKU
• Preliminary Physical and Chemical Characteristics of an Eutrophic Lake, Wilgreen Lake, Madison County, Kentucky, E.C. Jolly and W.S. Borowski, Dept of Earth Sciences, EKU
• Lethal and …

Session 2a: Surface Water, Kentucky Water Resources Research Institute, University Of Kentucky

Kentucky Water Resources Annual Symposium

• Development and Application of a New Sediment Fingerprinting Methodology for the Commonwealth of Kentucky, Charles Davis and Jimmy Fox, Dept of Civil Engineering, UK
• Accounting for Construction Stormwater in TMDL Development for Sediment Impaired Streams in Rapidly Growing Residential Areas, Jon Ludwig and John Bekman, Tetra Tech, and David Montali, WVDEP
• Responses of Riparian Plant Diversity to Gradients in Flood Frequency and Severity, Patrick Lawless and Jimmy Fox, Depts of Geography and Civil Engineering, UK

Session 1d: Biology, Kentucky Water Resources Research Institute, University Of Kentucky

Kentucky Water Resources Annual Symposium

• Long-Term Assessments and Seasonal Variations of Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs) in Water, Sediments, Floodplain Soils, and Sentinel Fish Species from Big and Little Bayou Creeks, McCracken County, Kentucky, D.J. Price, Dept of Biology, UK
• Characterization of total dissolved solids (TDS) toxicity to Ceriodaphnia dubia associated with effluent discharges from a meat packaging industry, Agus Sofyan and David Price, Dept of Biology, UK
• Wilson Creek Restoration and the Response in Food Web Function and Fish Community Structure, Wesley Daniel and Jeff Jack, Dept of Biology and Center for Environmental Science, U of L

Session 1a: Microbial Source Tracking, Kentucky Water Resources Research Institute, University Of Kentucky

Kentucky Water Resources Annual Symposium

• Detecting Multiple Source Origins from Fecal Bacteria Antibiotic Resistance Patterns, Sloane Ritchey and M.S. Coyne, Environmental Research Institute, EKU and Dept of Plant and Soil Sciences, UK
• Microbial Source Tracking; Limits and Application, Steve Evans, Third Rock Consultants, Lexington
• Triplett Creek Focus Study, Brian Reeder and April Haight, Institute for Regional Analysis and Public Policy, Morehead State University

Proceedings Of 2007 Kentucky Water Resources Annual Symposium, Kentucky Water Resources Research Institute, University Of Kentucky

Kentucky Water Resources Annual Symposium

This conference was planned and conducted as part of the state water resources research annual program with the support and collaboration of the Department of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey and the University of Kentucky Research Foundation, under Grant Agreement Number 06HQGR0087.

The views and conclusions contained in this document and presented at the symposium are those of the abstract authors and presenters and should not be interpreted as necessarily representing the official policies, either expressed or implied, of the U.S. Government or other symposium organizers and sponsors.

2007 Directory Of Indiana State, County, City And Town Officials Responsible For Road And Street Work, Indiana Ltap

Indiana Local Technical Assistance Program (LTAP) Directory

Contact information for agency officials and employees responsible for Indiana’s local road infrastructure.

A Layered Social And Operational Network Analysis, Jennifer L. Geffre

Theses and Dissertations

To provide maximal disruption to a clandestine/terrorist network's ability to conduct missions, we must develop a means to determine the individuals' importance to the network and operations. In a network centric world, this importance is represented as an additive value of their criticality across the convergence of multiple layers of network connections. The connections layers of the network are comprised of social layers (Acquaintance, Friendship, Nuclear Family, Relatives, Student-Teacher, and Religious Mentors, Reverent Power and others), as well as layers representing interactions involving Resources, Knowledge/Skills and Temporal Local. The social criticality of an individual is measured by centrality. Event Trees …

Modeling Dissolved Oxygen In Lake Powell Using Ce-Qual-W2, Nicholas Trevor Williams

Theses and Dissertations

Water quality models in the Colorado River Basin have been developed for the basin, river, and individual reservoirs. They are used to support water quality programs within the basin. The models are periodically reviewed and updated to improve the accuracy of simulations. Improving the usefulness of the Lake Powell model, one of the key reservoirs in the basin, is the subject of this study. Lake Powell is simulated using a hydrodynamic and water quality model, CE-QUAL-W2. Previously the model has been used at Lake Powell to simulate hydrodynamics, temperature, and total dissolved solids with a reasonable degree of accuracy. An …

Rapid Runway Repair (Rrr): An Optimization For Minimum Operating Strip (Mos) Selection, David J. Duncan

Theses and Dissertations

Minimum Operating Strip (MOS) selection determines the exact placement of the MOS on the damaged runway, and therefore, the amount of munitions that need to be neutralized and the amount of damage that will need to be repaired. MOS selection, in essence, is the key determinant of the time required to attain an operational takeoff and recovery surface. Since the MOS selection stage determines the events and scope of work for all of the Rapid Runway Repair (RRR) stages that follow, it could be argued that this is the most important stage in the entire RRR process. The primary purpose …

Decision Analysis With Value Focused Thinking As A Methodology To Select Building For Deconstruction, Erika E. Maiorano

Theses and Dissertations

The purpose of this research was to examine the reuse and recycling of building materials on Wright-Patterson Air Force Base. There are a variety of conflicting factors concerning the removal of a building and the model quantitatively evaluates alternatives with respect to the decision maker’s values. The research questions were addressed with both a comprehensive literature review as well as the implementation of the value focused thinking methodology. The model found that the temporary living facilities are the alternatives that achieve the highest value. The result of this research effort was a value model that aids decision makers in identifying …

Calibration Procedure For A Microscopic Traffic Simulation Model, Carole Turley

Theses and Dissertations

The inputs to a microscopic traffic simulation model generally include quantitative, but immeasurable data describing driver behavior and vehicle performance characteristics. Engineers often use default values for parameters such as car-following sensitivity and gap acceptance because it can be difficult to obtain accurate estimates for these parameters. While recent research has indicated that the accuracy of a simulation model can significantly improve if driver behavior parameters are calibrated to local data, this is not a typical practice. Manual calibration of these parameters is often too time-consuming to be cost-effective. Researchers have applied automated calibration procedures using genetic algorithms to these …

Modeling In Situ Bioremediation Of Perchlorate-Contaminated Groundwater, Roland E. Secody

Theses and Dissertations

Perchlorate-contaminated groundwater is a significant problem for the Department of Defense and the United States Air Force. An innovative technology was recently developed which uses dual-screened treatment wells to mix an electron donor into perchlorate-contaminated groundwater in order to effect in situ bioremediation of the perchlorate by indigenous perchlorate reducing bacteria without the need to extract the contaminated water from the subsurface. In this study, a model that simulates operation of the technology is calibrated and validated using 761 days of observational data obtained from a field-scale technology evaluation project. A genetic algorithm was used with the first 113 days …

Biofiltration As A Viable Alternative For Air Pollution Control At Department Of Defense Surface Coating Facilities, David M. Hudock

Theses and Dissertations

Surface coating operations at aircraft depot facilities are common throughout the Department of Defense (DoD). During paint application processes at Navy and Marine Corps Fleet Readiness Centers (FRCs), spray paints emit volatile organic compounds (VOCs) known to have harmful effects on human health and the environment. FRC East at Marine Corps Air Station Cherry Point, does not control the emissions of VOCs from any of its paint booths. The purpose of this research is to determine if FRC East and its surrounding area can benefit both economically and environmentally from a biofiltration system for air pollution control (APC) rather than …

Parameter Importance Of An Analytical Model For Transport In The Vadose Zone, Tanner Hans Bushnell

Theses and Dissertations

The American Society of Testing and Materials (ASTM) has established a three tier risk-based corrective action (RBCA) program for cleaning up petroleum release sites, which is supported by the Environmental Protection Agency. RBCA programs make the cleanup of spill sites more efficient by requiring additional site information only when a more accurate risk assessment is needed. For spill sites that do not pass the first tier general assessment, a Tier 2 evaluation involving site specific information and screening level models to assess the potential risk must be conducted. Screening level models generally require site specific input parameters. To increase efficiency …

A High-Resolution Microscopic Electrical Impedance Imaging Modality: Scanning Impedance Imaging, Hongze Liu

Theses and Dissertations

Electrical impedance imaging is an imaging technique which has the capability of revealing the spatial distribution of the electrical impedance inside biological tissues. Classical electrical impedance imaging including Electrical Impedance Tomography (EIT) typically has low resolution. Advances in electrical impedance imaging typically involve methods that either increase image resolution or image contrast. This study investigates the possibility of the resolution improvement for electrical impedance imaging using motion, and presents a novel high-resolution and calibrated impedance imaging method called Scanning electrical Impedance Imaging (SII). SII uses an electrical probe held at a known voltage and scanned over a thin sample immersed …

Adhesion-Delamination Mechanics Of A Prestressed Rectangular Film Adhered Onto A Rigid Substrate, Ming Fung Wong, Gang Duan, Kai-Tak Wan

Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

A prestressed rectangular film clamped at both ends delaminates from a rigid punch. based on a thermodynamic energy balance, the delamination mechanics is derived to relate the simultaneous external tensile force applied to the punch, punch displacement, and contact area. Effects of the coupled tensile residual membrane stress and adhesion energy at the punch-film interface are investigated. a "pinch off" (stable shrinking of the contact area to a line) is predicted, contrasting the nonzero "pull-off" radius in a clamped circular film. the model is useful in understanding the behavior of various adhesion-delamination phenomena, especially in one dimensional capacitive microelectromechanical systems …

Use Of Tabu Search In A Solver To Map Complex Networks Onto Emulab Testbeds, Jason E. Macdonald

Theses and Dissertations

The University of Utah's solver for the testbed mapping problem uses a simulated annealing metaheuristic algorithm to map a researcher's experimental network topology onto available testbed resources. This research uses tabu search to find near-optimal physical topology solutions to user experiments consisting of scale-free complex networks. While simulated annealing arrives at solutions almost exclusively by chance, tabu search incorporates the use of memory and other techniques to guide the search towards good solutions. Both search algorithms are compared to determine whether tabu search can produce equal or higher quality solutions than simulated annealing in a shorter amount of time. It …