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Composition-Structure-Property Relationships For Experimental Composite Nerve Guidance Conduits, Xiaofang Zhang

Theses

Many Nerve Guidance Conduits (NGCs) have been approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) as an alternative to nerve autografting for guiding peripheral nerve regeneration. However these materials offer little therapeutic potential for favourable axon growth environment, and difficulty in balancing the mechanical properties and the degradation rate of the implanted material is also a contemporary challenge. This project involved the design of experimental composite NGCs comprising glass particles and Pluronic FI27 in the copolymer (poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)) and examined the composition-structure-property relationships for such materials. Three glasses (0.5Si-(x) Na-0.2Ca-0.13Zn-(0.17-x) Ce) (0.0.04 > x > 0.14) were produced. Glasses were characterised using …

Nanosecond Pulsed Electric Field Induced Cytoskeleton, Nuclear Membrane And Telomere Damage Adversely Impact Cell Survival, Michael W. Stacey, P. Fox, S. Buescher, Juergen F. Kolb

Bioelectrics Publications

We investigated the effects of nanosecond pulsed electric fields (nsPEF) on three human cell lines and demonstrated cell shrinkage, breakdown of the cytoskeleton, nuclear membrane and chromosomal telomere damage. There was a differential response between cell types coinciding with cell survival. Jurkat cells showed cytoskeleton, nuclear membrane and telomere damage that severely impacted cell survival compared to two adherent cell lines. Interestingly, disruption of the actin cytoskeleton in adherent cells prior to nsPEF exposure significantly reduced cell survival. We conclude that nsPEF applications are able to induce damage to the cytoskeleton and nuclear membrane. Telomere sequences, regions that tether and …

An Apoptosis Targeted Stimulus With Nanosecond Pulsed Electric Fields (Nspefs) In E4 Squamous Cell Carcinoma, Wei Ren, Stephen J. Beebe

Bioelectrics Publications

Stimuli directed towards activation of apoptosis mechanisms are an attractive approach to eliminate evasion of apoptosis, a ubiquitous cancer hallmark. In these in vitro studies, kinetics and electric field thresholds for several apoptosis characteristics are defined in E4 squamous carcinoma cells (SCC) exposed to ten 300 ns pulses with increasing electric fields. Cell death was [95% at the highest electric field and coincident with phosphatidylserine externalization, caspase and calpain activation in the presence and absence of cytochrome c release, decreases in Bid and mitochondria membrane potential (Δψm) without apparent changes reactive oxygen species levels or in Bcl2 and Bclxl levels. …

Simulation Of Electrospun Nanofiber Deposition On Stationary And Moving Substrates, Linhua Liu, Yuris A. Dzenis

Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering: Faculty Publications

Electrospinning produces continuous fibers with diameters from single nanometers to microns by jetting polymer solutions in high electric fields. Electrospun non-woven filamentary materials attract rapidly growing interest for broad range of applications. Properties of these materials depend on their nano- and microstructure that is determined in turn by the electric field and nanofiber collector. Despite critical importance, deposition of electrospun fibers on substrates has not yet been extensively studied theoretically and new methods of nanofiber collection continue to be developed mostly empirically. The objective of this Letter was to develop and demonstrate numerical simulation of electrospun nanofiber deposition on moving …

Human Sanitary Wastes And Waste Treatment In New York City, David J. Tonjes, Christine O'Connell, Omkar Aphale, R. Lawrence Swanson

Technology & Society Faculty Publications

Henry Hudson first sailed toNew Yorkharbor 400 years ago. Since then,New York Cityhas both affected and been affected by water quality in greaterNew YorkHarbor. In this paper, we focus on sewers, sewerage, and sewage treatment inManhattanand their effects on theHudson River. It is clear that feedbacks among drinking water quality and quantity, population, public perceptions, regulations, and estuarine water quality exist, although their strength and character have varied over time. Early land uses damaged local water supplies found on ManhattanIsland. New Yorkthen began to exploit the large fresh water resources available to its north, which helped the City to expand …

Kentucky Water Resources Research Institute Annual Technical Report Fy 2010, Kentucky Water Resources Research Institute, University Of Kentucky

KWRRI Annual Technical Reports (USGS’s 104b Grant Program)

The 2010 Annual Technical Report for Kentucky consolidates reporting requirements for the Section 104(b) base grant award into a single document that includes: 1) a synopsis of each research project that was conducted during the period, 2) citations for related publications, reports, and presentations, 3) a description of information transfer activities, 4) a summary of student support during the reporting period, and 5) notable awards and achievements during the year.

Development Of Dna Based Active Macro-Materials For Biology And Medicine: A Review, Frank Xue Jiang, Bernard Yurke, Devendra Verma, Michelle Previtera, Rene Schloss, Noshir A. Langrana

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Publications and Presentations

DNA was first discovered as the carrier of genetic information for the majority of the known living organisms, encoding the secret of life. Its delicate design based upon double helical structure and base pairing offers a stable and reliable media for storing hereditary codes, laying the foundation for the central dogma (Watson et al. 2003). The impact of this molecule is far reaching into scientific community and our society, as manifested in many fields, for instance, forensics (Budowle et al. 2003), besides medicine. To date, a great deal of research effort has been directed towards understanding

A Cell Electrofusion Microfluidic Device Integrated With 3d Thin-Film Microelectrode Arrays, Ning Hu, Jun Yang, Shizhi Qian, Sang W. Joo, Xiaolin Zheng

Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering Faculty Publications

A microfluidic device integrated with 3D thin film microelectrode arrays wrapped around serpentine-shaped microchannel walls has been designed, fabricated and tested for cell electrofusion. Each microelectrode array has 1015 discrete microelectrodes patterned on each side wall, and the adjacent microelectrodes are separated by coplanar dielectric channel wall. The device was tested to electrofuse K562 cells under a relatively low voltage. Under an AC electric field applied between the pair of the microelectrode arrays, cells are paired at the edge of each discrete microelectrode due to the induced positive dielectrophoresis. Subsequently, electric pulse signals are sequentially applied between the microelectrode arrays …

Long Term, Continuous Temperature Monitoring Of A Simple Anaerobic Digester And Open Manure Storage Pond In Eastern South Dakota, J. Darrington, E. Cortus

The Journal of Undergraduate Research

A two-cell manure storage system with a cover on the first cell was constructed in the late summer of 2009 in Eastern South Dakota. The covered cell acts as a simple anaerobic digester. Continuous temperature monitoring for 8 months shows the winter effluent temperature equilibrated to around 6°C, and that the effluent temperature trend lagged the ambient temperature trend by a month. Manure composition was also analyzed and was found to be relatively steady throughout the system. Volatile solids were the only component that dropped appreciably across the treatment cell, with an observed maximum of 50% reduction.

Activated Sludge And Other Aerobic Suspended Culture Processes, Charles J. Moretti, Dipesh Das, Brian T. Kistner, Harvey Gullicks, Yung Tse Hung

Civil and Environmental Engineering Faculty Publications

© 2011 by the authors. A review of the literature published in 2008, 2009 and 2010 relating to activated sludge treatment of wastewater is presented. The review considers information on the topics of modeling and kinetics; process microbiology; nitrogen and phosphorus removal; treatment and effects of xenobiotics; oxygen transfer; and solids separation.

Biofilm Fixed Film Systems, Harvey Gullicks, Hasibul Hasan, Dipesh Das, Charles Moretti, Yung Tse Hung

Civil and Environmental Engineering Faculty Publications

© 2011 by the authors. The work reviewed here was published between 2008 and 2010 and describes research that involved aerobic and anoxic biofilm treatment of water pollutants. Biofilm denitrification systems are covered when appropriate. References catalogued here are divided on the basis of fundamental research area or reactor types. Fundamental research into biofilms is presented in two sections, Biofilm Measurement and Characterization and Growth and Modeling. The reactor types covered are: trickling filters, rotating biological contactors, fluidized bed bioreactors, submerged bed biofilm reactors, biological granular activated carbon, membrane bioreactors, and immobilized cell reactors. Innovative reactors, not easily classified, are …

Dye Waste Treatment, Siew Teng Ong, Pei Sin Keng, Weng Nam Lee, Sie Tiong Ha, Yung Tse Hung

Civil and Environmental Engineering Faculty Publications

© 2011 by the authors. Dye wastes represent one of the most problematic groups of pollutants because they can be easily identified by the human eye and are not easily biodegradable. This literature review paper highlights and provides an overview of dye waste treatments performed over the three years period from 2008-2010. Noteworthy processes for the treatment of dye waste include biological treatment, catalytic oxidation, filtration, sorption process and combination treatments.

A Catholic And Marianist Engineering Education, Kevin P. Hallinan, Margaret Pinnell

Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Faculty Publications

The School of Engineering at the University of Dayton (UD), a Catholic and Marianist University, boasts large enrollments of 1,300 undergraduate and 350 graduate students out of a total of 7,000 undergraduates and 3,000 graduate students. It also boasts a faculty very active in research, which, under the umbrella of the University of Dayton Research Institute, is funded at a level of $100 million per year.

In the past decade, the University of Dayton has sought to better articulate the impact of its Catholic and Marianist traditions, and faculty have been challenged to embody these traditions. University mission statements and …

A Multi-Species Analysis Of Biomechanical Responses Of The Head To A Shock Wave, Richard Bolander

Wayne State University Dissertations

Shock wave induced brain injury remains a field of research that has great consequences for the rehabilitation of soldiers and civilians that are exposed to an explosion. As such, for the research to be successful in developing strategies to mitigate the effects of these injuries, appropriate research methods need to be developed. Animal models are currently employed to understand the brain's response to a shock wave exposure. Unfortunately no criteria have been established that indicates in what way the mechanical inputs that the cells in an animal's brain are subjected to are similar to a human. The purpose of this …

Supercritical Carbon Dioxide-Processed Resorbable Polymer Nanocomposites For Bone Graft Substitute Applications, Kevin Baker

Wayne State University Dissertations

Numerous clinical situations necessitate the use of bone graft materials to enhance bone formation. While autologous and allogenic materials are considered the gold standards in the setting of fracture healing and spine fusion, their disadvantages, which include donor site morbidity and finite supply have stimulated research and development of novel bone graft substitute materials. Among the most promising candidate materials are resorbable polymers, composed of lactic and/or glycolic acid. While the characteristics of these materials, such as predictable degradation kinetics and biocompatibility, make them an excellent choice for bone graft substitute applications, they lack mechanical strength when synthesized with the …

Computational Simulation Of Skull Fracture Patterns In Pediatric Subjects Using A Porcine Model, Christina Devito Wagner

Wayne State University Dissertations

In cases of suspected child abuse with skeletal trauma, it is often the role of the injury biomechanist, forensic pathologist, clinical radiologist, and forensic anthropologist to determine the mechanism of injury when the child victims cannot speak for themselves. This is a challenging task, especially for the head, as comprehensive biomechanical data on skull fracture in infants and children do not currently exist, and frequently the determination regarding cause of injury is based on anecdotal evidence from the medical literature and unsubstantiated eyewitness accounts. The current process may result in unreliable autopsy interpretation and miscarriages of justice due to a …

Perforation Of Arterial Tissue Using Kilohertz Frequency Ultrasound Delivered Via Wire Waveguides, Mark Wylie, Garrett Mcguinness, Graham Gavin

Conference Papers

An emerging technology proposes the use of low frequency-high power ultrasound transmitted via wire waveguides for the disruption and ablation of atherosclerotic lesions, more specifically advanced fibrous or calcified plaques such as chronic total occlusions (CTO). This energy delivery selectively ablates rigid diseased tissue by means of direct mechanical contact, cavitation and other forces generated by the intense dynamic pressure fields generated.

The first clinical device using this energy delivery was granted FDA approval in 2007 [1] for the ablation of CTOs and most research to date has focused on ablation and disruption of hard, fibrous or calcified tissues [2]. …

Investigation And Experimental Measurement Of Scissor Blade Cutting Forces Using Fiber Bragg Grating Sensors., Dean Callaghan, Ginu Rajan, Mark Mcgrath, Eugene Dermot Coyle Professor, Yuliya Semenova, Gerald Farrell

Articles

This paper investigated the application of FBG sensors in the measurement of scissor blade–tissue interaction forces. Sensor placement at the blade–tissue interaction site provides the basis for increased force measurement accuracy, without compromising the functionality of the instrument. This increased accuracy provided the foundation for in-depth analysis of the force components generated during typical scissor cutting cycles. Theoretical analysis and experimental investigation explored the decoupling of the major forces present during cutting. The isolation of tissue-fracture forces from inter-blade friction forces was carried out. This is useful as knowledge of the fracture properties of biological tissues can be diff cult …

Dissemination Strategy For The Nanosafety Cluster 27.09.2011, Extra Deliverable 4.12 .Nanoimpactnet Report, Gordon Chambers, Iseult Lynch, Darren Hart, Nathalie Boschung, Byrony Ross, Sonja Grossberndt

Reports

So that the widest possible group of European nanosafety stakeholders are able to meet, interact, benefit from the work of NSC project members and work using reproducible methods using the same terms, there must be coordination. The following requirements should be clearly defined in the formulation of all new EC sponsored nanosafety-related projects and should be strongly encouraged in existing NSC projects:

Test 2009: Case Ih Steiger 450, Nebraska Tractor Test Lab

Nebraska Tractor Tests

ABOUT THE TEST REPORT AND USE OF THE DATA The test data contained in this report are a tabulation of the results of a series of tests. Due to the restricted format of these pages, only a limited amount of data and not all of the tractor specifications are included. The full OECD report contains usually about 30 pages of data and specifications. The test data were obtained for each tractor under similar conditions and therefore, provide a means of comparison of performance based on a limited set of reported data. EXPLANATION OF THE TEST PROCEDURES Purpose The purpose of …

Nebraska Summary: S802 Case-Ih Puma 215, Nebraska Tractor Test Lab

Nebraska Tractor Tests

ABOUT THE TEST REPORT AND USE OF THE DATA The test data contained in this report are a tabulation of the results of a series of tests. Due to the restricted format of these pages, only a limited amount of data and not all of the tractor specifications are included. The full OECD report contains usually about 30 pages of data and specifications. The test data were obtained for each tractor under similar conditions and therefore, provide a means of comparison of performance based on a limited set of reported data. EXPLANATION OF THE TEST PROCEDURES Purpose The purpose of …

Role Of Helmet In The Mechanics Of Shock Wave Propagation Under Blast Loading Conditions, Shailesh G. Ganpule, Linxia Gu, Aaron L. Alai, Namas Chandra

Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering: Faculty Publications

The effectiveness of helmets in extenuating the primary shock waves generated by the explosions of improvised explosive devices is not clearly understood. In this work, the role of helmet on the overpressurization and impulse experienced by the head were examined. The shock wave–head interactions were studied under three different cases: (i) unprotected head, (ii) head with helmet but with varying head–helmet gaps and (iii) head covered with helmet and tightly fitting foam pads. The intensification effect was discussed by examining the shock wave flow pattern and verified with experiments. A helmet with a better protection against shock wave is suggested.

Effects Of Mass Layer Nonuniformity On A Quartz-Crystal Microbalance, Nan Liu, Jiashi Yang, Weiqiu Chen

Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering: Faculty Publications

We study the effects of the nonuniform thickness of a thin mass layer on a quartz-crystal microbalance. A theoretical analysis is performed on thickness-shear (TSh) vibration of an AT-cut quartz plate with a nonuniform mass layer. Mindlin’s 2-D equation for TSh vibration of a quartz plate is used. An elliptical mass layer with stepped thickness is considered which allows an exact analysis based on the plate equation. Free vibration frequencies and modes are obtained. The effects of the mass layer nonuniformity are examined. Results show that a mass layer thicker at the center tends to confine more modes under the …

Program And Proceedings: Nebraska Academy Of Sciences 1880–2011, 131st Anniversary Year, One Hundred-Twenty-First Annual Meeting

Nebraska Academy of Sciences: Programs and Proceedings

Program

Aeronautics and Space Science

Collegiate Academy: Biology

Collegiate Academy: Chemistry and Physics

Chemistry and Physics

Biological and Medical Sciences

Junior Academy, Senior High Competition

Nebraska Wesleyan University Health and Sciences Graduate School Fair, Olin and Smith Curtiss Halls

Teaching of Science and Math

Aeronautics and Space Science, Poster Session

Applied Science and Technology

Maiben Memorial Lecture: Erin Flynn, Omaha Henry Doorly Zoo

Aeronautics

Anthropology

Earth Science

Junior Academy, Junior High Competition

Ultra-Low Power Electronics For Autonomous Micro-Sensor Applications, Rebeka Davidova

USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations

This thesis presented the research, design and fabrication associated with a unique application of rectenna technology combined with lock-in amplification. An extremely low-power harmonic transponder is conjoined with an interrogator base-station, and utilizing coherent demodulation the Remote Lock-In Amplifier (RLIA) concept is realized. Utilizing harmonic re-radiation with very low-power input, the 1^st generation transponder detects a transmitted interrogation signal and responds by retransmitting the second harmonic of the signal. The 1^st generation transponder performs this task while using no additional power besides that which accompanies the wireless signal. Demonstration of the first complete configuration provided proof of concept …

An Exploration Of Focused Electron Beam-Induced-Deposition At Cryogenic Temperatures, Matthew Bresin

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

A modified version of electron beam-induced-deposition (EBID) has been studied, where cryogenic substrates were employed to alter the growth environment. Cryogenic substrates enabled multi-layer condensed phase films, which, upon electron exposure and reheating to room temperature, exhibited several unique surface morphologies not present in traditional EBID deposits. By analyzing the composition and structure of the cryogenic deposits, along with simulation of energy deposition from exposure, a diffusion based growth mechanism has been proposed. To test the validity of the proposed model, several process variables were investigated including electron flux, electron fluence, condensate thickness and precursor type. Using the knowledge garnered …

The Formation And Distribution Of Hippocampal Synapses On Patterned Neuronal Networks, Natalie Michelle Dowell-Mesfin

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

ABSTRACT

Cost-Effective Imprint Template Fabrication For Step And Flash Imprint Lithography, Adam Marc Munder

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

The College of Nanoscale Science and Engineering (CNSE) is studying imprint template fabrication with the 100kV Vistec VB300 Gaussian E-Beam writer. The major goal is to develop and advance imprint template fabrication technology using low cost quartz wafers for proof-of-concept demonstrations.

Applying X-Ray Microscopy And Finite Element Modeling (Fem) To Identify The Mechanism Of Stress-Assisted Void Growth In Through Silicon Via (Tsv), Lay Wai Kong

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

Fabricating through-silicon vias (TSVs) is challenging, especially for conformally filled TSVs, often hampered by the seam line and void inside the TSVs. Stress-assisted void growth in TSVs has been studied by finite element stress modeling and X-ray computed tomography (XCT). Because X-ray imaging does not require TSVs to be physically cross-sectioned, the same TSV can be imaged before and after annealing. Using 8 keV laboratory-based XCT, voids formed during copper electroplating are observed in as-deposited samples and void growth is observed at the void location after annealing. We hypothesize that the mechanism generating voids is hydrostatic stress-assisted void growth. Stresses …

Applications Of Raman Spectroscopy For Silicon Stress Characterization In Integrated Circuits, Colin Mcdonough

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

The introduction of mechanical stress in Si-based integrated circuits (ICs), whether desired or undesired, is intrinsic to IC fabrication. The origins are diverse and result from the numerous materials, geometries, and processes involved in fabrication. These stresses can lead to such effects as delamination, void formation and migration, and fracture, and can significantly affect device performance. As a result, stress development is a major concern for reliability, process control, and device design. It is necessary to investigate and characterize the origins and levels of the induced stresses. A more complete fundamental understanding of the evolution of stress in ICs and …