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A Microfluidic Pretreatment Isoelectric Focusing Dc-Field Assisted H-Filter For The Separation Of Charged Particles, Cameron Sean Carroll Mar 2013

A Microfluidic Pretreatment Isoelectric Focusing Dc-Field Assisted H-Filter For The Separation Of Charged Particles, Cameron Sean Carroll

Biomedical Engineering

Microfluidic devices are small portable diagnostic chips that allow for analysis of a biologic sample at relatively low cost. This makes them ideal for settings where a hospital is unavailable. The microfluidic pretreatment isoelectric focusing DC-field assisted H-filter is a device that allows for the separation of differently charged particles in a biologic sample. It does this by employing the concepts of diffusion, electrophoresis, and isoelectric focusing. This is perfect for isolation of a desired analyte or separation of waste from a sample in order to achieve better diagnostic results. The device was first modeled mathematically and visually using Comsol. …

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Single-Cell Measurements Of Ige-Mediated Fcεri Signaling Using An Integrated Microfluidic Platform, Yanli Liu, Dipak Barua, Peng Liu, Bridget S. Wilson, Janet M. Oliver, William S. Hlavacek, Anup K. Singh Mar 2013

Single-Cell Measurements Of Ige-Mediated Fcεri Signaling Using An Integrated Microfluidic Platform, Yanli Liu, Dipak Barua, Peng Liu, Bridget S. Wilson, Janet M. Oliver, William S. Hlavacek, Anup K. Singh

Chemical and Biochemical Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Heterogeneity in responses of cells to a stimulus, such as a pathogen or allergen, can potentially play an important role in deciding the fate of the responding cell population and the overall systemic response. Measuring heterogeneous responses requires tools capable of interrogating individual cells. Cell signaling studies commonly do not have single-cell resolution because of the limitations of techniques used such as Westerns, ELISAs, mass spectrometry, and DNA microarrays. Microfluidics devices are increasingly being used to overcome these limitations. Here, we report on a microfluidic platform for cell signaling analysis that combines two orthogonal single-cell measurement technologies: on-chip flow cytometry …

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Bacterial Growth On Metal And Non-Metal Surfaces In A Static Bioreactor, Rolan Yuk Loong Liong Mar 2013

Bacterial Growth On Metal And Non-Metal Surfaces In A Static Bioreactor, Rolan Yuk Loong Liong

Master's Theses

Research was conducted to observe bacterial growth on the surface of metals in a static bioreactor. Metal and non-metal samples were subjected to bacterial exposure (1 day and 9 days). The metal samples were surface treated prior to bacterial exposure. The microstructures of the surface treated samples were analyzed by optical microscopy. After exposure, the microstructures of the samples were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The analysis suggested that microbial attachment on the surface was related to the underlying microstructure of steel. The preferential attachment of microbes could potentially be influenced by cathodic and anodic regions created by the …

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Effects Of Ovariectomy And Anatomical Location On Osteonal Encroachment In Adult Cortical Ovine Bone, Paige Brell Ryan Mar 2013

Effects Of Ovariectomy And Anatomical Location On Osteonal Encroachment In Adult Cortical Ovine Bone, Paige Brell Ryan

Master's Theses

The purpose of this study is to further quantify adult ovine ovariectomized bone for new remodeling characteristics to obtain a better understanding of how remodeling is occurring and the effectiveness of this animal model for the study of postmenopausal osteoporosis. Postmenopausal osteoporosis is a major health concern and animal models to test new treatment options are needed. The ovine model is a good option because the ewes undergo Haversian remodeling, are a large sized animal, and have a similar hormone profile to humans. Ewes, however, do not undergo a natural menopause, so an ovariectomy surgery was conducted in the sheep …

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Hydrologic Modeling Of The San Joaquin Valley Watershed For Purposes Of Nitrate Analysis, Stephen Carl Clayton Mar 2013

Hydrologic Modeling Of The San Joaquin Valley Watershed For Purposes Of Nitrate Analysis, Stephen Carl Clayton

Master's Theses

The San Joaquin Valley is regarded as one of the most productive agricultural regions in the world. This extensive agriculture has, however, caused extensive pollution of both ground water and surface water. This thesis develops a hydrologic model of the surface and ground waters of the San Joaquin Valley. Such modeling is useful in the development and implementation of water quality regulations such as Total Maximum Daily Loads (TMDLs). A properly validated watershed simulation model can supplement data collection and can account for watershed characteristics including topography, soils, climate, land cover, anthropogenic activities, as well as simulate watershed responses including …

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Three-Dimensional Engineered Matrix To Study Cancer Stem Cells And Tumorsphere Formation: Effect Of Matrix Modulus, Xiaoming Yang, Samaneh Kamali Sarvestani, Seyedsina Moeinzadeh, Xuezhong He, Esmaiel Jabbari Mar 2013

Three-Dimensional Engineered Matrix To Study Cancer Stem Cells And Tumorsphere Formation: Effect Of Matrix Modulus, Xiaoming Yang, Samaneh Kamali Sarvestani, Seyedsina Moeinzadeh, Xuezhong He, Esmaiel Jabbari

Faculty Publications

Maintenance of cancer stem cells (CSCs) is regulated by the tumor microenvironment. Synthetic hydrogels provide the flexibility to design three-dimensional (3D) matrices to isolate and study individual factors in the tumor microenvironment. The objective of this work was to investigate the effect of matrix modulus on tumorsphere formation by breast cancer cells and maintenance of CSCs in an inert microenvironment without the interference of other factors. In that regard, 4T1 mouse breast cancer cells were encapsulated in inert polyethylene glycol diacrylate hydrogels and the effect of matrix modulus on tumorsphere formation and expression of CSC markers was investigated. The gel …

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Development Of Novel Fiber Optic Humidity Sensors And Their Derived Applications, Jinesh Mathew Mar 2013

Development Of Novel Fiber Optic Humidity Sensors And Their Derived Applications, Jinesh Mathew

Doctoral

The main focus of this thesis is on the design and development of novel fiber optic devices for relative humidity (RH) sensing with emphasis on high sensitivity, a wide humidity range, low temperature dependence, fast response time and good stability.
Novel RH sensors based on fiber bends are fabricated by coating the surface of the buffer stripped bent fiber with selected hygroscopic materials such as Polyethylene oxide or Agarose. It is shown that the Polyethylene oxide coated device has a high sensitivity in a narrow RH range while the Agarose coated fiber bend shows a linear RH sensitivity in a …

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Development And Characterization Of A Chromotomosynthetic Hyperspectral Imaging System, Randall L. Bostick Mar 2013

Development And Characterization Of A Chromotomosynthetic Hyperspectral Imaging System, Randall L. Bostick

Theses and Dissertations

A chromotomosynthetic imaging (CTI) methodology based upon mathematical reconstruction of a set of 2-D spectral projections to collect high-speed (100 Hz) 3-D hyperspectral data cube has been proposed. The CTI system can simultaneously provide usable 3-D spatial and spectral information, provide high-frame rate slitless 1-D spectra, and generate 2-D imagery equivalent to that collected with no prism in the optical system. The wavelength region where prism dispersion is highest (500 nm) is most sensitive to loss of spectral resolution in the presence of systematic error, while wavelengths 600 nm suffer mostly from a shift of the spectral peaks. The quality …

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Tracking Knee Joint Functional Axes Through Tikhonov Filtering And Plűcker Coordinates, Wangdo Kim, Yoon-Hyuk Kim, António P. Veloso, Sean S. Kohles Mar 2013

Tracking Knee Joint Functional Axes Through Tikhonov Filtering And Plűcker Coordinates, Wangdo Kim, Yoon-Hyuk Kim, António P. Veloso, Sean S. Kohles

Mechanical and Materials Engineering Faculty Publications and Presentations

Researchers have reported several compensation methods to estimate bone and joint position from a cluster of skin-mounted markers as influenced by Soft Tissue Artifacts (STA). Tikhonov Regularization Filtering (TRF) as a means to estimate Instantaneous Screw Axes (ISA) was introduced here as a means to reduce the displacement of a rigid body to its simplest geometric form. Recent studies have suggested that the ISA of the knee, i.e., Knee Functional Axes (KFA), might be closely connected to the estimation of constraint forces such as those due to medial and lateral connective tissues. The estimations of ISAs were known to be …

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The Santa Clara, 2013-02-28, Santa Clara University Feb 2013

The Santa Clara, 2013-02-28, Santa Clara University

The Santa Clara

No abstract provided.

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Combination And Applications Of Time-Resolved Surface Plasmon Resonance Spectroscopy And Electrochemical Methods, Yu Bao, Yan Mao, Wei Wang, Zheng-Gang Li, Li Niu Feb 2013

Combination And Applications Of Time-Resolved Surface Plasmon Resonance Spectroscopy And Electrochemical Methods, Yu Bao, Yan Mao, Wei Wang, Zheng-Gang Li, Li Niu

Journal of Electrochemistry

Electrochemical-surface plasmon resonance (EC-SPR) technique, developed in recent years, is a new technology which combines time-resolved surface plasmon resonance spectroscopy and electrochemical methods. Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) is a physical phenomenon generated by optical coupling using a metallic thin film and is very sensitive to optical analysis. The principles of SPR and EC-SPR are briefly introduced and the applications of the combination of SPR spectroscopy with electrochemical techniques are reviewed in this paper. This new technology has been widely used in such research areas as reaction dynamics, biochemical sensors, electrode/electrolyte interfaces, kinetic parameters and bimolecular interactions.

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Simultaneous Measurement Of Deep Tissue Blood Flow And Oxygenation Using Noncontact Diffuse Correlation Spectroscopy Flow-Oximeter, Ting Li, Yu Lin, Yu Shang, Lian He, Chong Huang, Margaret M. Szabunio, Guoqiang Yu Feb 2013

Simultaneous Measurement Of Deep Tissue Blood Flow And Oxygenation Using Noncontact Diffuse Correlation Spectroscopy Flow-Oximeter, Ting Li, Yu Lin, Yu Shang, Lian He, Chong Huang, Margaret M. Szabunio, Guoqiang Yu

Biomedical Engineering Faculty Publications

We report a novel noncontact diffuse correlation spectroscopy flow-oximeter for simultaneous quantification of relative changes in tissue blood flow (rBF) and oxygenation (Δ[oxygenation]). The noncontact probe was compared against a contact probe in tissue-like phantoms and forearm muscles (n = 10), and the dynamic trends in both rBF and Δ[oxygenation] were found to be highly correlated. However, the magnitudes of Δ[oxygenation] measured by the two probes were significantly different. Monte Carlo simulations and phantom experiments revealed that the arm curvature resulted in a significant underestimation (~-20%) for the noncontact measurements in Δ[ …

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Effect Of Ti/Pbo2 Electrodes Doped With Different Elements On Electrocatalytic Oxidation Characteristics Of Phenol, Xiao-Lei Liu, Yuan-Yuan Dan, Hai-Yan Lu, Hai-Bo Lin, Ming-Li Ouyang, Chuan-Jun Yun Feb 2013

Effect Of Ti/Pbo2 Electrodes Doped With Different Elements On Electrocatalytic Oxidation Characteristics Of Phenol, Xiao-Lei Liu, Yuan-Yuan Dan, Hai-Yan Lu, Hai-Bo Lin, Ming-Li Ouyang, Chuan-Jun Yun

Journal of Electrochemistry

Three types of electrodes, namely, Ti/PbO2, F-doped PbO2 (Ti/PbO2-F) and nano-Co3O4-doped PbO2 (Ti/PbO2+Nano-Co3O4) electrodes, were prepared by electro-deposition method on the Ti substrate with the interlayer of SnO2-Sb2O5. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to study the compositions, structures and film morphologies of the electrodes. Electrocatalytic oxidation characteristics to phenol on the prepared electrodes were investigated by electrochemical method. The experimental results showed that compared with the Ti/PbO2 electrode, the potentials of oxygen …

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A Dft Calculation Screening Of Pt-Based Bimetallic Catalysts For Oxygen Reduction, Li-Hui Ou, Sheng-Li Chen Feb 2013

A Dft Calculation Screening Of Pt-Based Bimetallic Catalysts For Oxygen Reduction, Li-Hui Ou, Sheng-Li Chen

Journal of Electrochemistry

Developing Pt-lean catalysts for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is the key for large-scale application of proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC). In this paper, we have proposed a multiple-descriptor strategy for screening efficient and durable ORR alloy catalysts of low Pt content. We argue that an ideal Pt-based bimetallic alloy catalyst for ORR should possess simultaneously negative alloy formation energy, negative surface segregation energy of Pt and a lower oxygen binding ability than pure Pt. By performing detailed DFT calculations on the thermodynamics, surface chemistry and electronic properties of various Pt-M alloys (M refers to non-precious transition metals in the …

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High-Resolution Dynamic Atomic Force Microscopy In Liquids With Different Feedback Architectures, John Melcher, David Martinez-Martin, Miriam Jaafar, Julio Gomez-Herrero, Arvind Raman Feb 2013

High-Resolution Dynamic Atomic Force Microscopy In Liquids With Different Feedback Architectures, John Melcher, David Martinez-Martin, Miriam Jaafar, Julio Gomez-Herrero, Arvind Raman

Birck and NCN Publications

The recent achievement of atomic resolution with dynamic atomic force microscopy (dAFM) [Fukuma et al., Appl. Phys. Lett. 2005, 87, 034101], where quality factors of the oscillating probe are inherently low, challenges some accepted beliefs concerning sensitivity and resolution in dAFM imaging modes. Through analysis and experiment we study the performance metrics for high-resolution imaging with dAFM in liquid media with amplitude modulation (AM), frequency modulation (FM) and drive-amplitude modulation (DAM) imaging modes. We find that while the quality factors of dAFM probes may deviate by several orders of magnitude between vacuum and liquid media, their sensitivity to tip-sample forces …

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Quantifying The Nonlinear, Anisotropic Material Response Of Spinal Ligaments, Daniel J. Robertson Feb 2013

Quantifying The Nonlinear, Anisotropic Material Response Of Spinal Ligaments, Daniel J. Robertson

Theses and Dissertations

Spinal ligaments may be a significant source of chronic back pain, yet they are often disregarded by the clinical community due to a lack of information with regards to their material response, and innervation characteristics. The purpose of this dissertation was to characterize the material response of spinal ligaments and to review their innervation characteristics.


Review of relevant literature revealed that all of the major spinal ligaments are innervated. They cause painful sensations when irritated and provide reflexive control of the deep spinal musculature. As such, including the neurologic implications of iatrogenic ligament damage in the evaluation of surgical procedures …

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Atypical Glycolysis In Clostridium Thermocellum, Jilai Zhou, Daniel G. Olson, D. Aaron Argyros, Yu Deng, Walter M. Van Gulik, Johannes P. Van Dijken, Lee R. Lynd Feb 2013

Atypical Glycolysis In Clostridium Thermocellum, Jilai Zhou, Daniel G. Olson, D. Aaron Argyros, Yu Deng, Walter M. Van Gulik, Johannes P. Van Dijken, Lee R. Lynd

Dartmouth Scholarship

Cofactor specificities of glycolytic enzymes in Clostridium thermocellum were studied with cellobiose-grown cells from batch cultures. Intracellular glucose was phosphorylated by glucokinase using GTP rather than ATP. Although phosphofructokinase typically uses ATP as a phosphoryl donor, we found only pyrophosphate (PPi)-linked activity. Phosphoglycerate kinase used both GDP and ADP as phosphoryl acceptors. In agreement with the absence of a pyruvate kinase sequence in the C. thermocellum genome, no activity of this enzyme could be detected. Also, the annotated pyruvate phosphate dikinase (ppdk) is not crucial for the generation of pyruvate from phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP), as deletion of the ppdk gene did …

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The Santa Clara, 2013-02-21, Santa Clara University Feb 2013

The Santa Clara, 2013-02-21, Santa Clara University

The Santa Clara

No abstract provided.

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The Santa Clara, 2013-02-14, Santa Clara University Feb 2013

The Santa Clara, 2013-02-14, Santa Clara University

The Santa Clara

No abstract provided.

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Carbothermal Synthesis Of Titanium Oxycarbide As Electrocatalyst Support With High Oxygen Evolution Reaction Activity, Kan Huang, Yunfeng Li, Yangchuan Xing Feb 2013

Carbothermal Synthesis Of Titanium Oxycarbide As Electrocatalyst Support With High Oxygen Evolution Reaction Activity, Kan Huang, Yunfeng Li, Yangchuan Xing

Chemical and Biochemical Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Carbothermal reduction of semiconducting TiO2 into highly conductive titanium oxycarbide (TiOxCy) was investigated. The thermally produced uniform carbon layer on TiO2 (Degussa P25) protects the TiO2 nanoparticles from sintering and, at the same time, supplies the carbon source for doping TiO2 with carbon. At low temperatures (e.g., 700 °C), carbon only substitutes part of the oxide and distorts the TiO2 lattice to form TiO2-xCx with only substitutional carbon. When the carbon-doped TiO2 is annealed at a higher temperature (1100 °C), x-ray diffraction and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy results showed that TiOxCy, a solid …

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Hydraulic Evaluation Of A Community Managed Wastewater Stabilization Pond System In Bolivia, Louis Lizima Feb 2013

Hydraulic Evaluation Of A Community Managed Wastewater Stabilization Pond System In Bolivia, Louis Lizima

USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations

This work explores the hydraulic performance of a wastewater lagoon system located in San Antonio, Bolivia. The system consists of one facultative pond and two maturation ponds in series and is managed through a locally elected water committee. A tracer study was performed on the primary facultative pond and an analysis of the solids accumulation on the bottom of the facultative lagoon was also performed. The results were used to generate residence time distribution curves and provide an estimate of mean residence time in the system. The data was used to examine hydraulic efficiency as it relates to short-circuiting and …

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3-D Terahertz Synthetic-Aperture Imaging And Spectroscopy, Samuel C. Henry Feb 2013

3-D Terahertz Synthetic-Aperture Imaging And Spectroscopy, Samuel C. Henry

Dissertations and Theses

Terahertz (THz) wavelengths have attracted recent interest in multiple disciplines within engineering and science. Situated between the infrared and the microwave region of the electromagnetic spectrum, THz energy can propagate through non-polar materials such as clothing or packaging layers. Moreover, many chemical compounds, including explosives and many drugs, reveal strong absorption signatures in the THz range. For these reasons, THz wavelengths have great potential for non-destructive evaluation and explosive detection. Three-dimensional (3-D) reflection imaging with considerable depth resolution is also possible using pulsed THz systems. While THz imaging (especially 3-D) systems typically operate in transmission mode, reflection offers the most …

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Smaller Spacecraft For Flying Large Clusters Of Biological Space Experiments, Robert J. Twiggs Feb 2013

Smaller Spacecraft For Flying Large Clusters Of Biological Space Experiments, Robert J. Twiggs

Robert "Bob" Twiggs STEM Education Collection

A PowerPoint presentation created by Professor Bob Twiggs titled "Smaller spacecraft for flying large clusters of biological space experiments" from February 5, 2013.

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Design Of A 2.4 Ghz Horizontally Polarized Microstrip Patch Antenna Using Rectangular And Circular Directors And Reflectors, Yosef Yilak Woldeamanuel Feb 2013

Design Of A 2.4 Ghz Horizontally Polarized Microstrip Patch Antenna Using Rectangular And Circular Directors And Reflectors, Yosef Yilak Woldeamanuel

Electrical Engineering Theses

In the urban or indoor wireless environment, after a complicated multiple reflection or scattering effect, the polarization of the propagating radio waves may change significantly. Although many current wireless systems are vertically polarized it has been predicted that using horizontally polarized antenna at both the transmitter and receiver has many advantages. In this thesis, new designs are proposed to develop a horizontally polarized microstrip patch antennas for 2.4 GHz applications using directors and reflectors to guide the radiated power. The radiation characteristics of these designs with respect to various geometrical parameters such as the dimensions of the reflector and directors, …

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A Computational Approach To Optimize Microring Resonators For Biosensing Applications, Justin C. Wirth, B. R. Wenner, M. S. Allen, J. W. Allen, M. Qi Feb 2013

A Computational Approach To Optimize Microring Resonators For Biosensing Applications, Justin C. Wirth, B. R. Wenner, M. S. Allen, J. W. Allen, M. Qi

Birck and NCN Publications

Microcavity structures have recently found utility in chemical/biological sensing applications. The appeal of these structures over other refractive index-based sensing schemes, such as those based on surface plasmon resonance, lies in their potential for producing a highly sensitive response to binding events. High-Q devices, characterized by sharp line widths, are extremely attractive for sensing applications because the bound analyte provides an increased optical pathlength, thus shifting the resonant frequency of the device. In this work, we design and simulate resonant microrings using full-wave finite element models. In addition to structure design, integration of the biological recognition element on the resonator …

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Visual Homing With A Pan-Tilt Based Stereo Camera, Paramesh Nirmal, Damian M. Lyons Feb 2013

Visual Homing With A Pan-Tilt Based Stereo Camera, Paramesh Nirmal, Damian M. Lyons

Faculty Publications

Visual homing is a navigation method based on comparing a stored image of the goal location and the current image (current view) to determine how to navigate to the goal location. It is theorized that insects, such as ants and bees, employ visual homing methods to return to their nest [1]. Visual homing has been applied to autonomous robot platforms using two main approaches: holistic and feature-based. Both methods aim at determining distance and direction to the goal location. Navigational algorithms using Scale Invariant Feature Transforms (SIFT) have gained great popularity in the recent years due to the robustness of …

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Volatility In Mrna Secondary Structure As A Design Principle For Antisense, Erik Johnson, Ranjan Srivastava Feb 2013

Volatility In Mrna Secondary Structure As A Design Principle For Antisense, Erik Johnson, Ranjan Srivastava

Open Access Author Fund Awardees' Articles

Designing effective antisense sequences is a formidable problem. A method for predicting efficacious antisense holds the potential to provide fundamental insight into this biophysical process. More practically, such an understanding increases the chance of successful antisense design as well as saving considerable time, money and labor. The secondary structure of an mRNA molecule is believed to be in a constant state of flux, sampling several different suboptimal states. We hypothesized that particularly volatile regions might provide better accessibility for antisense targeting. A computational framework, GenAVERT was developed to evaluate this hypothesis. GenAVERT used UNAFold and RNAforester to generate and compare …

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Research Challenges And Opportunities In Knowledge Representation, Natasha Noy, Deborah Mcguinness, Eyal Amir, Chitta Baral, Michael Beetz, Sean Bechhofer, Craig Boutilier, Anthony Cohn, Johan De Kleer, Michel Dumontier, Tim Finin, Kenneth Forbus, Lise Getoor, Yolanda Gil, Jeff Heflin, Pascal Hitzler, Craig Knoblock, Henry Kautz, Yuliya Lierler, Vladimir Lifschitz, Peter F. Patel-Schneider, Christine Piatko, Doug Riecken, Mark Schildhauer Feb 2013

Research Challenges And Opportunities In Knowledge Representation, Natasha Noy, Deborah Mcguinness, Eyal Amir, Chitta Baral, Michael Beetz, Sean Bechhofer, Craig Boutilier, Anthony Cohn, Johan De Kleer, Michel Dumontier, Tim Finin, Kenneth Forbus, Lise Getoor, Yolanda Gil, Jeff Heflin, Pascal Hitzler, Craig Knoblock, Henry Kautz, Yuliya Lierler, Vladimir Lifschitz, Peter F. Patel-Schneider, Christine Piatko, Doug Riecken, Mark Schildhauer

Computer Science and Engineering Faculty Publications

Modern intelligent systems in every area of science rely critically on knowledge representation and reasoning (KR). The techniques and methods developed by the researchers in knowledge representation and reasoning are key drivers of innovation in computer science; they have led to significant advances in practical applications in a wide range of areas from natural-­‐language processing to robotics to software engineering. Emerging fields such as the semantic web, computational biology, social computing, and many others rely on and contribute to advances in knowledge representation. As the era of “Big Data” evolves, scientists in a broad range of disciplines are increasingly relying …

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Probabilistic Estimates Of Future Changes In California Temperature And Precipitation Usingstatistical And Dynamical Downscaling, David W. Pierce, Tapash Das, Daniel R. Cayan, Edwin P. Maurer, Norman L. Miller, Yan Bao, M. Kanamitsu, Kei Yoshimura, Mark A. Snyder, Lisa C. Sloan, Guido Franco, Mary Tyree Feb 2013

Probabilistic Estimates Of Future Changes In California Temperature And Precipitation Usingstatistical And Dynamical Downscaling, David W. Pierce, Tapash Das, Daniel R. Cayan, Edwin P. Maurer, Norman L. Miller, Yan Bao, M. Kanamitsu, Kei Yoshimura, Mark A. Snyder, Lisa C. Sloan, Guido Franco, Mary Tyree

Civil, Environmental and Sustainable Engineering

Sixteen global general circulation models were used to develop probabilistic projections of temperature (T) and precipitation (P) changes over California by the 2060s. The global models were downscaled with two statistical techniques and three nested dynamical regional climate models, although not all global models were downscaled with all techniques. Both monthly and daily timescale changes in T and P are addressed, the latter being important for a range of applications in energy use, water management, and agriculture. The T changes tend to agree more across downscaling techniques than the P changes. Year-to-year natural internal climate variability is roughly of similar …

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Particle Shape Enhances Specificity Of Antibody-Displaying Nanoparticles, Sutapa Barua, Jin-Wook Yoo, Poornima Kolhar, Aditya Wakankar, Yatin R. Gokarn, Samir Mitragotri Feb 2013

Particle Shape Enhances Specificity Of Antibody-Displaying Nanoparticles, Sutapa Barua, Jin-Wook Yoo, Poornima Kolhar, Aditya Wakankar, Yatin R. Gokarn, Samir Mitragotri

Chemical and Biochemical Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Monoclonal antibodies are used in numerous therapeutic and diagnostic applications; however, their efficacy is contingent on specificity and avidity. Here, we show that presentation of antibodies on the surface of nonspherical particles enhances antibody specificity as well as avidity toward their targets. Using spherical, rod-, and disk-shaped polystyrene nano- and microparticles and trastuzumab as the targeting antibody, we studied specific and nonspecific uptake in three breast cancer cell lines: BT-474, SK-BR-3, and MDA-MB-231. Rods exhibited higher specific uptake and lower nonspecific uptake in all cells compared with spheres. This surprising interplay between particle shape and antibodies originates from the unique …

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