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Alcohol Assisted Hydrocarbon Fuels: A Comparison Of Exhaust Emissions And Fuel Consumption Using Steady-State And Dynamic Engine Test Facilities, D. J. Bushnell, J. M. Simonsen

UMR-MEC Conference on Energy / UMR-DNR Conference on Energy

This paper presents experimental data which exemplifies the differences in emission level testing on internal combustion engines when dynamic engine tests are used instead of steady-state engine tests. A comparison of the two test methods is made using hydrocarbon fuels with varying amounts of methanol. Emissions measured include the nitric oxides, unburned hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide. Emission levels and fuel consumption are reported for the various volumetric percentages of methanol in the fuel.

Of special significance are the different trends the emission levels establish when subjected to a dynamic engine test as compared to the results for the steady-state tests. …

Energy, Environment And Incremental Decision Making, Jeff V. Conopask, Robert R. Reynolds Jr.

UMR-MEC Conference on Energy / UMR-DNR Conference on Energy

During the late 1960's and early 70's a variety of environmental/energy oriented legislation was enacted by the Congress. The most important of these acts, the National Environmental Protection Act (NEPA), required that environmental impact statements be filed when various private and public activities have a potential for impacting man and his environment. (17) Impact statement requirements go beyond the currently practiced cost/benefit analysis, which is often just a production (direct) impact assessment. Heretofore, indirect or second round economic and social effects of consequence affecting other national goals were seldom counted.

Planned Unit Development: A Comprehensive Analysis Of A New Approach To Community Living., John Raymond Weese

Masters Theses

"Undeveloped land in America has been one of our most cherished natural resources for many years. Yet, land development has often been haphazard and extremely wasteful.

This paper presents a comprehensive analysis of one particular method for developing land which utilizes land efficiently, but which also respects the natural characteristics of a land development site. The Planned Unit Development process is such a method, and it is the subject of this paper.

The Planned Unit Development concept is an outgrowth of the planned community concept which has existed for many years. However, only recently has the Planned Unit Development concept …

Image Detection In Signal Dependent Noise., Robert D. Laramore

Masters Theses

"This thesis deals with the detection of two-dimensional signals in the presence of noise, including signal dependent noise. The object to be detected and the background are assumed known a priori. A decision rule based on a likelihood ratio test is obtained and the associated probabilities of detection and false alarm are evaluated. This is done first in general terms, where neither the form of sampling nor the model used for noise is specified. Then results are obtained for three examples: Poisson noise, signal dependent Gaussian noise, and binomial noise. Finally, the degradation resulting from a point spread function is …

Disposal Of Lead And Zinc Cationic Wastes On Soils., Stephen Melvin Linnemann

Masters Theses

"The sorption and desorption of lead and zinc on soil samples from the "New Lead Belt" of southeastern Missouri and from Springfield, Missouri, were investigated using both column and batch systems. These cations were selected for study because of the possible effects which soil pollution in the "New Lead Belt" mining region could have on shallow aquifers and because both metals are utilized in the electroplating industry.

It was found that soil has the ability to sorb lead and zinc; however, the cation-exchange capacity (C.E.C.) of the soils studied was not fully satisfied, though there was evidence that i f …

Bit Penetration Into Rock - A Finite Element Study, Jaw-Kuang Wang

Doctoral Dissertations

"A finite element approach has been developed to simulate bit penetration from bit-rock interaction to chip formation. A mathematical rock failure model, based on a review of the existing literature on rock tests, has been proposed to represent post-failure rock behavior and applied in the penetration simulations. The finite element program has been developed for two dimensional plane strain problems with non-linear material properties, geometrical nonlinearities and fracture. An anisotropic element as well as variable stiffness and stress release methods have been used. An iteration method, using an incremental approach, has been applied for continuous penetration and modifications of material …

Innovative Industrial Arts Programs At The Junior High/Middle School And The Continuation Of Those Programs At The Senior High School Level In Iowa, James L. Thiesse

Dissertations and Theses @ UNI

The purpose of this study was to determine the percentage of junior high/middle schools in the State of Iowa using selected. newly developed industrial arts curriculums and to determine if the senior high schools serviced by them were continuing to expand upon that base of knowledge.

Objectives of the Study.

1. To determine the percentage of Iowa junior high/ middle schools using one or more of the selected newly developed industrial arts curriculums.

2. To determine the percentage of senior high schools in Iowa which were using or building upon one of the selected industrial arts curriculums.

3. To inquire …

A Computer Technique For Calculating The Radiological Consequences Of Pressurized Water Reactor Power Plant Hypothetical Accidents, Charles Francis Gill

Doctoral Dissertations

"A closed form analytical method of calculating the radiological consequences of ten pressurized water reactor (PWR) hypothetical accidents was developed. This methodology was used to develop a computer code, DOSES, to compute the gamma-whole body, beta-skin and iodine inhalation thyroid doses at the site boundary, at the low population zone outer boundary and for control room occupancy for the ten PWR hypothetical accidents. The computer code, DOSES, was developed to operate in the conversational remote terminal mode and to provide a mechanism for producing required information for chapter 15 of PWR nuclear power plant safety analysis reports.

The identification of …

Simulation Of Nonisothermal Absorber-Reactors For Multicomponent Systems, Robert E. Schwab

Doctoral Dissertations

"There are various models available for calculations involving one transferring component with chemical reaction for isothermal conditions using linear equilibrium data. However, the differential equations for multicomponent mass and energy transfer with chemical reaction have not been developed or implemented. This work demonstrates the development of a reliable model describing multicomponent mass and energy transfer in a continuous two-phase absorber-reactor for Non isothermal conditions and demonstrates the feasibility of solving the differential equations numerically. The numerical solution, using nonlinear equilibrium data, is used to obtain the absorber-reactor column specifications"-- Abstract, p. 2

Application Of Laser Holographic Interferometry To The Analysis Of Ground Movement Above Underground Openings, Duk-Won Park

Doctoral Dissertations

"A laser holographic interferometric technique has been recently developed and applied to research in several engineering fields. The technique has many possible applications in earth science and engineering. In this study it was shown that laser holographic ii interferometry can be used to study surface ground movements resulting from subsurface cavity collapse.

One of the most important advantages of the holographic interferometric technique is a rapid three-dimensional displacement measurement of a surface without contact or emplacement of instruments. The surface does not have to be flat or smooth allowing deflection contours to be generated on a granular surface. applied in …

Application Of Voltammetry To Copper Electrodeposition, Louis Francis Toth Jr.

Doctoral Dissertations

"A study was undertaken to determine the feasibility of using voltammetry and scanning electron microscopy techniques to characterize copper deposition from an acid-sulfate electrolyte. The main process variables investigated were temperature and addition agents (chloride ion, glue, separan or thiourea) at different concentrations, over a range of current densities. Cathodes employed were either polycrystalline titanium or copper. Some long-time copper deposits were also made using Ti cathodes and the orientations of these deposits were determined by x-ray diffraction.

Observations of copper crystals produced during voltammetry scans, on a Ti cathode, indicated that a characteristic morphology was associated with each type …

Development Of Helicopter Flight Path Models Utilizing Modern Control Techniques, Alfred Fermelia

Doctoral Dissertations

"The nonlinear set of equations which represents helicopter motion are linearized about a prescribed nominal state. Once the linearized system is obtained it is validated by comparing the output of the nonlinear system to that of its linearized counterpart. Having obtained a linear model, linear system theory may then be applied in order to investigate the stability and control characteristics of the aircraft.

General techniques for simulating helicopter pilot response for inclusion in a flight path simulation program have been devised. To provide the desired flight goal, a nominal flight trajectory is obtained from an existing nonlinear model. With this …

Optimizing Underground, Trackless Loading And Hauling Systems, Richard Lee Bullock

Doctoral Dissertations

"Determining the optimum system and equipment to be utilized in today's underground trackless haulage mine is a complex problem which was dealt with in this research by systems simulation. The computer program developed by the Caterpillar Tractor Company served as the starting point for simulating the equipment's capabilities to move material over a course in a prescribed time. Extensive time studies of the unsimulated events lead to structuring this program in the deterministic mode since it was felt to be more acceptable to the operating management which would eventually use the technique. Every phase of the simulation was successfully validated …

Excitation Of Source Electromagnetic Waves At Microwave Frequencies Using Optical Techniques, M. Davarpanah

Doctoral Dissertations

"The coupling efficiencies for the excitation of surface electromagnetic waves (SEW} for both the prism and the grating techniques have been studied experimentally in the microwave frequency range. The grating experiments included studies of the SEW coupling efficiencies as functions of the frequency, the angle of incidence, the grating constant, the number of grating bars, and the position of the grating bar at which the maximum radiation field of the antenna was aimed. For the prism coupling technique, the coupling efficiency was studied as functions of the angle of incidence, the aiming point of the transmitting antenna on the prism …

Influence Of Initial Turbulence Intensity On The Heat And Moisture Transfer Through A Recirculated Air Curtain, Nguyen Quang Van

Doctoral Dissertations

"An air curtain is a directed jet of air separating a controlled space from an environment of different temperature and humidity. This investigation describes the development and verification of an eddy viscosity model which accounts for the influence of the initial turbulence intensity on the transfer of heat and moisture across a recirculated air curtain. The control of the turbulence intensity at the nozzle exit of an air curtain permits control of heat and moisture transfer and therefore the energy required to operate the air curtain.

Both theoretical and experimental studies were made of the recirculated air curtain. An explicit …

Verifications Of The Kalman Conjecture For Irrational Transfer Functions, D. Ronald Fannin, Charles E. Connelly

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

The sufficient conditions for the Kalman conjecture to be satisfied given by Fannin and Rushing [1] are relaxed in such a way as to allow their approach to be applied to irrational transfer functions. Specific results for a class of systems containing transportation lag are presented. © 1975, IEEE. All rights reserved.

Design And Analysis Of An Instrument System For Rheological Testing Of Whole Blood Samples, Robert Rimvydas Sinusas

Dissertations

The dissertation covers the conceptual design of a rheometer for testing whole blood samples through to the clotting state. While the design aims at increased measurement accuracy, the design employs well known technologies and available components.

The main reason for preoccupation with blood testing is that recent investigations have indicated that physiological disorders can be correlated with rheological properties of blood. The pursuit of an improved means of correlation is initiated with a survey of the rheological properties of blood. The relevance of these blood properties is then discussed. From this discussion a broader blood model is developed as a …

Ua66/9/3 Meeting Minutes, Wku Society Of Manufacturing Engineers

Student Organizations

Society of Manufacturing Engineers Student Chapter No. 43 meeting minutes for Feb. 21, 1973 through Dec. 17, 1974.

Development And Preliminary Application Of Mathematical Models To The Weber Basin, W. J. Grenney, D. S. Bowles, M. D. Chambers, J. P. Riley

Reports

The adoption of stream standards, whether for direct application or for the establishment of realistic effluent standards, creates a need to predict the impact of pollution loads on river water quality during critical flow periods or as the result of future user demands. Because of the complexity of aquatic systems, mathematical models are an excellent medium for bringing together the state-of-the-art knowledge from a variety of disciplines into a form which can be readily applied to practical problems. Applying a mathematical model to a river system has the added advantage of providing a structure for the systematic consideration of the …

Multiple Uses Of Utah Irrigation Canals: Cache County As A Case Study, James J. Kennedy, Komain Unhanand

Reports

Irrigation use is an obvious benefit of Utah canals that has been recognized for over 100 years. This study attempts to illustrate other, less obvious, uses. the major use examined was recreational, but canals are presently functioning as storm drainage systems and have potential for diverting flood crests in many river systems.

Recreational use of canals falls into two categories. There is passive use such as its landscape values, affects on creating shade and bird-wildlife habitat, etc., that is difficult to quantify but no less important than active canal use such as tubing, hiking, bank-play, bicycling, etc. We selected several …

Optimal Highway Safety Improvement Investments By Dynamic Programming [Dec. 1974], Jerry G. Pigman, Kenneth R. Agent, Jesse G. Mayes, Charles V. Zegeer

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

The process of determining which projects to implement under a given budget, and which to defer until later, is central to the planning and management of highway systems. With a limited budget for construction, maintenance, and safety improvements, investments which will produce the optimal benefits must be chosen. This is often impossible to accomplish without the aid of a computer because of the complexity of the problem. Dynamic programming has been tested and verified as an efficient method for selecting priority projects to derive maximum benefits. The applicability of dynamic programming to the safety improvement program is demonstrated in this …

Fatigue Analysis From Strain Gage Data And Probability Analysis, Robert C. Deen, James H. Havens

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

The Central Bridge over the Ohio River between Newport, Kentucky, and Cincinnati, Ohio, was completed in 1891 and in 1972-73 was considered to be in danger of fatigue failure. A series of investigations were undertaken to determine the likelihood of failure and to estimate the time of probable failure. During the investigation, a methodology was developed to determine fatigue damage from a probability analysis of traffic data by reconstituting or synthesizing the load (traffic) history of bridges. Strain gage data obtained with Prewitt scratch gages and SR-4 resistivity gages were used to evaluate fatigue damage incurred by the Central Bridge.

Identification Of Hazardous Rural Highway Locations, John A. Deacon, Charles V. Zegeer, Robert C. Deen

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

An effective procedure was determined for identifying hazardous rural highway locations based on accident statistics. Multiple indicators of accident experience that are necessary include the number of fatal accidents, the total number of accidents, the number of effective-property-damage-only accidents, and the accident rate. Critical levels of these four indicators should vary from state to state depending on the nature of the local safety improvement program as well as local traffic and roadway conditions and prevailing attitudes toward highway safety. Specific recommendations are given for use in Kentucky. Critical accident rates are established using quality control procedures.

To identify hazardous highway …

Accidents On Rural Interstate And Parkway Roads And Their Relation To Pavement Friction, Rolands L. Rizenbergs, James L. Burchett, John A. Deacon, Cass T. Napier

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

Friction measurements were made with a skid trailer at 70 mph (31 m/s) on 770 miles (1240 km) of rural, four-lane, controlled-access routes on the interstate and parkway systems in Kentucky. Each construction project was treated as a test section. Accident experience, friction measurements, and traffic volumes were obtained for each. Various relationships between wet-weather accidents and skid resistance were analyzed. Averaging methods were used as a means of developing trends and minimizing scatter. A moving average for progressively-ordered sets of five test sections yielded more definite results. The expression of accident occurrence which correlated best with skid and slip …

Adaptation Of Aasho Interim Guide To Fundamental Concepts, Herbert F. Southgate, Robert C. Deen, James H. Havens

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

Using 1971 vehicle classification counts and truck weights from nine Kentucky locations, equivalent axleloads (EAL's) were calculated by several methods. Apparent discrepancies led to a review of axleload equivalency factors used to estimate either EWL's (equivalent wheel loads) or EAL's.

Axleload equivalencies are determined as the ratio of the number of repetitions of a standard or reference load to the number of equivalent (damage-wise) repetitions of the load in question. The choice of equivalency factors can result in as much as a 40-percent difference in calculated EAL's. Most of Kentucky's traffic is made up of axleloads less than 80 kilonewtons …

Evaluation And Modification Of The Traffic Noise Prediction Procedure For Kentucky Highways, Kenneth R. Agent, Charles V. Zegeer

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

Approximately 270 noise-level recordings were obtained at 39 highway sites and compared with the noise-level predictions obtained by the procedure outlined in NCHRP Report 117. The measured noise levels were computed in terms of the A-weighted L₁₀ value (level exceeded 10 percent of time) and then compared to the predicted noise levels. A significant discrepancy was found between predicted and measured noise levels; generally, the predicted values exceeded the measured values. Average error per location was 4.8 dBA; the maximum error was 13 dBA. A nomograph was devised to correct the predicted value; this nomograph involves observer-to-roadway distances, truck …

Highway Pavement Maintenance Costs And Pavement Type Selection, Donald C. Newberry Jr., Jesse G. Mayes, James H. Havens

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

A long-term analysis of pavement maintenance cost has been performed. The analysis does not include construction or resurfacing costs. The sample of pavement sections investigated were chosen to best represent the entire state. These sections were classified by pavement type; either bituminous concrete, portland cement concrete, or composite. The cost per lane mile (kilometer) per year was calculated for each pavement type by year and by age of pavement. Apparent differences in pavement maintenance costs between the two basic types of pavements were adjudged insignificant from the standpoint of determining pavement type. Because of poor or erroneous cost reporting, actual …

Relationships Between Roadway Geometrics And Accidents, Kenneth R. Agent, Robert C. Deen

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

Statewide average and critical rates of accidents were determined from 1970-1972 Kentucky accident records for each type of rural highway. Accident data, obtained from state police computer tapes, were summarized to give the number of accidents on each highway type as well as information on accident severity, road surface conditions, light conditions, road character, and type of traffic control. Four-lane undivided highways had the highest average accident rate; parkways (toll roads) had the lowest rate. The severity of accidents was related to types of accidents, highways, and traffic control and to safety belt usage. Accidents involving pedestrians were the most …

Rock Evaluation For Engineered Facilities, D. J. Hagerty, Robert C. Deen, M. W. Palmer, C. D. Tockstein

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

The need for comprehensive information on the characteristics and behavior of earth materials has been recognized for many years, perhaps for as long as significant construction has taken place in and on the surface of the earth. In recent years, however, the magnitude and complexity of engineered construction has greatly increased, resulting in a corresponding increase in the need for information on the engineering properties of soil and rock materials, Direct testing of soil and rock can be utilized to furnish necessary information. However, both field and laboratory testing can be extremely expensive, particularly where testing must include applications of …

Engineering A Primary Waste Treatment Plant, Edwin O. Onwawoma

Theses

This thesis deals with the design and construction of a primary waste treatment plant. The scope of work covered here, includes waste sampling and characterization, process design data gathering, process and mechanical design, cost estimate, and a general discussion of the construction and start-up.

In the development of this work, it is assumed that a decision has been made to build the waste treatment plant, using a known process. Therefore, economic evaluations designed to determine return on investment and selection of a process, will not be discussed. The impact the capital investment associated with the waste treatment facility has on …