Digital Commons Network^™

Video Compression Optimization Techniques Using Artificial Intelligence: Review/Review Article, Amal Abbas Kadhim, Wedad Abdul Khuder Naser, Nada Abdulkareem Hameed

Al-Esraa University College Journal for Engineering Sciences

Compressing video is an important and essential function in today's multimedia systems as it enables the efficient storage and transmission of large volumes of video data. The proliferation of high-resolution videos that are being used in various application areas such as video streaming, video conferencing, surveillance, and autonomous systems has caused the strong demand for more efficient compression algorithms. This paper presents an in-depth review of video compression techniques with particular focus on AI methods. It also discusses traditional video coding standards including H. 264/AVC, H. 265/HEVC, and AV1, including motion estimation, transform coding quantization entropy coding, and rate-distortion optimization. …

Experimental Analysis Of Thermal - Hydraulic Enhancement In A Shell-And-U-Tube Heat Exchanger Using Copper Foam Baffles, Rawaa Hussein Al-Meammar

Al-Esraa University College Journal for Engineering Sciences

Porous metal foams have emerged as a promising medium for thermal management due to their high surface area, low density, and excellent thermal conductivity. This study investigates the effect of copper porous foam baffles with different pore densities (5 and 10 PPI) on the thermal and hydraulic performance of a shell-and-U-tube water–water heat exchanger. An experimental setup was developed to evaluate the Nusselt number, heat transfer coefficient, pressure drop, and friction factor over a range of Reynolds numbers across the annular side. The results revealed that incorporating porous metal foam significantly enhanced heat transfer compared with the smooth-tube configuration. At …

Ai-Enhanced Heat Transfer Optimization In Magnetic Bio-Nanofluids, Hasan Attyah Shaboot

Al-Esraa University College Journal for Engineering Sciences

This study presents a hybrid Artificial Intelligence–Computational Fluid Dynamics (AI-CFD) framework for optimizing heat transfer in magnetic bio-nanofluids subjected to external magnetic fields. Magnetic bio-nanofluids, composed of biocompatible base fluids containing superparamagnetic nanoparticles, exhibit tunable thermal and flow behavior, making them promising for biomedical and micro-cooling applications. Conventional optimization methods based on experiments or brute-force CFD are computationally expensive and limited in exploring the full design space. To overcome these challenges, an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) surrogate model was developed to predict two key performance indicators, the Nusselt number and the friction factor, with high accuracy (R² > 0.997). The …

Comparative Adsorptive Performance Of Clinoptilolite, Purolite, And Mesoporous Carbon (Cmk-3) For Heavy Metals And Hydrocarbons Removal From Real Petrochemical Effluent, Eynas Muhamad Majeed, Nuha Muhsen Ali

Al-Esraa University College Journal for Engineering Sciences

Petrochemical activities result in the generation of effluent that contain highly toxic heavy metals and oil products, which are very hazardous to the environment. The research tries to examine the adsorption capacity of three materials synthetic clinoptilolite, synthetic Purolite, and synthesized mesoporous carbon (CMK-3) in the removal of Ni²⁺, Cd²⁺, Pb²⁺, benzene, and toluene present in real refinery effluent obtained at Al-Dora Refinery in Iraq (Baghdad). The experiments were carried by batch adsorption that investigated the equilibrium behavior, kinetic performance, and the influence of ionic strength and organic co-contaminants. The heavy metal adsorption was …

Interaction Design In Museum Architecture: A Contemporary Developmental Vision For The Iraqi Museum, Afaf Abdel Sahib Mohammed, Enas Salim Abdulahaad

Al-Esraa University College Journal for Engineering Sciences

The Iraqi Museum's remaining architectural form and traditional display techniques do not allow for enough interaction between visitors and the items, despite the museum's great heritage and cultural value. This between visitors and the exhibits. Additionally, the museum does not include interactive technologies and contemporary architecture, which are now essential components of modern museums around the world.This invites the question of how to optimize the Iraqi Museum's visitor experience by applying the principles of interaction design in museum architecture within a contemporary developmental vision. In order to revive the architectural spaces within the Iraqi Museum, the research aims to generate …

Mathematical Modeling And Image Processing Algorithms In Artificial Intelligence-Based Technical Vision Systems, Erkin Uljaev, Ulmasjon Ulfat Ogli Abdixalilov

Chemical Technology, Control and Management

This paper presents a comprehensive study on the development of a mathematical model and image processing algorithms for artificial intelligence-based technical vision systems. The research focuses on analyzing the structural organization and functional components of the system, including image acquisition devices, illumination subsystems, and data processing modules that ensure stable and accurate operation. A systematic and integrated approach is applied to model the transformation of object parameters and to enhance the accuracy, robustness, and reliability of object detection processes. Particular attention is given to image preprocessing, segmentation techniques, and contour detection algorithms, as these stages play a crucial role in …

Coupled Multiphysics Transport-Reaction Modeling Framework For Combustion Synthesis Of Cement Phases: Insights Into Β-C2s Formation And Wavefront Dynamics, Sayee Srikarah Volaity, Shubham Agrawal, Aditya Kumar, Narayanan Neithalath

Materials Science and Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Biofuel-based combustion synthesis (BCS) processes offer low-temperature, low-carbon routes to lime and clinker production. However, they involve tightly coupled interactions between heat transfer, gas flow, and sequential solid-state reactions within reactive pellets. Experiments typically provide surface temperature evolution and final phase assemblages but give limited insight into the conversion process and the interaction between composition and process conditions. A coupled transport-reaction framework is developed here to resolve this limitation─the synthesis of β-C2S (belite), a major cementing phase, serving as an example. Transient conservation equations for energy, momentum, and species are solved for a porous pellet exchanging heat and mass with …

Physicochemical Properties And Chemical Compositions Of Cashew Nut Shell Liquid Extracted With Carbon Dioxide–Expanded Hexane, Neema Msuya, Joseph Yn Philip, Frank Jacob, Kando K. Janga

Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)

Cashew nut shell liquid (CNSL) is a mixture of phenolic compounds that can effectively replace commercially available phenols in various applications. This study investigated the physicochemical properties and chemical composition of CNSL extracted using CO₂–expanded hexane (CXH) and compared to the traditional Soxhlet extraction method. Steamed cashew nut shells (sCNS) were used in both cases.  The CXH was carried under varying CO₂-mole fractions (0.468-0.892) and temperatures (20-36 °C) whereas Soxhlet extraction was performed at atmospheric pressure and hexane boiling point. Response Surface Methodology (RSM) with Central Composite Face-Centred Design (CCFD) was employed to evaluate the effect …

Hybrid Solar - Coal Thermal Energy System For Industrial Process Heat At Sayona Drinks Limited In Tanzania, Santos Kihwele, Elisha D. Bitesigirwe

Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)

Over the past two decades, global efforts to mitigate pollution from conventional energy sources have intensified, with coal remaining a major contributor to carbon emissions. While fossil fuels cannot be eliminated from thermal generation in manufacturing industries, particularly in middle‑income countries such as Tanzania, they continue to dominate as the primary energy source. Industries including food and beverage, paper, textile, paints, chemicals, and pharmaceuticals require substantial thermal energy for heating and drying, and typically rely on coal and natural gas.This study introduces a unique application of a parabolic trough solar thermal system with integrated thermal energy storage, specifically tailored to …

Experimental And Simulation Study On Energy Release Of Extended Sources Influenced By Atmospheric Pressure Variation, Kai Guo, Feiyu Zhao, Hao Zhang, Liang Wang, Kai Zhang

Journal of System Simulation

To investigate the energy release characteristics of extended sources in low-pressure environments, a combined experiment and simulation approach was adopted. Four typical altitudecorresponding pressures were selected as experimental conditions. An infrared thermal imager was employed to monitor parameters such as combustion temperature, radiance, and combustion area during the combustion process of the extended source. When the pressure decreases from 101 kPa to 30 kPa, the ignition time of the extended source doubles; the total energy release attenuates by 44.78%, and the combustion area reduces by 45.95%, but the fluctuations of peak temperature and average temperature are less than 3%, …

Friction Stir Processing Of Cobalt-Chromium-Molybdenum For Improvements In Biomedical Applications, Kaleb Kiyoshi Bates

Theses and Dissertations

Friction Stir Processing (FSP) has been investigated as a means of microstructural modification aimed at improving mechanical properties such as corrosion resistance and wear resistance of biomedical-grade cobalt-chromium-molybdenum (CoCrMo) alloy. FSP was successfully completed on high-carbon ASTM F1537 CoCrMo plates with operating temperatures ranging from 630°C to 850°C by adjusting spindle speed, traverse speed, and forge force. Hardness, wear resistance, and corrosion resistance testing were performed, along with Electron Backscatter Diffraction (EBSD) to analyze grain refinement and phase structure. FSP produced grain refinement up to 97% relative to the untreated baseline across the investigated temperature range, with lower processing temperatures …

Effect Of Heat Treatments On The Corrosion Resistance Of A Trip Steel And Its Evaluation By Non-Destructive Testing, Karla Ivette Vega-Nava, Ariosto Medina-Flores, Marco Antonio Espinosa-Medina, José Sergio Pacheco-Cedeño, Héctor Guillermo Carreón-Garcidueñas, Francisco Fernando Curiel-López, Jose Jaime Taha-Tijerina

Mechanical Engineering Faculty Publications

The development of advanced high-strength steels (AHSS) for the automotive industry requires optimizing the balance between mechanical properties and durability in aggressive environments. This study investigates the effects of two heat treatment routes on the microstructure and corrosion resistance of a transformation-induced plasticity (TRIP) steel (Fe-0.2C-1.75Mn-0.5Si-1Al). Route A includes a full austenitizing step at 1000 °C prior to intercritical annealing, whereas Route B omits this step and begins directly with intercritical annealing at 800 °C. Microstructural characterization (SEM/XRD), electrochemical assays, and eddy current tests were employed. The results revealed that Route A yields a homogeneous microstructure with 12.7% retained austenite, …

Efficient, Secure Learning And Resource Management For Wireless Networks, Jiahao Xue

USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations

The rapid advancement of wireless networks has enabled a wide range of applications such as federated learning (FL) and Internet of Things, with supporting technologies like radio frequency identification (RFID). However, resource management and security challenges in wireless networks remain insufficiently addressed for these representative applications. In this dissertation, we first investigate wireless resource management for FL, then study novel attack and defense mechanisms for RFID systems. Finally, we analyze the performance and security of artificial intelligence (AI)-enabled next generation wireless networks.

First, we investigate the client assignment and bandwidth allocation problem for FL in a multi-provider wireless setting. Unlike …

Building Trustworthy Information Systems: A Unified Framework For Comparative Risk Detection, Parisa Momeni

USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Risk detection in large scale information systems increasingly depends on heterogeneous data generatedby both centralized and distributed ecosystems. While centralized systems provide curated and validated reports, distributed environments produce large-scale and real-time observational evidence. Existing computational approaches analyze these ecosystems in isolation, limiting systematic comparison of risk repre-sentations across heterogeneous sources.

This dissertation presents a unified computational framework for comparative risk detection across centralized and distributed information systems. The framework provides a domain independent methodology for transforming heterogeneous risk reporting data into comparable multidimensional representations. To enable interpretable comparison of heterogeneous risk distributions, this work introduces the Geometric Overlap Score …

Mae Enewsbrief January-March 2026, Department Of Mechanical And Aerospace Engineering, Michigan Technological University

Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering eNewsBrief

No abstract provided.

Printing Press Renewal, Ashley Mcguire, Margaret Wood Balch, Anna Kaetz, Timothy M. Wick

Libraries Professional Work

The University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB) Libraries are home to a Chandler & Price printing press, originally built in 1885. Unfortunately, this press was not whole or fully operational when it was acquired by the UAB Libraries in the 1970s. Among its defects, the press lacked the treadle, Pittman arm, and crankshaft to power the press, a functioning rotating ink plate, a chase for holding the type in place, and the pin that keeps the large wheel turning in time with the gears that lead the machine to function. Members from the UAB Libraries Historical Collections and Reference and …

Strengthening The Properties Of Clay Soil With Crushed Oysters, Hadeel Ammar Mohammed, Najwa Wasif Jassim, Hanan Adnan Hassan Afaj, Mohammed Yousif Fattah, Noor S. Al-Hassnawi

HBRC Journal

When problematic clayey soils are used for engineering purposes without treatment, they can lead to structural cracks in roads, buildings, and underground infrastructure. The use of oyster shell powder in geotechnical applications has been the subject of little research, which is why this study looked into it. Examining the stabilization of different percentages (6, 9, 12, 15, 18, and 21 percent) of oyster shell (OS) treatment of clayey soil is the aim of this study. Compaction, strength, CBR, and Atterberg tests are among the experiments used in this study. The study's importance lies in turning oyster shell waste into a …

Temperature-Dependent Electrocatalytic Activity Of Mxene For Hydrogen Evolution Reaction., Javlonbek I. Mamanazirov, Shavkat I. Mamatkulov

CHEMISTRY AND CHEMICAL ENGINEERING

This study represents the synthesis technology of MXene catalyst for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and investigates the temperature-dependent electrocatalytic activity of MXene-based catalysts in alkaline media. Using a three-electrode configuration in 1M KOH, the electrochemical performance was systematically evaluated across a temperature range of 25 °C to 40 °C. Linear sweep voltammetry (LSV) results demonstrate a significant enhancement in catalytic efficiency at elevated temperatures, evidenced by a consistent shift in polarization curves toward lower potentials. Specifically, the overpotential required to achieve a current density of 10 mA/cmІ decreased from 257 mV at 25 °C to 203 mV at 40°C, marking …

Exploring Gene Regulatory Neural Network Biocomputing Of Bacteria, Adrian Merle Ratwatte

Dissertations and Doctoral Documents, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, 2023–

Artificial Intelligence (AI) has evolved from brain-inspired algorithms into a discipline that increasingly integrates with biological systems. While silicon-based platforms have advanced machine learning, they remain limited in energy efficiency and operation in environments beyond silicon. This motivates biological computing as an alternative, enabling efficient, resource-aware, and reconfigurable computing within living systems. This dissertation addresses these limitations by introducing a bacterial computing framework that models Gene Regulatory Networks (GRNs) as Gene Regulatory Neural Networks (GRNNs). The GRNN mirrors the structure and function of Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) through gene-gene interactions across trans-omic layers, enabling natural, self-regulating information processing within living …

Improved Method Of Evaluating Gas-Phase Air Cleaners Considering Adsorption And Desorption Mechanisms To And From Internal Test Chamber Surfaces, Casey Douglas Coffland

Dissertations and Theses

Portable air cleaners are playing an increasingly important role in managing indoor air quality in response to pressing issues like wildfire smoke events. Smoke is a complex mixture of gases and particulate matter; while established test methods exist for particulate matter, the dynamic behavior of gaseous pollutants is not well accounted for in current test methods. This is because prevailing air cleaner testing methods typically treat background losses as irreversible, whereas gases can engage in partitioning to and from test chamber surfaces. Ignoring these sorption interactions causes inaccurate estimation of an air cleaner's impact.

A new approach has been developed …

Toward A Metric For Disciplinary Learning In The Age Of Ai: The Unblooms™ Metacognitive Awareness Scale And Discernment Rate In Ai-Mediated Learning, Tina R. Austin

International Journal of Emerging and Disruptive Innovation in Education : VISIONARIUM

Telling students to “reflect on their own thinking” has become insufficient in AI-mediated learning environments. When students are rewarded for polished outputs, cognitive offloading to AI tools becomes rational, and traditional snapshot assessments (single-moment evaluations of task completion) produce false signals about whether durable learning has occurred. This problem is sharpened by the broader shift in AI learning tools toward Socratic tutors, study modes, Khan Academy's Khanmigo, and agentic systems that can shape the learner’s process over time. Lodge and Loble (2026) distinguish beneficial cognitive offloading, which frees working memory for intrinsic learning, from detrimental outsourcing, which bypasses the cognitive …

Metacognition As Disciplinary Infrastructure In Ai-Mediated Learning, Tina R. Austin, Jason Gulya, Nick Potkalitsky

International Journal of Emerging and Disruptive Innovation in Education : VISIONARIUM

Metacognition is often presented as a response to generative AI’s disruption of teaching and learning, yet the term has become too generalized to guide practice. In AI-mediated environments, asking students merely to “reflect on your thinking” is insufficient. Because AI tools can redistribute cognitive labor, their educational value depends on how students use them and whether that use supports disciplinary forms of reasoning. This essay argues that metacognition must be understood as disciplinary infrastructure: students cannot effectively monitor their thinking without understanding the epistemological and ontological demands of the field in which they are working. Classrooms therefore become sites where …

Law Or Flaw: A Double – Blind Study Comparing Student Comprehension Of Real And Ai Generated Legal Case Briefs, Grant Shostak, Nick Wintz, Melissa A. Petkovsek

International Journal of Emerging and Disruptive Innovation in Education : VISIONARIUM

In recent years, the U.S. legal system has seen an increase of legal filings using fictitious court cases or legal propositions generated by artificial intelligence (AI) (Stokel-Walker, 2026). Rules of professional responsibility require that lawyers review filings in which AI was used to ensure their accuracy (Missouri Bar, Office of Legal Ethics Counsel, 2024, Opinion No. 2024‑11) Despite this mandate, filings with fictitious cases and incorrect statements of law are being filed. Besides posing a threat to the parties to an action, such filings may set an unwarranted precedent for future cases. They also tie up court resources searching for …

Toward Passwordless Document Encryption, Isaac Henry Teuscher

Theses and Dissertations

Document files with sensitive information are used across nearly every industry. In recent years, cyberattacks targeting cloud-based file transfer applications have resulted in millions of sensitive documents being exposed. Although document encryption methods exist, they are often limited in usability, security, or deployability. Password-based encryption, the most widely available option, remains vulnerable to brute-force attacks, unauthorized sharing, and human error. We address these gaps in three phases. First, we present a structured comparative framework adapted from the usability-deployability-security model to evaluate nine document encryption methods across 15 design properties, identifying the benefits and limitations of current approaches. Second, we design …

Calibration And Validation Of An Ogden Material Model For Thermoplastic Polyurethane In 3d-Printed Tensegrity Structures, Caleb C. Swain

Theses and Dissertations

This work is motivated by ongoing efforts within the Smart Materials, Adaptronics, and Shock Laboratory (SMASH Lab) at Brigham Young University (BYU) to develop variable-stiffness, external fixators using 3D-printed tensegrity structures. In the process of designing and evaluating these systems, the need arose to accurately model the nonlinear mechanical behavior of thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU), the primary material used in prototype fabrication. This thesis investigates how accurately a calibrated Ogden material model can predict the nonlinear mechanical response of TPU in 3D-printed tensegrity structures. Experimental data were used to calibrate the parameters of the hyperelastic constitutive model through nonlinear optimization. An …

Engineering 3d Optical Interconnects And Low-Power Radio Frequency Gaze Tracking, Blake P. Crosby

Theses and Dissertations

This thesis presents two independent research works in optical in- terconnects and radio-frequency (RF)-based gaze tracking. The first work demonstrates a silicon optical waveguide fabricated from four through-silicon vias (TSVs) produced using two-photon-absorption- assisted photo-electrochemical etching. Unlike conventional TSV fabrica- tion methods, this approach enables highly localized, non-line-of-sight etching in silicon using a focused femtosecond laser. Four approximately 5 μm diameter TSVs were etched through a 200 μm silicon wafer in a 7 μm by 7 μm pattern, leaving a central silicon region that functions as a waveguide. The fabricated structure achieved an aspect ratio of approxi- mately 40:1 with …

Hierarchical Parcel Swapping: A Novel Model In Turbulence, Masoomeh Behrang

Theses and Dissertations

Turbulent mixing plays a central role in a wide range of engineering and natural systems, particularly in reactive flows where turbulence--chemistry interactions strongly influence reaction rates, flame structure, and emissions. Accurately modeling these interactions remains a major challenge due to the multiscale and stochastic nature of turbulence, as well as the nonlinear coupling between transport and chemical kinetics. This dissertation develops and evaluates the Hierarchical Parcel Swapping (HiPS) model, a fully stochastic framework designed to represent turbulence-driven transport and scalar mixing without relying on traditional gradient-based closures. HiPS is investigated both as a standalone turbulence model and as a subgrid …

Analysis On Thermo-Viscous Steady Fluid Motion Over An Impermeable Infinitely Stretched Horizontal Moving Rectangular Surface, P. Krishna, N. Pothanna, K. Spandana

Mansoura Engineering Journal

This study presents analysis on thermo-viscous steady fluid motion over an impermeable infinitely stretched horizontal moving rectangular surface. The numerical results have been found employing R-K method of order 6 shooting techniques developed in Mathematica software ND solve for the flow adaptable equations comprising temperature and velocity. The flow behavior and the impacts of material constraints on the flow region have been analyzed and deliberated taking the help from the generated graphs. The variations of these flow fields have been studied for wide spectrum of physical characteristics which influences the nature of thermo-viscous fluid. The impact of viscosity, constant pressure …

A Portable Device To Elicit Sensory Trick And Monitor Forearm Muscle Activity In Pianists With Musician’S Dystonia, Josef Franczak

USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Musician’s Dystonia (MD) is a condition that can be acquired in professional musicians,causing involuntary contractions and the loss of fine motor control. The most common pharmaceutical treatment, botulinum toxin injections, has been shown to have side effects of muscle weakness and atrophy. The sensory trick, shown to temporarily relieve symptoms of dystonia, has potential to be used as an alternative or alongside current therapies, allowing patients with MD to return to playing music professionally. To systematically deploy the sensory trick and monitor forearm muscle activity, the first prototype of the Wearable Sensorimotor Integrator (wSMI) has been developed.

The wSMI is …

Finite Element Modelling On A Non-Linear Radiative Hybrid Nanofluid Flowing Through A Rotating Disk, N. Janaki Phani Madhuri, Md. Shamshuddin

Mansoura Engineering Journal

This study develops a finite element model to investigate the MHD flow and heat transfer phenomena of Cu–H₂O and Cu–Fe₃O₄–H₂O hybrid nanofluids flow across a spinning disk modelling by the Tiwari–Das model. The governing non-dimensional momentum and energy equations account for the effects of buoyancy, nonlinear radiation, and ohmic heating. The nonlinear coupled system is solved with the element method (FEM) to find the velocity and temperature fields. Parametric studies will investigate the effects of the magnetic field, buoyancy, volume fraction of nanoparticles, and radiation. Skin friction and Nusselt number are also reported. The results show that with the hybrid …