Digital Commons Network^™

An Interval-Valued Spherical Fuzzy Critic–Waspas Framework For Prioritizing Healthcare Delivery Models To Enhance Patient Satisfaction Under Uncertainty, Mariam Hamada, Ahmed Samy, Mohamed M. Abdelhafeez, Shrouk El-Amir

Neutrosophic Systems with Applications

Selecting an appropriate healthcare delivery model is important for improving the quality of healthcare services and enhancing patient satisfaction. However, this decision is complex because it involves several criteria, uncertainty, and different expert opinions. To handle this uncertainty, this paper uses Interval-Valued Spherical Fuzzy Sets (IVSFSs), which allow experts to express their evaluations more flexibly. This paper proposes an integrated interval-valued spherical fuzzy CRITIC-WASPAS approach to prioritize healthcare delivery models. The CRITIC method is used to determine the objective weights of the evaluation criteria, while the WASPAS method is used to rank the healthcare delivery models. Expert evaluations are expressed …

20 Years Of Neutrosophic Statistics: A Bibliometric Analysis, Hammad Khalid, Arshad Hameed

Neutrosophic Systems with Applications

Florentin Smarandache introduced neutrosophic statistics (NS), a formalism for representing uncertainty and indeterminacy in observations, parameters and statistics in an extension to classical and interval statistics. Although widespread in various contexts, such as statistical quality control, hypothesis testing, medical diagnosis, and decision science, and increasingly used and developed, the scientific evolution and conceptual framework of the science of decision making remain largely unexamined. To fill this gap, the present study has been conducted with a comprehensive bibliometric analysis of NS research articles published between 2003 to 2025 from Scopus which has been conducted following the SPAR-4-SLR protocol. In all, 501 …

A Unified Framework For Neutrosophic Estimation Using Fractional Power, Exponential, And Logarithmic Functions With Bivariate Auxiliary Information, Anchal Yadav, Anuj Yadav

Neutrosophic Systems with Applications

This study develops a generalized neutrosophic ratio-type estimator for estimating the population mean by incorporating information from two auxiliary variables under Simple Random Sampling Without Replacement (SRSWOR). The proposed methodology extends the conventional single-auxiliary-variable approach by jointly incorporating bivariate auxiliary information within the neutrosophic framework, thereby accounting for uncertainty, indeterminacy, and inconsistency in the available information. The bias and mean squared error of the proposed estimator are derived using first-order approximations, and the corresponding efficiency conditions are established through theoretical comparisons with existing neutrosophic estimators. The performance of the proposed estimator is further examined using a real medical dataset represented …

Monitoring System In The Georeactor Area During The Underground Coal Gasification Process, Aleksandra Tokarz, Jacek Grabowski, Krzysztof Korczak

Journal of Sustainable Mining

Safety control of the underground coal gasification (UCG) process involves ensuring that the process runs smoothly, monitoring changes occurring on the surface and in the rock mass, and counteracting the negative environmental impact of the process. The article presents the application of a monitoring system implemented in Poland, both in pilot tests conducted in shallow coal seams at the Barbara Experimental Mine and in deep coal seams at the Wieczorek mine, where a full-scale gasification process was tested. The analysis of the monitoring results carried out during the gasification experiment in an operating mine allowed for the identification of key …

Studying Electromagnetic Wave Scattering From Small Dielectric Particles Using Neural Networks, Bryan Taylan, Patrick Corzo, Chris Velissaris, Theodoros Panagiotakopoulos

Undergraduate Scholarship and Creative Works

Physics-informed neural networks solve the Helmholtz equation without labeled data, but a low residual alone does not confirm that a solution preserves the physical distinction a downstream task depends on. We trained a four-layer SIREN with physics-based residuals, a Sommerfeld condition, Adam, and L-BFGS, modeling a Gaussian source and a plane wave scattering from a small dielectric inclusion. Fine-tuning from four base models produced 600 complex fields spanning omega = 4 to 20. A compact CNN, three ResNet-18 variants, and a frozen OpenCLIP encoder classified these fields under five random seeds. The CNN achieved (95.65 +/- 0.77)% accuracy, outperforming OpenCLIP …

Harmonicthreads: A Formative Evaluation Of A Fabric-Based Digital Musical Instrument Toward Inclusive Music-Making, Ellie Nguyen, Franceli L. Cibrian

Engineering Faculty Articles and Research

Background:

Inclusive music-making requires instruments that support varied bodies, abilities, musical backgrounds, and forms of participation. Digital musical instruments provide diverse approaches to sound creation, and fabric-based interfaces offer an alternative interaction modality that may support participation for some users and contexts. Their tactile and deformable properties enable forms of interaction that differ from conventional rigid or screen-based controllers and may offer inclusive possibilities in particular settings.

Objective:

This paper presents HarmonicThreads as a formative interaction-design case of a fabric-based digital musical instrument. The prototype explores how tactile cues, fabric deformation, projected visual feedback, and assisted accompaniment can support low-barrier …

Artificial Intelligence In Food Engineering For Food Safety, Quality Assurance, And Human Health, Ayad Abbood Abdulhasan, A. M. Mustafa, F. F. Sayyid, Marwan B. Hussein, Mohanad Muzahem Khalaf

AUIQ Technical Engineering Science

Artificial intelligence (AI) is increasingly reshaping food engineering by providing data-driven tools for safeguarding food safety, ensuring quality assurance, and improving human health outcomes. This review synthesizes current evidence on the application of machine learning, deep learning, computer vision, and the Internet of Things (IoT) across the food production continuum, from raw material inspection to consumer-facing nutrition guidance. We examine how convolutional neural networks, hyperspectral imaging, and sensor-fusion approaches enable rapid, non-destructive detection of contaminants and pathogens, and how predictive models support shelf-life estimation and quality grading. We further discuss AI-enabled traceability systems, including blockchain-integrated supply chains, and the growing …

Edge Computing-Enabled Secure Federated Learning For Anomaly Detection In Industrial Iot Sensor Streams, Wijdan Noaman Marzoog Al Mukhtar

AUIQ Technical Engineering Science

The rise of the Industrial IoT (IIoT) will result in a surge of IIoT devices with high-velocity data streams requiring rapid, real-time analysis of these data streams to power predictive maintenance and assure cybersecurity. Centralized cloud-based approaches to anomaly detection are hindered by their inherent latency and privacy issues while independent or stand-alone approaches to edge-based anomaly detection do not have enough data to effectively detect anomalies. This paper presents a federated learning framework to collaboratively develop an anomaly detection model from multiple edge nodes, without sharing the raw sensor data, so that data sovereignty is preserved. Two major contributions …

Microwave Thermal Pre-Treatment To Improve Nickel Extraction From Lateritic Ore, Johana Borda, Daniel Sosa, Robinson Torres

Journal of Sustainable Mining

Two heat treatment processes for a nickeliferous laterite sample are presented, one by the conventional muffle route and the other by microwave. The heating was carried out in order to improve the dissolution of nickel in an acid medium. The study describes the changes observed in the mineral for the increase in temperature as a consequence of radiation in the microwave and in the muffle. The changes in the mineral crystalline phases were analyzed by X-ray diffraction. The leaching media consisted of a 1 M sulfuric acid solution at ambient conditions for 7 h. The interaction between the reagent and …

Ecofriendly Synthesis Of Silver Nanoparticles As Antimicrobial Active Agents From Its Cationic Precursors, Abdul Haris Watoni Watoni

Chimica et Natura Acta

This review presents a comprehensive survey on the green synthesis of silver nanoparticles from silver nitrate precursor using plant extracts along with their characterization and antimicrobial activity assessment. The synthesis of silver nanoparticles through a green chemistry approach is increasingly in demand because it is environmentally friendly, easy to do, and efficient, especially for the purpose of antimicrobial active ingredients in disinfectant and antiseptic formulas. Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles can be carried out using silver nitrate as a silver precursor and plant extracts as a source of bioreductants and capping agents. The synthesis products are then characterized using UV-Vis …

Hydration-Tunable Ionic Liquid-In-Oil Microemulsions For Increased Transdermal Delivery Of High-Molecular-Weight Proteins, Roy Jabidash, Kiyohiro Toyofuku, Rie Wakabayashi, Yoshirou Kawaguchi, Noriho Jeffrey Kamiya, Muhammad Moniruzzaman, Masahiro Goto

Publications and Research

Transdermal delivery of high-molecular-weight proteins is challenging because of their large molecular size and hydrophilicity, and the barrier properties of the stratum corneum. We report a hydrated ionic liquid-in-oil (HIL/O) microemulsion for transdermal delivery of high-molecular-weight proteins. A biocompatible ionic liquid (IL) composed of cholinium cation and propionate anion, optimized at 45 wt% hydration, was developed as a protein-compatible solubilization medium that dissolved ovalbumin (molecular mass ∼ 45 kDa) and bovine serum albumin (molecular mass ∼ 66 kDa), whereas lower hydration levels were insufficient for effective protein dissolution. Following solubilization, circular dichroism spectroscopy showed recovery of the native-like secondary structures …

Notes For The Contributors, Space & Defense

Space and Defense

No abstract provided.

Death Of Battlefield Hide-And-Seek, Lily Cheatham

Space and Defense

For the past twenty years, the stealth regime defined military thinking, prioritizing technologies and tactics designed to evade enemy defense systems. Ensuring radar invisibility and maintaining information dominance have been the keys to survival and strategic advantage. On June 21-22, 2025, the United States conducted "Operation Midnight Hammer" against Iranian nuclear facilities at Fordow, Natanz, and Isfahan. The principal strike package included seven B-2 Spirit stealth bombers, whose crews flew approximately 18 hours to reach the target area and roughly 36 hours and 13,000 miles round trip. The B-2s dropped 14 GBU-57 Massive Ordnance Penetrators on Fordow and Natanz, marking …

Autonomous Navigation In Cislunar Satellites, Heith Johnson

Space and Defense

Cislunar space—the region between Earth’s geosynchronous orbit (about 36,000 kilometers from Earth) and the Moon (roughly 384,000 kilometers away)—is becoming a critical frontier for future space exploration and commercialization.1 This zone includes the Moon’s orbit, transfer orbits, and the Earth-Moon Lagrange points. Additionally, as more nations and corporations launch lunar missions and establish long-term infrastructure, cislunar space is increasingly becoming a strategic focus for exploration, logistics, and transportation.

Planetary Defense As The Ethico-Legal Gateway For International Space Security, Evie Kendal

Space and Defense

Following the news in late 2024 that there was a city-killer asteroid on a possible collision course with Earth, many members of the public were shocked to learn there was no reliable global plan for managing such asteroidal and cometary impact hazards. While calculations of Asteroid 2024 YR4’s trajectory were further refined to exclude the previously reported 2-3% chance of collision in 2032, this event highlighted a major security threat: the lack of a globally coordinated, appropriately resourced, and politically supported planetary defense strategy (Gibney, 2025). In so doing, it also provided an opportunity for security experts to consider the …

Key Strategies Enabling The Contribution Of Social Infrastructure In Climate-Proofing Cities: An Explorative Case Study Of Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Sara Elgamal, Alaa El.Eashy, Sherif Sheta

HBRC Journal

Social infrastructure, as the physical medium for social life in cities, is increasingly being acknowledged for its ability to offer climate-proofing benefits both in times of climate stability and climate disturbances. However, more evidence is needed on how social infrastructure can be deliberately shaped to contribute to climate-proofing cities. Our study addresses this gap through exploring the key strategies which ensure the effective engagement of social infrastructure (SI) in climate proofing cities (CPC). An explorative case study of Rotterdam city is performed, as the city is well recognized as a pioneer in climate resilience through spatial planning. Data sources for …

Radiological Safety Assessment Of Gamma Spectroscopy Based Spent Fuel Burnup Analysis At The Itu Triga Mark Ii Reactor, T. Akyurek, Z. Boduroglu, A. Kaya, O. Erbay, I. A. Reyhancan, M. S. Kiziltas, S. Ozcan

Nuclear Engineering and Radiation Science Faculty Research & Creative Works

This study investigates radiological safety and photon attenuation behavior during spent fuel inspection and burnup analysis at the ITU TRIGA Mark II Research Reactor. A lead-shielded fuel inspection system equipped with an HPGe detector was used to perform remote gamma spectroscopy on spent fuel elements, ensuring operator safety. Dose rate measurements were taken using a handheld radiation monitor at both the surface and at a distance of 1 m from the inspection system for each fuel element. The highest contact dose rate was observed for the B4 element (6.68 ± 0.60 μSv/h), while the lowest was for F30 (2.4 ± …

Recent Advances In Thermal Performance Improvement Of Parabolic Trough Solar Collectors Using Magnetic Nanofluids And Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Fluid, Taha Baig, Syeda Laraib Tariq, Furqan Jamil, Qamar Abbas, Hassan Bin Shahid, Hafiz Muhammad Ali

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Among various available types of sustainable energy sources, the role of solar energy is vital due to its safety and low cost. Multiple rigs have been designed to use solar energy to generate steam, where the parabolic trough solar collector (PTSC) is a prominent example. Numerous numerical and experimental studies have been conducted to date to improve the thermal effectiveness of PTSCs. These studies include using hybrid nanofluids, insert types, magnetic nanofluids and supercritical carbon dioxide. The current paper provides a review of these studies, including an in-depth discussion section, an account of remaining challenges, and suggestions for future directions. …

Physical And Rheological Properties Of Bitumen Modified With Biochar, Nuha S. Mashaan, Suneth Sirinatha, Chathurika Dassanayake

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

The integration of biochar into asphalt binders represents a significant advancement toward global sustainability in pavement engineering. Produced through biomass pyrolysis, biochar enables the valorization of agricultural and industrial waste while reducing dependence on petroleum-derived binder constituents. This review critically synthesizes current research regarding the impact of biochar on the physical, rheological, and aging performance of bitumen. The evidence consistently shows that biochar improves binder stiffness, raises softening points, and strengthens rutting resistance at elevated temperatures, largely due to its porous microstructure and high carbon content. Biochar-modified binders also exhibit enhanced aging resistance through the adsorption of volatile light fractions. …

Spatiotemporal Assessment Of Water Quality Around Western Australian Central Business District Using Satellite Multispectral Imaging, Muhammad Hassnain, Cameron Veal, Muhammad Rizwan Azhar

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Monitoring urban surface waters requires methods that preserve spatial detail while capturing seasonal and interannual variability. Multispectral satellite remote sensing provides a scalable complement to conventional field and laboratory monitoring across rivers, wetlands, lakes and coastal receiving waters. This study used Sentinel-2 Level-2A imagery processed through the Pixxel Aurora workflow to map a model-based water quality index (WQI) for the Swan-Canning River system, adjacent urban lakes and nearby coastal waters around Perth, Western Australia, from 2018 to 2025. Of 150 candidate images, 96 monthly WQI maps were accepted after software-based cloud correction, area-of-interest coverage checks and visual quality review. Satellite-derived …

A Novel Mesoscopic Modelling Approach For Steel Fibre-Reinforced Concrete: Investigating The Effects Of Fibre Alignment On Flexural Performance, Ayman Mansour, Themelina Paraskeva, Nuha S. Mashaan

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Traditional finite element modelling of Steel Fibre-Reinforced Concrete (SFRC) relies on homogenised macroscopic models that overlook localised effects such as fibre orientation. Although three-dimensional (3D) mesoscopic frameworks for SFRC have been developed, direct comparisons with homogenised macroscopic models under the EN 14651 flexural test configuration remain limited, particularly for variations in fibre orientations. Consequently, a comparative evaluation is essential to assess the mesoscopic model under EN 14651 conditions. To address this, this work introduces a 3D tensor-controlled mesoscopic modelling approach for SFRC that explicitly simulates individual fibres with random and preferential alignment, offering a more realistic representation of fibre bridging …

Advances In Particle-Reinforced High-Entropy Alloys: Preparation, Particle Characterization, Properties, And Prospects, Yu Zhuo Bai, Bai Xin Dong, Hong Yu Yang, Feng Qiu, Shi Li Shu, Qi Chuan Jiang, Liang Yu Chen, Lai Chang Zhang

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

High-entropy alloys (HEAs) have received substantial attention due to their unique multi-element chemistry and excellent combination of properties, but further enhancement in properties is often required for demanding applications. Particle reinforcement has emerged as a promising approach to strengthen HEAs and tailor their behavior. This article provides a comprehensive overview of the recent progress in particle-reinforced HEAs, covering in-situ precipitation of particles and ex-situ introduction of reinforcements. It reviews a range of synthesis strategies including powder metallurgy and laser-based additive manufacturing. This article also compares their effectiveness in controlling microstructure, particle dispersion, densification, and scalability. The effects of various reinforcement …

Application Of Tailings From Aluminium, Copper, And Iron Extraction As Asphalt Mixture Materials: A Review, Daniel Oguntayo, Temitope Awolusi, Samuel Gboyega Arowolo, Paul Terkumbur Adeke

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

The increasing global demand for pavement infrastructure has intensified the consumption of non-renewable construction materials, particularly natural aggregates and soils, raising significant environmental and resource sustainability concerns. In response, there is a growing need to explore alternative materials that can reduce reliance on these finite resources. Mine tailings, generated in large volumes from mining operations, have emerged as a promising substitute due to their potential to enhance asphalt concrete performance while mitigating environmental impacts associated with their disposal. This study presents a comprehensive review of the application of selected mine tailings in asphalt mixtures. It critically examines their physicochemical properties …

Synthesis Of Fe-Doped Porous Carbon Catalyst Derived From Coconut Shell Waste Using Ferric Nitrate Nonahydrate (Fe(No3)3.9h2o) As An Iron Precursor, Ilham Lestadi Putra, Sukarni Sukarni, Heru Suryanto

Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science and Technology (JMEST)

Renewable energy from lignocellulosic biomass is a promising alternative to fossil fuels. Coconut shell (CS) waste is a favorable precursor for porous carbon due to its high carbon content, abundance, and non-food nature. However, conventional biochar often has limited surface area and catalytic active sites, hindering its effectiveness as a catalyst. While Fe-based modifications are promising, the use of ferric nitrate-assisted activation of coconut-shell-derived porous carbon remains underexplored. This research focused on developing an Fe-doped porous carbon catalyst from CS via ultrasound-assisted impregnation, followed by activation in a tube furnace. CS biochar was produced through pyrolysis at 550 °C and …

Optimization-Based Energy Management Of A Standalone Hybrid Power Plant Using A Hybrid Iheo–Pso Metaheuristic Framework, Muhammad Zeeshan Tariq, Asma Aziz, Barun K. Das

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

The current study combines solar photovoltaic (PV) power, energy storage batteries and wind power to propose a novel and effective method for energy management and optimisation of hybrid renewable energy systems. Optimising the management and coordination of many energy sources is becoming essential, as the world moves towards sustainable energy choices. This study seeks to improve system performance, reliability and operating costs, using a unique hybrid control and power management paradigm, the Improved Human Evolutionary Optimisation (IHEO) algorithm, presented as a novel optimisation method that balances energy flow, generation, storage and consumption. This study shows that the proposed model greatly …

Microbial Risk Assessment And Mitigation For Underground Hydrogen Energy Storage In Salt Caverns: A Multidisciplinary Investigation, Adnan Aftab, Silvia J. Salgar Chaparro, Muhammad Ali, Quan Xie, Ali Saeedi, Alireza Keshavarz, Mohammad Sarmadivaleh

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Underground hydrogen storage (UHS) in salt caverns is a promising solution for large-scale renewable energy storage, but its long-term stability may be compromised by hydrogenotrophic microorganisms such as sulphate-reducing bacteria (SRB). This study integrates global salt basin analysis, numerical modelling, and laboratory experiments to assess microbial risks associated with the hydrogen storage. We evaluated salt deposits across six continents, reviewed microbial communities in seawater sources commonly used for the leaching, and simulated SRB behaviour under varying hydrogen concentrations. Experiments using both commercial SRB strains and indigenous consortia from Western Australia revealed minimal microbial activity under hypersaline, low-carbon conditions. These findings …

Thermal Management Of Heat Sinks Equipped With Internal Cooling Mechanism: A Comparison With Advanced Heat Dissipation Techniques, Saif Ullah Khalid, Muhammad Ali Nasir, Mehmet Karahan, Muhammad Saleem Khan, Furqan Jamil

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Thermal management devices aim to remove extra heat from heat generation devices. There are numerous ways of heat rejection from the source, including active and passive cooling. The cooling techniques may be natural or forced, and the popular tools are heat pipes, heat sinks, and heat exchangers. In this piece of literature, several heat pipe and heat sink configurations are tested, including a novel internally cooled configuration using mono and hybrid nanofluids. Among heat sinks, solid finned and hollow finned configurations are mainly compared with the state-of-the-art heat pipes and thermal management systems for broader comparisons. Solid cylindrical fins are …

Which Factors Are Most Important For Understanding Neighborhood-Scale Electrification Transitions In New York City, And How Do These Factors Interact Within Urban Energy Systems?, Aaryan Nair

Publications and Research

Building electrification has emerged as a central strategy for reducing greenhouse gas emissions from urban areas, yet its implementation remains uneven across cities due to differences in buildings, infrastructure, and local conditions. This literature review examines the factors that influence neighborhood-scale electrification transitions in New York City and explores how these factors interact within urban energy systems. Drawing on research from building science, energy systems, infrastructure planning, and sustainability transitions, the paper identifies five recurring categories of influence: building characteristics, demand characteristics, infrastructure conditions, planning and investment capacity, and socioeconomic conditions. The review finds that building age, typology, density, and …

Msmgoptimizer: An Open-Source R Package And Web Application For Streamlining Life Cycle Inventory Data Automation In Life Cycle Assessment, Philip Duah, Kwame Awuah-Offei

Mining Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Life Cycle Inventory (LCI) compilation is indispensable in any Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) study, yet the preparation of inventory data for import into LCA software remains one of the most time‑consuming and error‑prone steps in the LCA workflow. LCI datasets frequently originate from multiple data sources and formats, necessitating automation tools that can optimize inventory data for direct use in LCA modeling platforms. SimaPro, the world's leading LCA modeling platform, for example, requires inventory data to be structured according to a proprietary CSV specification that is labour-intensive to prepare manually. Existing tools remain largely inaccessible to most researchers due to …

Review: Advancements In Fibrous Aerosol Filtration Across Experimental Analysis, Numerical Modeling, And Fabrication Technologies, Mirza Muhammad Zaid, Ashish Ranjan Kumar, Ashish Kakoria, Lina Zheng, Guang Xu

Mining Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

The increasing incidence of aerosol-related pulmonary diseases has intensified the need for efficient fibrous filtration technologies capable of capturing ultrafine particles with low pressure drop. Although nonwoven fibrous filters are widely used in medical, industrial, and ventilation systems, their complex internal structures and multiscale transport mechanisms remain insufficiently understood. This review examines the theoretical foundations of aerosol filtration, including single-fiber capture mechanisms and the concept of the most penetrating particle size. In addition, electrostatic interactions, including charge generation, transport, and stability, are incorporated to extend conventional mechanical filtration frameworks. Particular attention is given to flow–particle interactions within fibrous media. We …