Digital Commons Network^™

A Shared Backup Path Protection Scheme For Optical Mesh Networks, Hoang N. Nguyen, Daryoush Habibi, Quoc Viet Phung, Kungmang Lo

Research outputs pre 2011

We propose a new heuristic ILP model for share backup path protection (SBPP) scheme of mesh networks, which used the sets of disjoint-joint primary-backup path candidates of using path-pair candidates. The solution of the model is near optimal and provides all the routing details of demands as well as the sharing information between backup paths, and also simplifies the wavelength assignment problem if the wavelength continuity is a consideration. The new entities are introduced into this model that allow to control the resource utilization as well as congestion level of the network for optimization purposes and the pre-processing of data …

Capacity Utilization Versus Congestion Levels In Wavelength Routing For Large Scale Wdm Networks, Quoc Viet Phung, Daryoush Habibi, Hoang N. Nguyen, Kungmang Lo

Research outputs pre 2011

Wavelength routing (WR) has been a key issue in WDM optical networks which carry huge amount of traffic aggregated from Internet protocol (IP), asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) and SDH/SONET layers. The problem, however, has been proved NP-hard. The time complexity and the optimality of solutions are two conflicting metrics. In addition, for optimization purposes, capacity utilization and network congestion level can be compromised to reduce the blocking probability of future connections. In this paper, we propose a heuristic approach for WR in large scale networks based on a balanced model developed for the capacity utilization and the congestion level. This …

K Pair Of Disjoint Paths Algorithm For Protection In Wdm Optical Networks, Quoc Viet Phung, Daryoush Habibi, Hoang N. Nguyen, Kungmang Lo

Research outputs pre 2011

Survivable routing in wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) optical networks has been proven to be NP-hard problem. There is a trade-off between the computational time and the optimality of solutions in existing approaches to the problem. Existing heuristic approaches purely based the graph algorithms are efficient in computational time but do not offer optimal solutions and may fail in some cases even when a solution exists. Meanwhile, the integer linear programming (ILP) models offer optimal solutions but are intractable even with moderate scale networks. In this paper, we introduce a new algorithm for finding K pairs of disjoint paths which are …

Dynamic P-Cycles Selection In Optical Wdm Mesh Networks, Kungmang Lo, Daryoush Habibi, Quoc Viet Phung, Hoang Nguyen, Byungkyu Kang

Research outputs pre 2011

P-cycles have been recognized as a useful protection scheme in WDM mesh networks. This is a type of shared link protection that not only retains the mesh-like capacity efficiency, but also achieves the ring-like protection switching speed. However, finding the optimal set of p-cycles for protecting traffic demands is not a simple task and is an NP-hard problem. A general approach is to determine a set of candidate p-cycles and then determine optimal or near-optimal solutions by using integer linear programming (ILP) models or heuristics. In a dense mesh network, however, the number of candidate cycles is huge, and increases …

Dynamic Wavelength Routing In All Optical Mesh Network, Kungmang Lo, Daryoush Habibi, Quoc Viet Phung, Hoang Nghia Nguyen

Research outputs pre 2011

Wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM) offers the capability to handle the increasing demand of network traffic in a manner that takes advantage of already deployed optical fibers. Lightpaths are optical connections carried end-to-end over a wavelength on each intermediate link. Wavelengths are the main resource in WDM networks. Due to the inherent channel constraints, a dynamic control mechanism is required to efficiently utilize the resource to maximize lightpath connections. In this paper, we investigate a class of adaptive routing called dynamic wavelength routing (DWR), in which wavelength converters (WCs) are not utilized in the network. The objective is to maximize the wavelength …

Region Segmentation For Facial Image Compressing, Alexander Tropf, Douglas Chai

Research outputs pre 2011

This paper addresses the segmentation of passport images in order to improve quality of significant regions and to further reduce redundancy of insignificant ones. The approach is to first segment a facial image into two major regions, namely background and foreground. Here a new technique using pixel difference is presented. To compress facial regions at better quality, a face segmentation algorithm is introduced that detects eyes and mouth in a face. Region of interest (ROI) coding is then used to obtain better quality for facial features. At the end, some strategies that make use of region segmentation are proposed in …

Broadband Static Micro-Delay Lines Generation For Oct, Kamal Alameh, David Sampson, Zhenglin Wang, Rong Zheng, Chung Poh

Research outputs pre 2011

In this paper we propose a novel technique to generate variable true time micro-delay for fibre-based optical coherent tomography (OCT) using two Opto-VLSI processors. The technique offers broadband high resolution scanning depth without moving parts. The beam steering and multicasting capabilities of the Opto-VLSI processors provide a valuable scanning tool allowing the delay generator to jump between nonadjacent depths and realising multiple delays simultaneously. Experimental results achieved maximum 500 nm delay with 3dB bandwidth is more than 55nm a centre wavelength 1550nm.

Throughput And Delay Optimization In Wdm Fddi Optical Network, Muhsen Aljada, Kamal Alameh, Khalid Al-Begain

Research outputs pre 2011

The rapidly growing Internet traffic are driving the demands for higher transmission capacity and higher processing speed, especially for the backbone networks. To support such bandwidth usage an optical Fiber Distributed Data Interface Wavelengtg Division Multiplexed (FDDI/WDM) network is proposed, wherein the wavelength channels are amplified using Erbium-Doped Fiber Amplifiers (EDFA's) to compensate for the losses over the optical fiber span. In this paper we investigate the network performance for both asynchronous and synchronous transmissions by measuring the amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) along the ring, the optical signal to noise ratio (OSNR) and the electrical SNR at different destinations. The …

A Novel Microphotonic Structure For Optical Header Recognition, Muhsen Aljada, Kamal Alameh, Adam Osseiran, Khalid Al-Begain

Research outputs pre 2011

In this paper, we propose and demonstrate a new MicroPhotonic structure for optical packet header recognition based on the integration of an optical cavity, optical components and a photoreceiver array. The structure is inherently immune to optical interference thereby routing an optical header within optical cavities to different photo receiver elements to generate the autocorrelation function, and hence the recognition of the header using simple microelectronic circuits. The proof-of-concept of the proposed MicroPhotonic optical header recognition structure is analysed and experimentally demonstrated, and results show excellent agreement between measurements and theory.

Parametric Fault Modelling For Photonics System, Muhsen Aljada, Adam Osseiran, Kamal Alameh

Research outputs pre 2011

In this paper we investigate the impact of the most probable parametric faults generated by mal-functioning components in phonetic systems. We demonstrate, using the example of a MicroPholonic header correlator, the effectiveness of mixed-signals testing techniques for fault detection in photonic systems.

Design Of Reconfigurable Optical Interconnects Employing Opto-Vlsi Processors, Roger Jeffery, Kamal Alameh, Mikhail Vasiliev

Research outputs pre 2011

We investigate the design and performance of a reconfigurable optical interconnect structure based on vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSEL), Opto-VLSI processors and photodetector arrays. We optimise a proof-of-concept 3-VCSEL-element structure that eliminates crosstalk caused by unwanted diffracted optical beams and show that a bit error role (BER) of 10'17 is feasible at 3.2 Gbps for each channel.

Optimisation Of Opto-Ulsi Processor Performance Using Closed-Loop Feedback, Chung Poh, Kamal Alameh, Rong Zheng

Research outputs pre 2011

In this paper, an algorithm based on multi-variable Newton-Raphson method is developed to optimise the steering efficiency of a I-D Opto-USLI processor. The algorithm enables the evaluation of the phase-voltage relationship of the Opto-ULSI processor using realtime power measurements. The optimisation algorithm reported in the paper is crucial for reconfigurable photonic systems such as optical add drop multiplexers, optical switches, tunable optical filters and WDM equalizers.

Optimised Nano-Engineered 1-D Magnetophotonic Crystals For Integrated-Optical Modulators, Mikhail Vasiliev, Kamal Alameh, Vladimir Belotelov, Vyacheslav Kotov, Anotoly Zvezdin

Research outputs pre 2011

The optimization of multilayer ID megnetophotonic crystals with mulitple nano-engineered defects enables novel practical photonics applications. The properties of several optimized structures suitable for infrared intensity modulators are discussed. A novel approach to the design of integrated multi-channel WDM/DWDM transmission loss equalizers is proposed. We also show the effect of material absorption on the spectral properties of magnetic phtonic crystals, which is a factor of primary importance for the design of short-wavelenght infrared modulators.

Dynamic Opto-Vlsi Lens And Lens-Let Generation With Programmable Focal Length, Zhenglin Wang, Kamal Alameh, Rong Zheng, Salem Adherom

Research outputs pre 2011

In this paper we present and demonstrate a dynamic lens and lens array generation method with programmable focal length based on an Opto-VLSI processor. The Opto-VLSI is driven by computer generated algorithm to generate a discrete Fresnel lens phase hologram. By optimizing the phase hologram, lenses and lens arrays of different focal lengths ranging from 300mm to infinity can be realized. The optical axis of each lens element can be independently addressed to simultaneously focus and steer an optical beam within an angular range of ±0.5°.

Dynamic Wavefront Generation Technology Using Optovlsi Processor, Zhenglin Wang, Kamal Alameh, Rong Zheng

Research outputs pre 2011

In this paper we present a novel approach for dynamic wavefront generatio based on reconfigurable Opto-VLSI processing. Computer algorithms are developed to generate arbitrary quadric-phse lense and lenslet array with programmable focal lenght, beam steering and lens diameter by driving the Opto-VLSI processor with different computer generated phase holograms. Proff-of-concept experimental results show that multiple spheric and aspheric lens/lenslet wavefrongs can be generated with each lens independently addressed. The measured meaximum focal length tuning range is from +80mm to infinity and the beam scanning angular range is +7mrad, which are in excellent agreement with theory. Difference spatial profiles for wavefront …

Dynamic Spot Generation Using Opto-Vlsi Processing, Zhenglin Wang, Rong Zheng, Kamal Alameh

Research outputs pre 2011

In this paper we demonstrate the capability of OptoVLSI processors to generate arbitrary optical power distribution for adaptive optical beam splitting and dynamic optical spot generation. By using the multicasting capability of Opto-VLSI processors, an input optical signal can be dynamically split into N spots array, and the output power of each spot can be independently configured. Experimental results of multiple beam splitting show that dynamic optical multicasting can be achieved with more than 20dB dynamic range. Special patterns are also generated by optimising the phase hologram of the Opto-VLSI processor to place the output beam spots at appropriate positions.

Optical Interference Suppression Using Microphotonic Rf Filter Structure, Rong Zheng, Kamal E. Alameh, Zhenglin Wang

Research outputs pre 2011

The impact of laser coherence noise on conventional photonic RF filters is investigated in this paper. In addition, a new microphotonic adaptive RF filter structure is proposed, which can simultaneously suppress the phased-induced intensity noise caused by optical interference. Results show that the coherence length of the laser light significantly degrades the RF frequency response of a photonic transversal RF filter, whereas the microphotonic RF filter has the capability of generating arbitrary transfer function with no phase-induced intensity noise

Optical Cavity Design Of Integrated Microphotonic Wideband Adaptive Rf Signal Processor, Rong Zheng, Zhenglin Wang, Kamal Alameh

Research outputs pre 2011

In this paper. we analyse the beam propagation within the optical cavities of all integrated MicroPhotonic adaptive RF signal processor, and optimize the optical beam diameter and incidence angle that maximize the number of taps to realise high-resolution R F processor. Simulation results show that for a 1m-diameter collimated Gallssioll beam, 16 taps per cavity can be achieved for a 20mm-long cavity, and that there is no need for a diffractive optical element (DOE) to re- collimate the Gaussian beam within the cavity. The tolerance of the MicrnPhotonic processor to changes in optical cavity length which degrade the beam overlapping …

A Robust Qr Based Detector For V Blast And Its Efficient Hardware Implementation, Fariborz Sobhanmanesh, Saeid Nooshabadi, Daryoush Habibi

Research outputs pre 2011

The use of multiple antennas at both transmitting and receiving sides of a communication channel has increased the spectral efficiency to near the Shannon bound. However algorithmic complexity in the realization of the receiver is a major problem for its hardware implementation. In this paper we investigate a near optimal algorithm for V-BLAST detection in MIMO wireless communication systems based on QR factorization, offering remarkable reduction in the hardware complexity. Specifically, we analyze some hardware implementation aspects of the selected algorithm through MATLAB simulations and demonstrate its robustness. This technique can be used in an efficient fixed point VLSI implementation …

Twelve Factors Influencing Sustainable Recycling Of Municipal Solid Waste In Developing Countries , Alexis Manda Troschinetz

Dissertations, Master's Theses and Master's Reports - Open

Sustainable management of solid waste is a global concern, as exemplified by the United Nations Millennium Development Goals (MDG) that 191 member states support. The seventh MDG indirectly advocates for municipal solid waste management (MSWM) by aiming to ensure environmental sustainability into countries’ policies and programs and reverse negative environmental impact. Proper MSWM will likely result in relieving poverty, reducing child mortality, improving maternal health, and preventing disease, which are MDG goals one, four, five, and six, respectively (UNMDG, 2005).

Solid waste production is increasing worldwide as the global society strives to obtain a decent quality of life. Several means …

Deep Drains To Manage Groundwater, Neil Cox, Sylvia Tetlow, Neil Coles

Bulletins 4000 -

A channel that is 1.0 m to 3.0 m in depth is considered to be a deep drain. The drain is excavated to a depth that is sufficient to intercept the watertable in order to capture and convey that groundwater from flat, poorly drained land.

The drain can either be ‘open’ to allow the inflow of surface water or ‘leeved’ to exclude surface water. An open deep drain has its spoil banks placed on one side or on alternate sides of the channel (Figure 1) while a leveed deep drain has continuous spoil banks placed on both sides of the …

An Assessment Of Highway Financing Needs In Indiana, Kumares C. Sinha, Samuel Labi, Stacey D. Hodge, Gabriel U. Tine, Hardik Rajendra Shah

JTRP Technical Reports

In recent years highway revenues in Indiana have been eroding due to inflation, increased costs, and the increased use of fuel-efficient vehicles. It is necessary, therefore, to reliably assess the current and future needs for highway funding in order to facilitate informed fiscal planning. This study provides a methodology for tracking current and future demand for highway financing, along with a systematic modeling approach for revenue projections such that financing plans can be developed for state and local highway networks. Highway infrastructure needs for pavements, bridges, safety, and capacity improvements for the 15-year period between 2006 and 2020 are assessed …

Emergency Earthquake Routes; Part I, Criteria For Selection Of Primary Routes; And Part Ii: Route Seismic Vulnerability Aspects, Julio Ramirez, Srinivas Peeta, Mete Sozen, Luis Garcia, Kannan Viswanath

JTRP Technical Reports

The occurrence of a strong earthquake in Indiana or neighboring states, as has occurred in the past, has serious implications for the State Transportation System with respect to adequate response. The definition of Earthquake Emergency Routes for the State of Indiana became a priority for the Indiana Department of Transportation. These Emergency Routes take into account various aspects related to transportation including coverage of population and area and travel time along these routes, and issues related to structural and geotechnical seismic vulnerability of the roads and bridges along these routes. Part I of the overall study report formulates a multi-commodity …

Remediation And Stabilization Of Soils Contaminated By Lead Resulting From The Removal Of Paint From Bridges, M. K. Banks, A. Paul Schwab

JTRP Technical Reports

Lead-based paints are commonly used for painting steel bridge structures. Soils in the immediate vicinity of older bridges have been contaminated with Pb as a result of normal weathering and peeling of the paint coupled with removal prior to repainting. The objectives of this project were to assess the extent of lead contamination near highway bridges and to evaluate phytoremediation and immobilization as means of remediation. We examined soils in the vicinity of approximately 20 bridges in Indiana that had been repainted recently and were know to have been painted originally with Pb-based paint. We found only three bridges in …

Network-Centric First Responder Architecture With Swarming Robots Entity, Lakshmanan Meyyappan, Cihan H. Dagli

Engineering Management and Systems Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

This paper proposes a new network centric architecture that can be used by first responders to effectively respond to crisis situations. The powerful network-centric concept originally developed for and mainly used in the military environment, can be effectively used for civilian security and emergency response missions. This paper also proposes the use of a swarm of intelligent robots as a part of the network-centric architecture to aid the first responders. The swarm of robots works in tandem with the first responders and provides them with the necessary information on a real time basis. The proposed network centric architecture with a …

Infrared Thermography And High Accuracy Gps For Automated Asphalt Crack Detection, Tarek M. Abdel-Monem

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Roads are major public assets. The USA spends billions of dollars each year on road construction and maintenance. To keep these roads in a healthy condition and for better planning and allocation of maintenance budgets, knowledge of distressed locations is needed. Roads develop cracks when they are subjected to stresses that exceed their designed criteria or their materials properties. Early detection and repair of cracks has proven to be the most cost-effective strategy in limiting the damage to roads and reducing expenditures. Various methodologies of crack detection were developed and significant techniques were made in the last few years. One …

Or-05-6-4: Relating Human Productivity And Annoyance To Indoor Noise Criteria Systems: A Low Frequency Analysis, Erica Eileen Bowden, Lily M. Wang

Durham School of Architectural Engineering and Construction: Faculty Publications

A number of indoor noise criteria systems are used to quantify the background noise in a built environment, including Noise Criteria (NC), Balanced Noise Criteria (NCB), Room Criteria (RC), Room Criteria Mark II (RC Mark II), A-weighted Equivalent Sound Pressure Level (L_Aeq), and others. An on-going debate exists in the acoustical community over which criterion is the most appropriate to use in the variety of ambient noise situations encountered. In an effort to quantitatively support the use of individual criterion, this project subjectively correlates these various criteria with human task performance and perception. Eleven subjects participated in a …

Its Strategies For Minimization Of Fine Particulates, Ahmed S. Soliman, Robert Bertram Jacko, Barry K. Partridge

JTRP Technical Reports

The purpose of the study was to quantify the impact of traffic conditions such as free flow and congestion on local air quality. The Borman Expressway in Northwest Indiana is considered a test-bed for this research due to the high volume of class-9-truck traffic traveling on it, as well as the existing and continuing installation of the Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) to improve the traffic management along the highway stretch. An empirical Traffic-Air-Quality model (TAQ model) was developed to estimate the PM2.5 emission factors (g/mi) based solely on the measured traffic parameters such as average speed, average acceleration and truck …

Multispectral Camera Control And High Speed Image Transfer Using Lossless Hardware Compression, Padraig Ryan

Theses

This work provides extensions of a standard D-Cam/Firewire digital camera platform for use within a multispectral imaging setting and includes real-time lossless image compression targeted at the re-configurable environment of an FPGA. The control and image acquisition structures specific to multispectral systems are detailed with respect to an embedded firmware solution, complementary host PC software driver routines, and camera hardware control infrastructures. The augmentation of the standards based implementation is discussed without compromising compliance with underlying specifications. The mandate for image data acquisition includes glue logic to efficiently transmit data via a high-speed communications pipe, IEEE - 1394 in this …

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Building Services Engineering

No abstract provided.