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Subpicosecond Time-Resolved Raman Studies Of Lo Phonons In Gan: Dependence On Photoexcited Carrier Density, K. T. Tsen, Juliann G. Kiang, D. K. Ferry, Hadis Morkoç

Electrical and Computer Engineering Publications

Subpicosecond time-resolved Raman spectroscopy has been used to measure the lifetime of the LO phonon mode in GaN for photoexcited electron-hole pair density ranging from1016to2×1019cm−3 . The lifetime has been found to decrease from 2.5ps , at low density, to0.35ps , at the highest density. The experimental findings should help resolve the recent controversy over the lifetime of LO phonon mode in GaN.

The Microstructure And Grain Size Of Jet Electroplated Copper Films In Damascene Trench Features, Andrew Tzanavaras, Gregory Young, Stacy H. Gleixner

Faculty Publications

The brightening additive level and dc current density of electroplating baths are two parameters that affect the gap-filling capability and the degree of impurity incorporation in electroplated copper films. Additive incorporation can inhibit grain growth during the room temperature recrystallization process and therefore affect the final grain size. This investigation explores the grain size and microstructure of dc jet-electroplated copper films in 0.35 and 0.50μm Damascene trenches as a function of current density and brightening additive level after first receiving a high-temperature anneal. Unlike a previous study that explored these variables in blanket Cu films [ J. Electrochem. Soc. , …

Me-Em 2006 Annual Report, Department Of Mechanical Engineering-Engineering Mechanics, Michigan Technological University

Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Annual Reports

Table of Contents

• Overview, Mission, and Vision
• Comments on the Strategic Plan
• Enrollment, Degrees, and Expenditure Data
• External Advisory Board
• Faculty and Staff
• Students
• Alumni
• Resources
• Graduates
• Publications

Addressing The Challenges That Are Emerging In The Continued Increase In Ppp Use In The Republic Of Ireland, Louis Gunnigan, David Eaton

Conference papers

The Irish Government’s Public-Private Partnership (PPP) programme of pilot projects is now reaching its conclusion and PPP has become established as a key element in the strategy for provision of public sector facilities. Compiled through a literature review as part of a PhD level research project, this paper examines organisational culture differences between the public and private sectors and assesses the potential affect of these differences on the future development of the Irish PPP programme. By relating organisational culture differences to the emerging challenges relating to risk, value and innovation, it is evident that the lack of a partnering environment …

Modeling Correlation And Dependence Among Intervals, Scott Ferson, Vladik Kreinovich

Departmental Technical Reports (CS)

This note introduces the notion of dependence among intervals to account for observed or theoretical constraints on the relationships among uncertain inputs in mathematical calculations. We define dependence as any restriction on the possible pairings of values within respective intervals and define nondependence as the degenerate case of no restrictions (which we carefully distinguish from independence in probability theory). Traditional interval calculations assume nondependence, but alternative assumptions are possible, including several which might be practical in engineering settings that would lead to tighter enclosures on arithmetic functions of intervals. We give best possible formulas for addition of intervals under several …

On The Functional Form Of Convex Underestimators For Twice Continuously Differentiable Functions, Chirstodoulos A. Floudas, Vladik Kreinovich

Departmental Technical Reports (CS)

The optimal functional form of convex underestimators for general twice continuously differentiable functions is of major importance in deterministic global optimization. In this paper, we provide new theoretical results that address the classes of optimal functional forms for the convex underestimators. These are derived based on the properties of shift-invariance and sign-invariance.

Predictions On Preserving Bone Mass In Knee Arthroplasty With Bisphosphonates, Jeffry S. Nyman, Juan J. Rodrigo, Scott J. Hazelwood, Oscar C. Yeh, R. Bruce Martin

Biomedical Engineering

Using a computational model of bone adaptation, we investigated the long-term ability of bisphosphonates to minimize proximal bone loss that is associated with stress shielding in the tibia after long-stemmed total knee arthroplasty (TKA). When invoking bisphosphonate effects, the remodeling activity was suppressed, and the resorption size was reduced. Compared with the untreated simulation, bisphosphonate slowed the rate of bone loss after TKA (42% reduction in bone loss at 1 year). Activating the drug 3 months before the surgery reversed bone loss associated with the reduction in such activities as walking, but it did not provide any substantial benefit in …

Dilthey And Simmel: A Reading From/Toward Buber's Philosophy Of History, Jules Simon

Selected Works Temporary Series

No abstract provided.

Hegels Familienbegriff – Vermittelt Durch Rosenzweig: Darstellung Einer Eigentuemlichen Geschichte, Jules Simon

Selected Works Temporary Series

No abstract provided.

Effects, Transfer, And Fate Of Rdx From Aged Soil In Plants And Worms, E.P.H. Best, K.N. Geter, H.E. Tatem, B.K. Lane

United States Army: Publications

The objectives of this study were to provide data that can be used to predict exposure-based effects of RDX in aged soil on multiple endpoint organisms representing two trophic levels. These data can be used for defining criteria or reference values for environmental management and conducting specific risk assessment. Dose–response experiments formed the basis for the evaluation of toxic effects and transfer of contaminants from soil into two trophic levels. Long-term exposure tests were conducted to evaluate chronic, sublethal, toxicity and transfer of aged soil-based explosives, with RDX as main contaminant. In these tests, plants were exposed for 55 days …

Bridge Dynamics And Loading, Colin C. Caprani, Eugene O'Brien, Arturo Gonzalez, Yingyan Li, Paraic Rattigan, Niall Harris

Conference papers

Recent UCD research on dynamic bridge-truck interaction and bridge traffic loading in general is reported. The accuracy of bridge traffic load assessment has been significantly improved by identifying the differences in the sources of traffic loading on short- to medium-span bridges and treating them separately. It is shown that results can be significantly improved by treating 1-,2-,3- and 4-truck loading events separately. Gaps between trucks are also identified as a critical issue that strongly influences the frequency of key3-and 4-truck events. Trends in the dynamics of traffic loading are identified using simple force models on simply supported beams. It is …

The Effect Of Reflow Profile On Snpb And Snagcu Solder Joint Shear Strength, Jianbiao Pan, Brian J. Toleno, Tzu-Chien Chou, Wesley J. Dee

Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering

Purpose –The purpose of this work is to study the effect of the reflow peak temperature and time above liquidus on both SnPb and SnAgCu solder joint shear strength.

Design/methodology/approach –Nine reflow profiles for Sn3.0Ag0.5Cu and nine reflow profiles for Sn37Pb have been developed with three levels of peak temperature (230°C, 240°C, and 250°C for Sn3.0Ag0.5Cu; and 195°C, 205°C, and 215°C for Sn37Pb) and three levels of time above solder liquidus temperature (30, 60, and 90 s). The shear force data of four different sizes of chip resistors (1206, 0805, 0603, and 0402) are compared across the different …

Osteon Interfacial Strength And Histomorphometry Of Equine Cortical Bone, Robert F. Bigley, Lanny V. Griffin, Lisa Christensen, Ryan Vandenbosch

Biomedical Engineering

The interfacial strength of secondary osteons from the diaphysis of the Thoroughbred equine third metacarpal was evaluated using the fiber pushout test. The pushout was performed on 300–500 mm sections of 4x4x15mm bone blocks machined from four anatomic regions of the cortex. Pushout strength was evaluated from proximal to distal location within the diaphysis on four osteon types classified under polarized light on adjacent histologic sections from each block. The shear strength of the interfaces were estimated from shear lag theory. Differences were found in the interfacial strength of osteons based on appearance under polarized light with bright field having …

Wright State University College Of Engineering And Computer Science Bits And Pcs Newsletter, Volume 22, Number 4, January 2006, College Of Engineering And Computer Science, Wright State University

BITs and PCs Newsletter

A ten page newsletter created by the Wright State University College of Engineering and Computer Science that addresses the current affairs of the college.

Santa Clara Magazine, Volume 48 Number 3, Winter 2006, Santa Clara University

Santa Clara Magazine

8 - WELCOME HOME, STEVE By Steven Boyd Saum. Basketball superstar Steve Nash '96 comes home to Santa Clara for a unique honor: a ceremony retiring his Bronco jersey. In a convocation address, he tells how Santa Clara changed his life. Now he wants the University to take its mission global.

12 - THE SCHOOL OF HOPE By Martha Ellen Stortz. Scholar and teacher Bill Spohn earned deep affection and the respect of the Santa Clara community in his years directing the Bannan Center for Jesuit Education. When he was stricken with cancer, he and his wife, Marty Stortz, looked …

Implementation Of The Biological Opinion For The Missouri River Mainstem System, Missouri River Bank Stabilization And Navigation Project, And Kansas River Reservoir System

United States Army Corps of Engineers, Omaha District

The Endangered Species Act (ESA) requires that the Corps of Engineers (Corps), in coordination with the appropriate resource agencies, will ensure that any action authorized, funded or carried out is not likely to jeopardize the continued existence of any federally listed threatened or endangered species or result in the destruction or adverse modification of critical habitat. On November 30, 2000, formal consultation between the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) and the Corps under Section 7 of the ESA culminated with the "Biological Opinion on the Operation of the Missouri River Main Stem System, Operation and Maintenance of the Missouri …

Why Renewables Need Nuclear?: A Brief Narrative, John Ratcliffe, Ruth Saurin

Articles

No abstract provided.

Effect Of Seeding Materials And Mixing Strength On Struvite Precipitation, Jun Wang, Joel Gerard Burken, Xiaoqi Zhang

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Struvite Precipitation Has Increasing Interest as a Technology for Removing and Recovering Phosphorus from Wastewater Streams. Many Chemical Factors Have Been Studied, Such as Optimum PH Values and Component-Ion Molar Ratios, Yet, Understanding of Physical Aspects is Lacking. Two Physical Parameters Were Tested: (1) Seeding Material Addition and (2) Mixing. Objectives Were to Evaluate Three Seeding Materials and to Optimize Mixing Conditions for Struvite-Crystal Precipitation, Growth, and Subsequent Sedimentation. Results Confirm that Mixing Strength and Proper Seeding Materials Increase Crystal Size and Improve Settleability. for Unseeded Solutions, Optimum Phosphorus Removal Was Achieved at a Mixing Strength of G = 76 …

U.S. Army Corps Of Engineers Omaha District Monthly Drought Report, June 2006

United States Army Corps of Engineers, Omaha District

Current Conditions

Water Year 2006 Mountain Snow

Drought Outlook

Ft. Peck, Montana

Reservoir Elevation Overview

Water Intake Overview

Access Overview

Noxious Weeds Overview

Cultural Resources Overview

Garrison, North Dakota

Reservoir Elevation Overview

Water Intake Overview

Access Overview

Boat Ramp Information

Noxious Weeds Overview

Cultural Resources Overview

Other Areas of Interest/Concern

Oahe, South Dakota

Reservoir Elevation Overview

Water Intake Overview

Access Overview

Noxious Weeds Overview

Cultural Resources Overview

Mainstem Reservoir Information, Weekly Elevation Comparison 3 APR 2006 through 24 APR 2006

Mainstem Reservoir Storage Comparison Water Years 2004, 2005, 2006

Ft. Peck, MT

Garrison, ND

Oahe, SD

U.S. Army Corps Of Engineers Omaha District Monthly Drought Report, May 2006

United States Army Corps of Engineers, Omaha District

Current Conditions

Water Year 2006 Mountain Snow

Drought Outlook

Ft. Peck, Montana

Reservoir Elevation Overview

Water Intake Overview

Access Overview

Noxious Weeds Overview

Cultural Resources Overview

Garrison, North Dakota

Reservoir Elevation Overview

Water Intake Overview

Access Overview

Boat Ramp Information

Noxious Weeds Overview

Cultural Resources Overview

Other Areas of Interest/Concern

Oahe, South Dakota

Reservoir Elevation Overview

Water Intake Overview

Access Overview

Noxious Weeds Overview

Cultural Resources Overview

Mainstem Reservoir Information, Weekly Elevation Comparison 3 APR 2006 through 24 APR 2006

Mainstem Reservoir Storage Comparison Water Years 2004, 2005, 2006

Ft. Peck, MT

Garrison, ND

Oahe, SD

U.S. Army Corps Of Engineers Omaha District Monthly Drought Report, October 2006

United States Army Corps of Engineers, Omaha District

Current Conditions

Drought Outlook

Ft. Peck, Montana

Reservoir Elevation Overview

Water Intake Overview

Access Overview

Noxious Weeds Overview

Cultural Resources Overview

Garrison, North Dakota

Reservoir Elevation Overview

Water Intake Overview

Access Overview

Boat Ramp Information

Noxious Weeds Overview

Cultural Resources Overview

Other Areas of Interest/Concern

Oahe, South Dakota

Reservoir Elevation Overview

Water Intake Overview

Access Overview

Noxious Weeds Overview

Cultural Resources Overview

Mainstem Reservoir Information, Weekly Elevation Comparison 7 AUG 2006 through 28 AUG 2006

Mainstem Reservoir Storage Comparison Water Years 2004, 2005, 2006

Ft. Peck, MT

Garrison, ND

Oahe, SD

U.S. Army Corps Of Engineers Omaha District Monthly Drought Report, September 2006

United States Army Corps of Engineers, Omaha District

Current Conditions

Drought Outlook

Ft. Peck, Montana

Reservoir Elevation Overview

Water Intake Overview

Access Overview

Noxious Weeds Overview

Cultural Resources Overview

Garrison, North Dakota

Reservoir Elevation Overview

Water Intake Overview

Access Overview

Boat Ramp Information

Noxious Weeds Overview

Cultural Resources Overview

Other Areas of Interest/Concern

Oahe, South Dakota

Reservoir Elevation Overview

Water Intake Overview

Access Overview

Noxious Weeds Overview

Cultural Resources Overview

Mainstem Reservoir Information, Weekly Elevation Comparison 7 AUG 2006 through 28 AUG 2006

Mainstem Reservoir Storage Comparison Water Years 2004, 2005, 2006

Ft. Peck, MT

Garrison, ND

Oahe, SD

Identity And Distribution Of Residues Of Energetic Compounds At Army Live-Fire Training Ranges, Thomas F. Jenkins, Alan D. Hewitt, Clarence L. Grant, Sonia Thiboutot, Guy Ampleman, Marianne E. Walsh, Thomas A. Ranney, Charles A. Ramsey, Antonio J. Palazzo, Judith C. Pennington

United States Army: Publications

Environmental investigations have been conducted at 23 military firing ranges in the United States and Canada. The specific training facilities most frequently evaluated were hand grenade, antitank rocket, and artillery ranges. Energetic compounds (explosives and propellants) were determined and linked to the type of munition used and the major mechanisms of deposition.

Perchlorate Toxicity And Risk Assessment, David R. Mattie, Joan Strawson, Jay Zhao

United States Air Force: Publications

Ammonium perchlorate is the oxidizer ingredient in solid propellant mixtures for rockets, missiles and munitions such as Titan, Minuteman, Peacekeeper, Hawk, Polaris and the Space Shuttle. Perchlorate salts may also be used in medicine, matches, munitions and pyrotechnics (illuminating and signaling flares, colored and white smoke generators, tracers, incendiary delays, fuses, photo-flash compounds and fireworks). Perchlorate is also found in lubricating oils, finished leather, fabric fixer, dyes, electroplating, aluminum refining, manufacture of rubber, paint and enamel production, as an additive in cattle feed, in magnesium batteries and as a component of automobile air bag inflators.'

A Study Of The Impact Of Prognostic Errors On System Performance, Mauricio Carrasco

Inquiry: The University of Arkansas Undergraduate Research Journal

Condition-based maintenance is growing in popularity as a means of improving equipment maintenance efficiency. Whether it be the maintenance of an airplane, a computer system, or any type of physical system, the prognostic tools associated with condition-based maintenance are subject to statistical error. These errors can lead to unnecessary preventive maintenance due to underestimation of system remaining life and unnecessary system failures due to overestimation of system remaining life. What is not clear is if these statistical errors outweigh the benefits of a condition-based maintenance policy. This study attempts to address this concern through the evaluation and comparison of three …

Changes In Manganese And Lead In The Environment And Young Children Associated With The Introduction Of Methylcyclopentadienyl Manganese Tricarbonyl In Gasoline—Preliminary Results, Brian Gulson, Karen Mizon, Alan Taylor, Michael Korsch, Jennifer Stauber, J. Michael Davis, Honway Louis, Michael Wu, Hilton Swan

United States Environmental Protection Agency: Publications

A 4-year longitudinal study is being conducted to evaluate potential changes to the environment and exposure of young children associated with the introduction of methylcyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl (MMT) into Australia in 2001. The cohort consists of 57 females and 56 males, with an age range of 0.29–3.9 years. Samples are collected every 6 months from children in residences located at varying distances from major traffic thoroughfares in Sydney. Environmental samples include air, house, and daycare center dustfall, soil, dust sweepings, and gasoline; samples from the children include blood, urine, handwipes prior to and after playing outdoors, and a 6-day duplicate …

Inter-Habitat Variation In The Benthos Of The Upper Missouri River (North Dakota, Usa): Implications For Great River Bioassessment, Ted Angradi, E. William Schweiger, David Bolgrien

United States Environmental Protection Agency: Publications

We examined inter-habitat variation in benthic macroinvertebrate assemblages in the 180-km Garrison Reach of the Upper Missouri River, North Dakota (USA) in 2001–2003. The Garrison Reach is unchannelized with a mostly rural setting. Flows are regulated by Garrison Dam. We sampled benthos from three habitats defined a priori: channel, shoreline, and backwater. Benthic assemblages were different in each habitat. Average Bray-Curtis dissimilarity in assemblage composition ranged from 89% for backwater versus channel habitat to 70% for backwater versus shoreline habitat. There were distinct intra-habitat groups within a priori habitats: channel assemblages included moving-sand assemblages and other-substrate channel assemblages; backwater assemblages …

Mode Of Action In Relevance Of Rodent Liver Tumors To Human Cancer Risk, Michael P. Holsapple, Henri C. Pitot, Samuel H. Cohen, Alan R. Boobis, James E. Klaunig, Timothy Pastoor, Vicki L. Dellarco, Yvonne P. Dragan

United States Environmental Protection Agency: Publications

Hazard identification and risk assessment paradigms depend on the presumption of the similarity of rodents to humans, yet species specific responses, and the extrapolation of high-dose effects to lowdose exposures can affect the estimation of human risk from rodent data. As a consequence, a human relevance framework concept was developed by the International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS) and International Life Sciences Institute (ILSI) Risk Science Institute (RSI) with the central tenet being the identification of a mode of action (MOA). To perform a MOA analysis, the key biochemical, cellular, and molecular events need to first be established, and the …

The Fathead Minnow In Aquatic Toxicology: Past, Present And Future, Gerald T. Ankley, Daniel L. Villeneuve

United States Environmental Protection Agency: Publications

This paper reviews the roles of the fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas) as a small fish model in the field of aquatic toxicology. The species has been (and is) extensively used both for regulatory testing and research, especially in North America. For example, tests with the fathead minnow, ranging from 48-h lethality through partial and full life-cycle assays, are routinely used for regulatory programs aimed at assessing potential risks of new chemicals such as high-production volume materials and pesticides, as well as impacts of complex mixtures like effluents. The species also has been used for a wide variety of …

Non-Operative Management Of Posterior Tibialis Tendon Dysfunction: Design Of A Randomized Clinical Trial [Nct00279630], Kornelia Kulig, Amy B. Pomrantz, Judith M. Burnfield, Stephen F. Reischl, Susan Mais-Requejo, David B. Thordarson, Ronald W. Smith

Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering: Faculty Publications

Background: Posterior tibialis tendon dysfunction (PTTD) is a common cause of foot pain and dysfunction in adults. Clinical observations strongly suggest that the condition is progressive. There are currently no controlled studies evaluating the effectiveness of exercise, orthoses, or orthoses and exercise on Stage I or IIA PTTD. Our study will explore the effectiveness of an eccentric versus concentric strengthening intervention to results obtained with the use of orthoses alone. Findings from this study will guide the development of more efficacious PTTD intervention programs and contribute to enhanced function and quality of life in persons with posterior tibialis tendon dysfunction. …