Digital Commons Network^™

Characterization And Modeling To Design And Develop Tailored-Property Filled Glass Composites, Kevin Ewsuk

Composites at Lake Louise (CALL 2015)

Particle-filled-glass composites (FGCs) are being developed as new materials with structure and properties engineered for materials joining (e.g., for solid oxide fuel cells). Relative to conventional sealing glasses used to make hermetic glass-to-metal (GtM) seals, FGCs with tailored properties offer significant potential as more crack resistant hermetic seals with better performance and reliability. Additionally, compared to process sensitive crystallizable glasses, FGCs offer broader processing latitude and robustness, and afford greater control of seal microstructure and properties. FGCs are being developed using a combination of fundamental materials science and materials engineering, employing: 1) experimentally-validated molecular modeling to better understand and control …

Composite Metallic Nanofoam Structures, David Bahr, Matthew Howard, Mohamad Zbib, Raheleh Rahimi, John Balk

Composites at Lake Louise (CALL 2015)

Metallic nanofoams made of metals such as nickel (Ni) or gold (Au) with ligament sizes on the order of 10’s to 100’s of nm’s exhibit several remarkable properties as a consequence of their low relative density and high specific surface area, such as outstanding strength to weight ratios, enhanced plasmonic behavior and size-effect-enhanced catalytic behavior. However, these metallic nanofoams suffer from macroscopically brittle behavior due to plastic deformation in individual ligaments. With little or no barriers for slip, work-hardening is not possible within ligaments and extremely localized plasticity, once initiated, leads to a few ligaments necking and what appears to …

Powerful Artificial Muscles For Morphing Composites And Other Applications, Ray Baughman

Composites at Lake Louise (CALL 2015)

Three successive generations of twist-spun artificial muscles are described and used to make morphing composites and textiles that are electrically, thermally, or chemically powered.¹ Our first generation of twist-spun muscles, which are electrochemically powered by volume changes induced by double-layer charge injection, provide torsional rotation speeds of 590 rpm, and torsional strokes of 250° per millimeter of actuator length, which is 1000 times that for earlier artificial muscles. Our second generation muscles, which require no electrolyte and are based on guest-infiltrated carbon nanotube yarns, can torsionally actuate at 11,500 rpm and deliver 85 times higher power density during contraction …

Deterministic Three-Dimensional Composite Structures For Energy Storage, Paul Brown

Composites at Lake Louise (CALL 2015)

Through mesoscale design of a 3D current collector, high power density and high energy density primary and secondary (rechargeable) large format and microbatteries (Figure 1) were fabricated. At the most fundamental level, mesostructuring enables optimization of the trade-off between energy and power density in energy storage systems due to unavoidable ohmic and other losses that occur during charge or discharge. Of course, it is at fast charge and discharge, where these effects are most important. By efficient design of the ion and electron transport pathways, we and others have shown it is possible to significantly improve the power-energy relationship. We …

Diffusion-Based Deformation In Elevated Temperature Micropillar Compression Of Mg-Nb Multilayers, Keith Thomas, Juri Wehrs, Siddharta Pathak, Johann Michler

Nanomechanical Testing in Materials Research and Development V

multilayer, elevated-temperature, micropillar compression

Indentation Behavior Of Superelastic Hard Carbon, Olga Chernogorova, Ekaterina Drozdova, Iraida Ushakova, Evgenii Ekimov, Vicente Benavides, Aleksander Soldatov

Nanomechanical Testing in Materials Research and Development V

Supererlastic hard carbon particles up to 1 mmin size were produced by fullerene collapse upon high-pressure high-temperature treatment with simultaneous sintering of metal-matrix composite materials (CM) reinforced by such particles. The hardness of carbon particles can be varied in a wide range by changing the parameters of their structure, which consists of curved graphene planes or their packets of different sizes. Such carbon phase was called “nanoclusterd graphene phase” (NGP) [1]. The properties of the carbon particles were controlled by changing treatment pressure (5 and 8 GPa) and temperature (1100-1800 K), composition of parent fullerites (C60 or C60/70), and pre-treatment …

Γ/Γ' Co-Base Superalloys – New High Temperature Materials Beyond Ni-Base Superalloys?, Steffen Neumeier, Christopher H. Zenk, Lisa P. Freund, Mathias Göken

Beyond Nickel-Based Superalloys II

In 2006 a new L1₂ phase, Co₃(Al,W), was discovered in the Co-Al-W system which has led to the development of novel Co-base superalloys with g/g¢ microstructures similar to those of the well-established Ni-base superalloys. First investigations on simple ternary alloys could show that these Co-Al-W based alloys exhibit higher solidus temperatures and show less segregations after casting compared to typical Ni-base superalloys. This leads to the question whether this g/g¢ Co-base superalloys can be regarded as new class of high temperature materials that can compete with or even supersede established Ni-base superalloys.

In the first part of …

Enhanced Oxidation Resistance Of Ti-Rich Mo-Si-B Alloys By Pack-Cementation Process, Camelia Gombola, Daniel Schliephake, Martin Heilmaier, John H. Perepezko

Beyond Nickel-Based Superalloys II

To increase efficiency by higher combustion temperatures of aircraft engines and energy generation, new high temperature materials are inevitable. Mo-Si-B alloys for example satisfy several requirements such as good oxidation and creep resistance. Recently, novel Ti-rich Mo-Si-B alloys have shown an increased creep resistance compared to Ti-free Mo-Si-B alloys by the formation of Ti-silicide precipitates during processing. However, due to the formation of a duplex SiO₂ – TiO₂ oxide layer, where fast inwards diffusion of oxygen takes place, the oxidation resistance is poor.

In this study we show that oxidation resistance of Mo-Si-B-Ti alloys can be enhanced drastically …

Design Of Gamma-Prime-Strengthened Co-Based Superalloys: Where We Are And Where We Need To Go, Eric A. Lass

Beyond Nickel-Based Superalloys II

Since the first report of a stable two-phase g-g’ (FCC-L12) phase field in ternary Co-Al-W in 2006, there has been significant research effort in developing this new class of Co-based g’-strengthened superalloys for high temperature applications. Much of the focus has been on characterizing and improving high temperature properties such as the g’ solvus temperature, high temperature strength and creep resistance, corrosion and oxidation behavior. Much of this work has been conducted experimentally utilizing the wealth of knowledge of Ni-based superalloys gathered over the last several decades. Efforts into developing effective modeling tools, such as thermodynamic and diffusion databases, have …

Conference Program, Howard J. Stone

Beyond Nickel-Based Superalloys II

No abstract provided.

From Dilute Polyelectrolyte Solutions To Entangled Polyelectrolyte Networks: A Study Of Sodium Carboxymethyl Cellulose In Water By Light Scattering And Rheology, Juliette S. Behra, Timothy N. Hunter, Olivier J. Cayre, Johan Mattsson

Colloidal, Macromolecular & Biological Gels: Formulation, Properties & Applications

Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (Na CMC) is widely used in industry for its thickening and swelling properties. Applications are very broad and include pharmaceutical, food, home and personal care products as well as the paper industry, water treatment and mineral processing. Na CMC is a linear negatively charged water-soluble polymer derived from cellulose. Its behaviour in water is known to be very complex and a function of several parameters including the characteristics of the polymer itself [1] such as molecular weight and degree of substitution as well as the solution concentration and dissolution conditions [2] (e.g. addition order of the system …

Soft Matter Films Interfaced To Electronic Devices: Capacitance-Modulated Field Effect Transistors Integrating Protein Layers, Gerardo Palazzo, Luisa Torsi, Maria Magliulo, Antonia Mallardi

Colloidal, Macromolecular & Biological Gels: Formulation, Properties & Applications

Soft matter systems interfaced to an electronic device are presently one of the most challenging research activity that has relevance not only for fundamental studies but also for the development of highly performing bio-sensors.

Layers of proteins anchored on solid surfaces have small capacitance that undergoes to only minute changes as the ligand–protein complex is formed.

For properly designed systems, the protein layer represents smallest capacitance in a series of capacitors and as such dominates the overall capacitance. When such a protein layer is integrated in a Field Effect Transistor (FET) transduction is remarkably sensitive as the transistor output current …

Relative Humidity As A New Parameter In Rheological Testing, Jörg Läuger, Gunther Arnold

Colloidal, Macromolecular & Biological Gels: Formulation, Properties & Applications

Besides temperature and pressure the water content of a sample as well as the relative humidity of the ambient air are important parameter influencing the rheological behavior of many complex fluids such as for example gels, biomaterials, polymeric systems, food products, and adhesives.

The aim of this contribution is to introduce a newly designed environmental control chamber for the use with a rotational rheometer.

A combination of a modified convection oven and an external humidity generator enables to work under defined relative humidity (RH) and temperature (T) in the ranges of RH = 5 to 95 % and T = …

Non-Uniform Flow Of Colloidal Glasses And Gels: The “Shear-Gradient Concentration Coupling Instability”, J.K.G. Dhont

Colloidal, Macromolecular & Biological Gels: Formulation, Properties & Applications

There are several types of shear-induced instabilities in soft-matter systems, like vorticity- and gradient-banding, that are by now well-understood. There is, however, an instability that can be referred to as “the Shear-gradient Concentration Coupling instability” (the SCC-instability) that has been largely ignored due to the lack of understanding of its microscopic origin, since its phenomenological description a few decades ago. This instability is due to a postulated shear-gradient induced mass flux together with a strong coupling of the stress to concentration. The origin of the shear-induced mass flux resulting from direct interactions is so far not understood, and explicit expressions …

Conference Program, Samiul Amin, Saad Khan

Colloidal, Macromolecular & Biological Gels: Formulation, Properties & Applications

No abstract provided.

Super-Soft And Super-Elastic Dry Gels, Michael Rubinstein, William F. M. Daniel, Mohammad V. Vatankhah, Joanna Burdyńska, Krzysztof Matyjaszewski, Jaroslaw Paturej, Sergey Panyukov, Andrey V. Dobrynin, Li-Heng Cai, Thomas E. Kodger, Rodrigo E. Guerra, Adrian F. Pegoraro, David A. Weitz, Sergei S. Sheiko

Colloidal, Macromolecular & Biological Gels: Formulation, Properties & Applications

Molecular combs and bottlebrushes are a new class of polymer architecture allowing for anomalously low density of entanglements in polymer melts. The conformations and rheological properties of melts of these branched macromolecule composed of a flexible backbone and side chains densely tethered to it are investigated theoretically, experimentally and by computer simulations.^1,2 We develop the rule for dialing in the desired value of the melt plateau modulus of these molecules as low as 1000 times below the conventional values for linear polymer melts and experimentally verify the validity of our theory. The theory also predicts that elastomers made from …

Direct Numerical Simulation Of Reactive Flow Through A Fixed Bed Of Catalyst Particles, Abdelkader Hammouti, Florian Euzenat, Daniel Rakotonirina, Anthony Wachs

Sixth International Conference on Porous Media and Its Applications in Science, Engineering and Industry

Many catalytic refining and petrochemical processes involve two-phase reactive systems in which the continuous phase is a fluid and the porous phase consists of rigid particles randomly stacked. Improving both the design and the operating conditions of these processes represents a major scientific and industrial challenge in a context of sustainable development. Thus, it is above all important to better understand all the intricate couplings at stake in these flows: hydrodynamic, chemical and thermal contributions. The objective of our work is to build up a multi-scale modelling approach of reactive particulate flows and at first to focus on the development …

An Innovative Culture Technique For Microalgae Using Hollow Fiber Membranes, Yoshihiko Sano, Takeshi Suzuki, Akira Nakayama

Sixth International Conference on Porous Media and Its Applications in Science, Engineering and Industry

A hollow fiber culture system has been proposed for supplying the carbon dioxide to the microalgae, to replace the conventional air bubbling system which has been adopted to supply carbon dioxide in most conventional microalgal culture. In order to examine the usefulness of hollow fiber membranes for the microalgal culture, the microalgal growth rate for Chlorella sp. and the effective mass transfer coefficient of carbon dioxide through the hollow fiber membranes have been measured using the proposed photobioreactor filled with hollow fibers. The microalgal growth rate using hollow fiber membranes was found to be three times greater than that observed …

A Mini-Review On The Fractal-Monte Carlo Method And Its Applications In Porous Media, Boming Yu

Sixth International Conference on Porous Media and Its Applications in Science, Engineering and Industry

Porous media widely exist in nature such as soil, rocks, sandstones, oil/gas//water reservoirs, biological tissue and organics, etc., and in many sciences and engineering applications. Since microstructures of porous media are extremely complicated, this makes very difficult to predict the transport properties such as thermal conductivities and permeabilities of porous media by analytical solutions. Usually, numerical simulations such as control volume method, molecular dynamics and Lattice Boltzmann method etc. are often applied. However, results by numerical simulations are often correlated as empiric expressions, which usually contain one or more empiric constants.

Please download the full abstract below.

Numerical Investigation Of The Phase Change In Transpiration Cooling With The Vof Method, Xiao-Long Ouyang, Pei-Xue Jiang

Sixth International Conference on Porous Media and Its Applications in Science, Engineering and Industry

Transpiration cooling with phase change is numerically investigated in the present work. As shown in Figure 1, a liquid coolant flow is injected into a porous medium from the bottom side. The porous medium receives heat from the hot gas on the top surface and heats the coolant. Thus, phase change can occur in this porous medium. The surface temperature, the heat flux received by the porous medium, the phase distribution and the flow and cooling characteristics are the most important unknowns on this topic.

Please download the full abstract below.

Numerical Simulation Of Thermal Energy Storage With Phase Change Material And Aluminum Foam, Bernardo Buonomo, Oronzio Manca, Davide Ercole, Sergio Nardini

Sixth International Conference on Porous Media and Its Applications in Science, Engineering and Industry

A Latent Heat thermal energy storage system (LHTESS) is employed as a thermal buffer, since it avoids the intermittent supply of thermal energy due to the behaviour of the thermal source, in particular the renewable thermal source like the solar radiation. Therefore a LHTESS allows supplying the thermal energy in continuous way. The principal material of a LHTESS is the phase change material (PCM) given that it storages a high quantity of thermal energy during its phase change process thanks to the high value of latent heat. Moreover the thermal energy is stored at quasi-constant temperature because during the phase …

Generation Of Simple Extended Porous Surface Expression From Results Of Pore-Level Conjugate Heat Transfer In Spherical-Void-Phase Porous Blocks, Anthony G. Straatman, Alex Kalopsis, Nolan Dyck

Sixth International Conference on Porous Media and Its Applications in Science, Engineering and Industry

Studies of convection in porous media continue to be of scientific interest due to the increasing utility of highly-conductive porous materials in heat exchange applications. Of central interest is the ability to model flow and heat transfer through a porous material with high accuracy in a manner that is computationally inexpensive. To this end, use of thermal-equilibrium (TE) or non-thermal-equilibrium (NTE) volume–averaged techniques are of great interest, but use of such methods requires information that is averaged out to be supplied as model coefficients for simple constitutive models that characterize the physical processes. Such models and coefficients are typically derived …

Experiments Of Water's Effect On Mechanical Properties Of Shale Rocks, Fuquan Song, Fuying Qi

Sixth International Conference on Porous Media and Its Applications in Science, Engineering and Industry

The multiple hydraulic fracturing is an indispensable means to improve the production mass of natural gas in development of shale gas. The fracturing water consumption of a horizontal well reaches 10x103 m3. However, the water been injected into shale layer is not reverse discharged completely. How does this part of water stays in shale layer? What's the role it plays? And how does it have any effects on the development? We studied effects of water on shale rock mechanical properties experimentally to answer these questions.

Please download the full abstract below.

Effect Of The Variable Porosity On The Heat Transfer Process In Solar Air Receiver, Pei Wang, D. Y. Liu

Sixth International Conference on Porous Media and Its Applications in Science, Engineering and Industry

Solar air receiver is the core component of central receiver system (CRS) in solar thermal power plants due to the unique feature of some porous medium like silicon carbide foam ceramic and so on. In the air receiver, the porous material receives the concentrated sunlight from the heliostat field and heats up the pumped inlet air by convection and radiation. The incident radiation is distributed in the inner space of the porous medium rather than located on the boundary of the heated face in the front of the receiver. Aiming at this phenomenon which called volumetric effect, we propose a …

Fractional Transport Models For Shale Gas In Tight Porous Media, Nadeem A. Malik, Iftikhar Ali

Sixth International Conference on Porous Media and Its Applications in Science, Engineering and Industry

Modelling the flow of fluid through tight porous media, such as unconventional hydrocarbon reservoirs, is very challenging and it is a growing sector and must be addressed. Shale gas is found in such tight porous rocks which are characterized by nano-scale size porous networks with ultra-low permeability [1,2].

Please download the full abstract below.

Combined Effects Of Internal Heat Generation And Viscous Dissipation For Double Diffusive With Forchheimer Fluid Model, Dinesh P.A., Rushi Kumar B., Suresh Babu R

Sixth International Conference on Porous Media and Its Applications in Science, Engineering and Industry

In this paper, a numerical study using shooting technique is applied for a double diffusive flow for the combined effects of internal heat generation and viscous dissipation over a vertical heated plate under the influence of variable fluid properties is carried out. The governing equations of the physical problem are non-linear and coupled partial differential equations for velocity, temperature and concentration distributions. Using a suitable similarity transformation, the governing equations are transformed to ordinary differential equations involving the various non-dimensional parameters of the problem.

Please download the full abstract below.

Effects On The Pore Structure And Permeability Change By Coke Deposition During Crude Oil In-Situ Combustion, Qianghui Xu, Bin Ma, Hang Jiang, Ran Xu, Chao Huang, Lin Shi

Sixth International Conference on Porous Media and Its Applications in Science, Engineering and Industry

In-situ combustion(ISC) is an enhanced oil recovery technique to exploit the unconventional crude oil resources with high recovery efficiency. Great amount of reaction heat is released in-place by burning the solid residue, so-called coke at the combustion front with the temperature higher than 400℃. Significant open ISC questions include the effect of coke formation on the pore structure and permeability. Coke deposition reduces the permeability and increases the permeability heterogeneities which will affect the oxygen transport in the formation, thereby influencing the oxygen participating reactions downstream. However, the existing empirical or semi-empirical relationships are still questionable to model the permeability …

Proposal Of Utilizing Uni-Directional Porous Copper For Extremely High Heat Flux Removal, Kazuhisa Yuki, Kio Takai, Yoshiki Indou, Koichi Suzuki

Sixth International Conference on Porous Media and Its Applications in Science, Engineering and Industry

This paper proposes new heat removal devices utilizing uni-directional porous copper against extremely high heat flux conditions. Before designing those, we discuss some key parameters of porous media to enable a high heat flux removal over 10 MW/m² at a low flow rate of water, which are effective thermal conductivity, permeability, liquid supply to a heat transfer surface, and contact thermal resistance between the porous medium and the heat transfer surface. These discussions indicate utilizing the uni-directional porous media as shown in Fig. 1 from the view point of its higher thermal conductivity, direct supply of cooling liquid toward …

An Experimental Investigation On Effect Of Pores Per Inch In Compact Heat Exchanger With Aluminum Foam, Oronzio Manca, Bernardo Buonomo, Luca Cirillo, Sergio Nardini

Sixth International Conference on Porous Media and Its Applications in Science, Engineering and Industry

Metal foams are a new class of materials with low densities and novel thermal and mechanical properties. Aluminum foams combine low weight with good rigidity, strength, damping of vibrations and noise, shock resistance and low thermal conductivity [1]. An experimental investigation on a single row of aluminum tubes, covered with layers of aluminum foams, was carried out by T’joen et al. [2]. A range of foam layer thickness, Reynolds number tube spacing and different type of foam were considered and compared with compact helically finned tube heat exchangers. An experimental investigation was carried out by Sertkaya et al. [3] to …

Gas Hydrate Inhibition And Its Unique Thermodynamic Behaviors Within The Porous Clay Sediment, Yun-Ho Ahn, Huen Lee

Sixth International Conference on Porous Media and Its Applications in Science, Engineering and Industry

The fundamental understanding of gas and water system in geological sediments is necessary for greenhouse gas sequestration and future energy production. Depending on the surrounding environments that water, gas, and other substrate material coexist, several unique phases such as supercritical, dissolved gas, gas oversatu-rated, and hydrate could be formed. Especially, gas hydrates which are composed of water frameworks and several gaseous guest molecules have drawn people’s attention for its application such as methane production with carbon dioxide sequestration. For these reasons, to produce methane from natural gas hydrate and store carbon dioxide by replacement reaction, the thermodynamic behaviors of gas …