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Performance Evaluation Of Full Array, Sub-Array And Overlapped Sub-Array Hybrid Beamforming Architectures For Massive Mimo Systems, Godwin Mruma Gadiel
Performance Evaluation Of Full Array, Sub-Array And Overlapped Sub-Array Hybrid Beamforming Architectures For Massive Mimo Systems, Godwin Mruma Gadiel
Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)
The technological advancement in wireless communication, promises high data rate for end users. This has led to the possibility of smart cities, inter connected vehicles, and virtual reality applications. One of the recent technologies in wireless communication is massive MIMO where large number of antennas are deployed at the transmitter or receiver. This is possible due to the use of mmWave in wireless communication. With massive MIMO, beamforming technique can be employed in the communication system. Beamforming is the ability of communication system to direct power to the intended users and to cancel power at non-intended users and thus significantly …
Experimental Investigation On Recovery Of Micro Hydropower Dump Load Through Oil Heating System, Joseph H. Kihedu Dr.
Experimental Investigation On Recovery Of Micro Hydropower Dump Load Through Oil Heating System, Joseph H. Kihedu Dr.
Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)
Micro hydropower power generates electrical energy to meet connected electrical demand, that normally fluctuates causing imbalances. Electronic load controller is then used to balance power system by diverting surplus generated power to the dump load commonly resistive load such as bulk water heater. This study investigated use of oil heating system as a replacement for conventional resistive dump load. In comparison to water, oil has high thermal retention therefore can serve as good thermal media. Dump load range ranged between 17 kW to 78 kW. A 6-kW electrical heater was used for laboratory oil heating system from which heated oil …
Smart Grid In Tanzania: Research Opportunities, Aviti Thadei Mushi
Smart Grid In Tanzania: Research Opportunities, Aviti Thadei Mushi
Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)
reinvigorated its power generation capacity significantly to ensure smooth execution of its industrialization agenda and cope with the fourth industrial revolution. To ensure reliable availability of power to sustain its growing economy, Tanzania embarked on a deliberated measure to forge an energy mix. This deliberate measure encompasses the use of renewable energy technologies such as wind, solar, biomass, wastes, and micro hydro; natural gas; and other energy sources which are locally available including coal and geothermal. To effectively and efficiently manage such a growing power system and make electricity accessible to all for higher levels of industrial investment and services, …
Isolation And Performance Test Of Green Low Dosage Hydrate Inhibitors From Local Materials For Improving Flow Assurance In Oil And Gas Industry, Makungu Madirisha
Isolation And Performance Test Of Green Low Dosage Hydrate Inhibitors From Local Materials For Improving Flow Assurance In Oil And Gas Industry, Makungu Madirisha
Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)
The formation of gas hydrates in oil and gas industry can be minimized or prevented by the use of inhibitors. This paper reports on hemicellulose and modified lignin as low dosage gas hydrate inhibitors (LDGHIs). LDGHIs were isolated from sugarcane bagasse (SCB), plant gum exudates (PGE) of Acacia trees, and coconut coir, and further characterized by Attenuated Total Reflectance - Fourier Transform Infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectrometer, porosimeter and thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA). The PGE and SCB yielded 77.75% and 12.38% of hemicellulose, respectively, while coconut coir yielded 35.59% of lignin which was modified to sodium lignosulfonate (SLS) to improve its solubility in …
A Cloud Based Model Symbiotic Organism Search Algorithm For Placement Of Distributed Energy Resources In The Electrical Secondary Distribution Networks, Shamte Kawambwa, Daudi Mnyanghwalo
A Cloud Based Model Symbiotic Organism Search Algorithm For Placement Of Distributed Energy Resources In The Electrical Secondary Distribution Networks, Shamte Kawambwa, Daudi Mnyanghwalo
Tanzania Journal of Science
Abstract The increased penetration of distributed energy resources (DERs) technologies to residential users has fostered the need for DERs integration and control methods in the secondary distribution networks (SDN). In order to reap the potential advantages of DERs and achieve their inclusion in the electrical power system while avoiding their negative impacts, the DERs should be optimally placed and sized. Considering the nature of electrical networks and DER operations, the DERs placement is a nondeterministic polynomial hard (NP-hard) optimization problem. Metaheuristic algorithms are efficient for solving DER placement problems. Metaheuristic algorithms for DER placement in SDN involve high computational effort, …
Spatial And Temporal Solar Potential Variation Analysis In Uganda Using Measured Data, Daniel N Katongole, Karidewa Nyeinga, Denis Okello, Daniel Mukiibi, James Mubiru, Yeeko Kisira
Spatial And Temporal Solar Potential Variation Analysis In Uganda Using Measured Data, Daniel N Katongole, Karidewa Nyeinga, Denis Okello, Daniel Mukiibi, James Mubiru, Yeeko Kisira
Tanzania Journal of Science
The paper presents an analysis of spatial and temporal solar potential variations in Uganda. The solar radiation potential distribution was investigated based on measured data from 56 ground meteorological stations across Uganda from January 2015 to February 2022. The data were recorded after every 5-minute interval. The monthly average daily Global Horizontal Irradiance (GHI) was analysed using the spatial inverse distance weighting (IDW) interpolation technique in ArcGIS 10.7.1. The GHI distribution was found to have maxima at equinox and minimum between June and July. The average global horizontal irradiation is found to be 1680 KWh per year, with a daily …
Maintenance Scheduling Algorithm For Transformers In Tanzania Electrical Secondary Distribution Networks, Hadija Mbembati, Kwame Ibwe, Baraka Maiseli
Maintenance Scheduling Algorithm For Transformers In Tanzania Electrical Secondary Distribution Networks, Hadija Mbembati, Kwame Ibwe, Baraka Maiseli
Tanzania Journal of Science
The drive by the government of Tanzania to electrify every village has resulted into expansion of the electrical secondary distribution networks (ESDNs). Therefore, maintenance management is of the highest priority for the smooth operation of the ESDNs to reduce unscheduled downtime and unexpected mechanical failures. Studies show that condition-based predictive maintenance (CBPdM) method allows the utility company to monitor, analyze and process the information obtained from ESDNs transformers. Thus, this study adopts the CBPdM method to develop a maintenance scheduling algorithm that can predict the transformer state, forecast maintenance time based on transformer load profile and schedule its maintenance using …
Evaluation Of Image Enhancement Techniques For Electrical Capacitance Tomography Applications, Alfred J Mwambela
Evaluation Of Image Enhancement Techniques For Electrical Capacitance Tomography Applications, Alfred J Mwambela
Tanzania Journal of Science
The fast generation of images in Electrical Capacitance Tomography (ECT) systems is a desirable feature for many industrial applications. Non-iterative reconstruction algorithms which qualify for this requirement generate poor-quality images. The Linear Back Projection (LBP) is the fastest non-iterative reconstruction algorithm. The challenge is to find a technique to improve the quality of images from LBP at a low computational cost. Image enhancement techniques have been investigated for improving the quality of images reconstructed from the LBP algorithm. Simulated and measured static and dynamic flow data were used in the evaluation. The performance results were benchmarked with results from the …
Design Of International Airport Hybrid Renewable Energy System, Aviti Thadei Mushi
Design Of International Airport Hybrid Renewable Energy System, Aviti Thadei Mushi
Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)
This paper presents the design and simulation of a hybrid renewable energy system utilizing solar and wind energy sources with a backup generator. The demand for reliable electric energy in support of investments in large social and economic development activities such as airport operations has been an agenda worldwide. In Tanzania, Mwanza International Airport (MIA) expects to consume about 18 MVA of electric power annually to support its operations for the next 25 years. About 78-80% of the world's commercial energy comes from fossil fuels. Non-renewable fuels and other negative effects contribute to global warming through greenhouse gas emissions and …
Optimal Energy Management For Off-Grid Hybrid Renewable Energy Systems, Owdean M. Suwi
Optimal Energy Management For Off-Grid Hybrid Renewable Energy Systems, Owdean M. Suwi
Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)
A photovoltaic (PV)/wind/battery/Generator-Set hybrid power system's energy dispatch is discussed in this research, along with the ideal solution. The optimization model enables the hybrid power system's generating devices to share power appropriately. The main goals are to minimize fuel consumption and costs and maximize the usage of Renewable Energy Sources (RES). The proposed simulation plan succeeds in lowering fuel costs because the diesel generator only kicks on at night and in the early morning when the energy from RES is insufficient to supply the load. The load is supplied with power, and the battery is charged throughout the day, when …
Sensible Heat Bean Cooker, Casiana Lwiwa
Sensible Heat Bean Cooker, Casiana Lwiwa
Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)
Alternative cooking energy to replace wood fuels is needed in the African context. Liquified Natural Gas (LNG) is a solution but is still based on burning fossil fuel. Electrical cookers can be an alternative as well. However, for off-grid systems this means electrical batteries are required, as the solar electricity from Photovoltaic (PV) panels is intermittent, and as cooking is also to be made after sunset. Heat storage technologies can provide solutions where available energy is stored in the form of heat for cooking when needed. The challenge is then to develop systems which are robust, safe, and technically simple. …
Factors Influencing Total Productive Maintenance Implementation For Thermal Generation Plants, Ismail W. R. Taifa Dr
Factors Influencing Total Productive Maintenance Implementation For Thermal Generation Plants, Ismail W. R. Taifa Dr
Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)
This study accepts that the technical and administrative factors can amplify effective total productive maintenance (TPM) implementation at thermal generation plants. It is noted that there is a limited number of studies that have attempted to understand the subject of TPM implementation in the energy sector. Noting this shortcoming, the authors thought it crucial to generate empirical evidence on the factors influencing effective TPM implementation for thermal generation plants, with evidence from gas-fired plants. A sample of 88 respondents was selected and consulted. Data were collected through questionnaires and analyzed quantitatively by inferential statistics and qualitatively through thematic analysis using …
Development Of Solar Pv Systems For Mini-Grid Applications In Tanzania, Seleman Mayanjo
Development Of Solar Pv Systems For Mini-Grid Applications In Tanzania, Seleman Mayanjo
Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)
Access to electricity offers great benefits to development through the provision of reliable and efficient energy sources in the country. Majority of the population living in the remote and rural areas of developing countries mostly sub-Saharan Africa are not supplied with electricity. Although the governments through their electricity companies put their effort to extends the grid distribution networks to remote and rural areas still the coverage were not sufficiently enough due to growing demands for safe and reliable electricity. However, solar as a source of energy remains the least utilized energy source in many countries including Tanzania. Solar Photovoltaic (PV) …
Studying Dielectric Losses Of Serially Combined Silicone Rubber And Epoxy Resin, Aviti Thadei Mushi
Studying Dielectric Losses Of Serially Combined Silicone Rubber And Epoxy Resin, Aviti Thadei Mushi
Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)
High voltage outdoor insulation systems are conventionally ceramics and glass with several advantages, such as proven in the field, excellent dielectric properties, durability, and long life. However, they are heavy, attract vandals and break easily, and they can lose their dielectric properties easily when subjected to high voltage transients, arcing, and surges. To curb this, polymer insulators are used because they have excellent dielectric properties, such as those of ceramics and glass, with the added advantages that they do not break easily and recover their lost dielectric properties after any electrical transients. Therefore, this paper investigates the dielectric properties of …
Comparison Of On-Line Partial Discharge Detection Techniques For High Voltage Power Cable Joints And Terminations, Aviti Thadei Mushi
Comparison Of On-Line Partial Discharge Detection Techniques For High Voltage Power Cable Joints And Terminations, Aviti Thadei Mushi
Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)
Cable joints and terminations play a vital role in providing dependable electrical connection, mechanical support and physical safeguard. These provide electrical stress control to shielded power cables. Despite their usefulness, they suffer from partial discharges (PD) because of enhanced voltage stress, moisture ingress and poor workmanship (during installation). Therefore, it is necessary to undertake on-line PD detection to determine their state. Some of these techniques are capacitive coupler (CC); acoustic emission (AE); and high frequency current transducer (HFCT). This article presents a literature review of these techniques based on the cost, availability, and applicability. The comparative analysis is also provided …
Lead Acid Battery Recycling In The Current Tanzania Industrialization Drive: Challenges And Opportunities, Divina D. Kaombe
Lead Acid Battery Recycling In The Current Tanzania Industrialization Drive: Challenges And Opportunities, Divina D. Kaombe
Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)
ABSTRACT Advancements in automotive technologies, Information and Communications Technology and renewable energy technologies have increased the use of lead acid batteries as a source of portable and rechargeable energy. This has considerably increased the number of spent batteries with adverse effects on the environment and human health; which calls for recycling of spent batteries. This work was conducted to investigate challenges facing the formal business of recycling spent batteries and potential manufacturers of new lead-acid batteries in Tanzania. The work involved collection of information from key stakeholders such as collectors, dealers, Tanzania Revenue Authority and recyclers. It was found out …
Filtering Effect On Rssi-Based Indoor Localization Methods, Kwame S. Ibwe
Filtering Effect On Rssi-Based Indoor Localization Methods, Kwame S. Ibwe
Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)
Indoor positioning systems are used to locate and track objects in an indoor environment. Distance estimation is done using received signal strength indicator (RSSI) of radio frequency signals. However, RSSI is prone to noise and interference which can greatly affect the accuracy performance of the system. In this paper Internet of Things (IoT) technologies like low energy Bluetooth (BLE), WiFi, LoRaWAN and ZigBee are used to obtain indoor positioning. Adopting the existing trilateration and positioning algorithms, the Kalman, Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) and Particle filtering methods are employed to denoise the received RSSI signals to improve positioning accuracy. Experimental results …
A Genetic Algorithm Approach To Optimal Sizing And Placement Of Distributed Generation On Nigerian Radial Feeders, Adelowo Balogun
A Genetic Algorithm Approach To Optimal Sizing And Placement Of Distributed Generation On Nigerian Radial Feeders, Adelowo Balogun
Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)
Mitigating power loss and voltage profile problems on radial distribution networks has been a major challenge to distribution system operators. While deployment of distributed generation, as compensators, has made a suitable solution option, optimum placement and sizing of the compensators has been a concern and it has thus been receiving great attention. Meta-heuristic algorithms have been found efficacious in this respect, yet the use of the algorithms in addressing problems of radial feeders is still comparatively low in Nigeria where analytical and numerical programming methods are common. Hence; the use of genetic algorithm to site and size distributed generator for …
Review Of The Imaging Performance And The Current Status Of The Cascade Gamma-Rays Coincidence Imagers, Leonid L. Nkuba Dr.
Review Of The Imaging Performance And The Current Status Of The Cascade Gamma-Rays Coincidence Imagers, Leonid L. Nkuba Dr.
Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)
Various studies that have investigated the detection of gamma coincidence events have revealed that design factors and image reconstruction approaches dictate the spatial resolution, coincidence efficiency, and levels of statistical noise of the detection system. In the case of imaging, cascade gamma-ray coincidence (CGC) imagers coupled with collimated detectors offer promising values for both spatial resolution and coincidence efficiency. However, to date, no CGC imager with single or multiple collimated detectors has reported a performance level beyond 6.7 mm spatial resolution (FWHM) and 6.0 × 10-6 coincidence efficiency. Given the recent developments and the current interests in high resolution and …
Deployment Of Inductive Loop Vehicle Traffic Counters Along Trunk Roads In Tanzania, Daudi Simbeye
Deployment Of Inductive Loop Vehicle Traffic Counters Along Trunk Roads In Tanzania, Daudi Simbeye
Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)
As Tanzania's population grows, there is a greater demand for efficient, effective, and strong road design, as well as a smooth transportation system with a balanced traffic management network architecture. To plan for maintenance and expansion of such a vast network, a credible data inventory and network condition must be established. The deployment of vehicle inductor loop counters along Tanzanian trunk roads is presented in this paper. At test sites, inductor loop sensors and control cards were used to capture vehicle traffic data, which was then wirelessly sent using GSM technology for vehicle classification verification and storage for future road …
Performance Evaluation Of Udsm Network To Deliver Multimedia Elearning Contents: Case Of Coict, Mercy Mbise
Performance Evaluation Of Udsm Network To Deliver Multimedia Elearning Contents: Case Of Coict, Mercy Mbise
Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)
The use of technology in education in Sub-Saharan Africa has been reported to be hindered by many factors including inadequate Information and Communication Technology (ICT) infrastructure, low internet speed, and lack of skills to use educational technologies. This paper aim at evaluating how the available ICT infrastructure at the College of Information and Communication Technologies (CoICT) can support, with acceptable Quality of Service (QoS), the delivery of multimedia applications for eLearning services. The evaluation was performed over a network testbed implemented in a computer laboratory for wired and wireless connections. The testbed consisted of five personal computers (PCs) connected via …
Energy Assessment Of E-Motorcycles As A Clean Transport Mode For Passenger Mobility: A Case Of Ilala District, Dar Es Salaam, John Shirima
Energy Assessment Of E-Motorcycles As A Clean Transport Mode For Passenger Mobility: A Case Of Ilala District, Dar Es Salaam, John Shirima
Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)
Electric motorcycles or e-motorcycles is a clean mode of road transport that present a prominent solution toward decarbonizing cities. Despite of e-motorcycles being cleaner than gasoline ones, at the moment, there is missing information whether it is feasible to replace gasoline motorcycles with e-motorcycles used for business transport purposes. This paper, therefore, presents the results comparing energy usage when using e-motorcycles and when using the gasoline motorcycles. The energy demand for driving passengers using an e-motorcycle in the precarious routes originated from Gongo la Mboto bus stop to Segerea bus stop, Buguruni Malapa, Gerezani bus stop, Kivukoni bus stop, and …
The Use Of Online Social Media Platforms By Tanzania Journalists To Produce And Disseminate Development News, Elisha Magolanga
The Use Of Online Social Media Platforms By Tanzania Journalists To Produce And Disseminate Development News, Elisha Magolanga
Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)
Advancement in Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) are revolutionizing Development Journalism (DJ) into an effective strategy for building competitive economies globally. However, many countries in Africa including Tanzania are slow in tapping potentials of ICT for development journalism. Digital penetration in the form of the Internet and social media are changing the way in which journalists are mobilizing and engaging communities in journalism practises, a key strategy for a competitive digitalised economy. This paper was guided by Development Communication Theory and Diffusion of Innovation Theory to explore the use of online social media by journalists in Tanzania to practice development …
Television White Space Based Broadband Network’S Coverage And Capex Performance For Rural Areas Connectivity In Tanzania, Moses Ismail
Television White Space Based Broadband Network’S Coverage And Capex Performance For Rural Areas Connectivity In Tanzania, Moses Ismail
Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)
This study compared the CAPEX requirements for a television white space (TVWS) based broadband network and that of deploying the UMTS based mobile broadband networks to deliver broadband connectivity in areas with sparse population which characterize most of Tanzania rural. Like many developing countries, Tanzania has low Internet penetration, with penetration of just over 46% when multiple subscriptions are taken into account. The affected communities are mostly rural due to low population densities which make deployment of the mobile broadband to be much expensive in terms of costs. This limits the economic development potential in these areas given that the …
Iot-Based Smart Fishing Gear For Sustainability Of The Tanzania Blue Economy, Abdi Abdalla
Iot-Based Smart Fishing Gear For Sustainability Of The Tanzania Blue Economy, Abdi Abdalla
Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)
The fishing industry engages many Tanzanians and is among the leading sectors of Blue Economy in the country. However, fishing practices are small-scale with poor and insufficient number of fishing facilities, hence limiting productivity and efficacy. Studies argue that the low level of technology currently used in the country could possibly be an impeding factor. Specifically, fishers use non interactive gears that cannot instantaneously update status and alert them whenever the gears are ready for collection. In such scenarios, fishers not only waste their time but also scarce resources such as fuel to facilitate trips to and from the fishing …
28 Ghz Patch Antenna Array With Reduced Mutual Coupling For 5g Communications Systems, Rahabu F. Mwang’Amba, Hashimu Uledi Iddi
28 Ghz Patch Antenna Array With Reduced Mutual Coupling For 5g Communications Systems, Rahabu F. Mwang’Amba, Hashimu Uledi Iddi
Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)
A 28 GHz patch antenna array with reduced mutual coupling for 5G communication systems is presented in this paper. Two elements antenna array was simulated with a periodic boundary to represent an infinity array. The antenna array is attached with a pair of the coupled directional coupler with a coupling value of -3.47 dB, and transmission lengths of 3.40 mm and 7.62 mm depending on the antenna array's magnitude and phase coefficient were designed and simulated. A reduced mutual coupling of -31.86 dB compared to -10.75 dB for an array without a decoupling network was observed. The wide scanning angle …
Machine Learning Approach For Classifying Power Outage In Secondary Electric Distribution Network, Stephan Mgaya, Hellen Maziku
Machine Learning Approach For Classifying Power Outage In Secondary Electric Distribution Network, Stephan Mgaya, Hellen Maziku
Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)
Power outage is the problem that hinders social and economic development especially for developing countries like Tanzania. Frequent power outages damage electric equipment, and negatively affect the industrial production process. Power outages cannot be completely eradicated due to uncontrolled cause like natural calamities but technical challenges can be managed and hence reducing power outages. The existing manual methods used to locate power outage like customer calls is inefficient and time consuming. On the other hand, modern method like the Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI) still faces a challenge in effectively classifying power line outage due to the nature of imbalanced datasets. …
Big Data Analytics Framework For Effective Higher Education Institutions, George Matto
Big Data Analytics Framework For Effective Higher Education Institutions, George Matto
Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)
There has been an increased dependency on Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) in undertaking various activities in Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) ecosystems. Because of that, huge volumes of data have increasingly been generated. There have been, for instance, considerable amounts of data generated through electronic platforms involved in students’ admission and registration process, students’ academic records management, teaching and learning data, curriculum related data, and several other administrative data. Analysis of data generated from these platforms stands to give students, lecturers, HEIs Management, policy makers and implementers, and other stakeholders useful insights that would help in improving HEIs’ effectiveness. Unfortunately, …
An Iot Based Worker Safety Helmet Using Cloud Computing Technology, Yuthriya Iddi Khamis, Mahmoud Alawi, Waheed Muhammad Sanya
An Iot Based Worker Safety Helmet Using Cloud Computing Technology, Yuthriya Iddi Khamis, Mahmoud Alawi, Waheed Muhammad Sanya
Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)
Miner safety and security is a major challenge around the world due to the exposure to toxic gases that are frequently released in underground mines. Miners' health is adversely affected primarily by toxic gases, which endanger the workers' lives. Furthermore, human sensory abilities do not detect these dangerous gases. As a result, this paper proposes a safety monitoring system that includes a temperature sensor, humidity sensor, and gas sensors to detect harmful gases and alert miners to those harmful gases using the smart helmet they wear. These gases are transmitted to the control station via the cloud using Internet of …
Group-Based Data Offloading Techniques Assisted By D2d Communication In 5g Mobile Network, Juma S Ally
Group-Based Data Offloading Techniques Assisted By D2d Communication In 5g Mobile Network, Juma S Ally
Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)
Machine type communication devices proposed as one of the substantial data collections in the 5G of wireless networks. However, the existing mobile communication network is not designed to handle massive access from the MTC devices instead of human type communication. In this context, we propose the device-to-device communication assisted a mobile terminal (smartphone) on data computing, focusing on data generated from a correlated source of machine type communication devices. We consider the scenario that the MTC devices after collecting the data will transmit to a smartphone for computing. With the limitation of computing resources at the smartphone, some data are …