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High Resolution Laser Absorption Spectroscopy Of Ozone Near 1129.4 Cm-1, Lawrence N. Majorana

Physics Theses & Dissertations

A Beer's Law experiment was performed with a tunable laser to determine self broadened line shape parameters of one infrared absorption ozone line in the v1 band for ten pressures from 0.26 to 6.29 Torr at 285K. SO₂ line positions were used for wavelength calibration. Line shapes were iteratively fitted to the Voigt function at a Doppler width of 29.54 MHz (HWHM) resulting in values for the integrated line• strength, ( S), of (0.144 +/- 0.007 ) x ·10^-20 cm-1/molecule cm-2, line center frequency, (υ_ο) of 1129.426 cm-1 and the Lorentzian contributions to half width, (α …

The Energy Conservation And Safety Dilemma, Burns E. Hegler

UMR-MEC Conference on Energy / UMR-DNR Conference on Energy

Since the beginning of the energy crisis, efforts to conserve energy often have seemed to be diametrically opposed to the precepts of safety. This is true if conservation is not planned and conducted properly. However, energy and safety can be quite compatible and may work to their mutual advantage if effectively managed.

Superconducting Magnetic Energy Storage: A Cost And Sizing Study, Haur D. Shaw, J. Derald Morgan, Max Darwin Anderson

UMR-MEC Conference on Energy / UMR-DNR Conference on Energy

Two applications for superconducting magnetic energy storage (SMES) devices in power systems are studied. One is for peak shaving, and the other is for load leveling. Consideration is given to placing these devices near load centers to reduce the line losses. For (SMES) cases studied using smaller size devices at several load centers, the line losses are lowered. However, the efficiency of SMES is proportional to its size, and the capitol cost per MWH is much greater for a smaller size SMES unit when compared to a larger SMES unit. Once the location or locations for SMES have been selected, …

Mapping Of Fresnel’S Interface Reflection Coefficients Between Normal And Oblique Incidence: Results For The Parallel And Perpendicular Polarizations At Several Angles Of Incidence, Rasheed M.A. Azzam

Electrical Engineering Faculty Publications

The functions, w = ƒ(z), that describe the transformation of Fresnel’s reflection coefficients of parallel and perpendicularly polarized light between normal and oblique incidence, as well as their inverses, z = g(w), are studied in detail as conformal mappings between the complex z and w planes for angles of incidence of 15, 30, 45, 60, and 75°. New nomograms are obtained for the determination of optical properties of absorbing isotropic and anisotropic media from measurements of reflectances of s- or p-polarized light at normal and oblique incidence.

Determination Of The Optic Axis And Optical Properties Of Absorbing Uniaxial Crystals By Reflection Perpendicularincidence Ellipsometry On Wedge Samples, Rasheed M.A. Azzam

Electrical Engineering Faculty Publications

Given an arbitrarily cut uniaxial crystal wedge, a procedure is described using reflection perpendicular-incidence ellipsometry (PIE) for (1) locating the optic axis, and (2) determining the ordinary (N_o) and extraordinary (N_e) complex refractive indices. The optic axis is located by finding the principal directions of the two wedge faces and subsequently solving three spherical triangles. N_o and N_e are determined by two complex ratios of principal reflection coefficients (of light normally incident on and linearly polarized along the principal directions of each face) as measured by PIE. The solution for N_o and N …

Electron Densities In Laser-Triggered Hydrogen Sparks, S. K. Dhali, P. F. Williams, M. A. Gundersen, R. J. Crumley

P. F. (Paul Frazer) Williams Publications

We have used Stark broadening measurements of the H_β emission line to determine the temporally and spatially resolved electron density in laser-triggered hydrogen sparks. In this paper the results of this work are presented and compared with earlier work on conventional overvolted sparks.

Computer Aided Design For Fet Circuits, Iyad Ahmad Natour

Masters Theses

No abstract provided.

Inversion Of The Nonlinear Equations Of Reflection Ellipsometry For Uniaxial Crystals In Symmetrical Orientations, M. Elshazly-Zaghloul, R. M.A. Azzam

Electrical Engineering Faculty Publications

The complex ordinary (N_o) and extraordinary (N_e) refractive indices of an absorbing uniaxial crystal can be determined using reflection ellipsometry. The measurements are taken with the optic axis parallel and perpendicular to the crystal’s surface. The equations obtained are solved without resort to iterative methods; N_o and N_e are determined separately. Sixteen solution sets (N_o, N_e) are obtained and the correct solution can be easily identified. We present an optimum angle of incidence that minimizes the relative errors in N_o and N_e.

Eigensystem Assignment Using Singular Value Decomposition, Ronald Dean Alley

Electrical & Computer Engineering Theses & Dissertations

An interactive approach to computer-based control system design is formulated and presented. There are four key features to this approach. Singular value decomposition is used for several matrix operations, rather than Gaussian methods, for improved numerical accuracy. Dynamic memory allocation is implemented to reduce system core requirements for matrix storage. Interactive plant parameter modification is implemented to allow user interaction with the program~ reducing design time. Finally, disk input-output is minimized to increase response time.

This design system is demonstrated in examples in which distinct user specified eigenvalues are achieved, and eigenvectors close to a user specified set of eigenvectors~ …

New Infrared Laser Lines In Argon, Krypton, And Xenon, E. L. Brown, M. A. Gundersen, P. F. Williams

P. F. (Paul Frazer) Williams Publications

Fourteen new infrared laser transitions in Ar, Kr, and Xe ranging from 3.725 to 17.233 pm are reported. All of the Kr laser transitions and all but one of the Ar and Xe transitions have upper levels in the s or d state: the majority of the transitions satisfy the condition ΔK = ΔJ. Identification of a previously observed, unidentified laser line at 5.804 μm in Ar is given.

The Minimum Maximal-Cube Covering Approach To Switching Theory, Yu-Tsang Gene Hwang

Dissertations

This dissertation is devoted to the construction of a new algebraic structure for the K-map so that algorithms and theorems can be derived for the minimization of Boolean functions and at the same time provide for the manipulation of Boolean functions as freely as one could on the K-map.

Computer programs have been included to demonstrate the theory and numerous examples of various complexity have been worked out in the appendices.

A Microprocessor Based Digital Logic Simulator, Kevin Dresher

Theses

It is the intent of this thesis to acquaint the reader with a tool which is available for use in the digital circuit design field. The reader is now able to totally simulate via DLS the digital logic design he creates on paper before it ever takes a hardware form. The computer program accepts a detailed description of the schematic and creates timing diagrams, loading statistics, cross references, and various lists for future documentation.

The user needs no programming knowledge and will find the requirements to run a simulation with DLS extremely user oriented. The simulation descriptions and command language …

Vector Optimization Decision Convergence Algorithm (Vodca), Thomas Ward Morgan

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Many professions occasionally involve the selection of an alternative from among many problem solutions which have impacts in multiple-interest areas; however, due to the very nature of his work, the practicing engineer, regardless of specialty, is unavoidably engaged in this selection process. The emergence of national concern for environmental and social consequences of technical enterprises, as reflected through legislative action, has accentuated the need for multicriteria design methodologies in some areas of engineering (i.e., automotive). Consequently, interest in the development of pragmatic and theoretically sound approaches to multi-impact design situations has been keen. Any approach to multicriteria design/decision problems involves …

Polarization Characteristics Of Dye‐Laser Amplifiers I. Unidirectional Molecular Distributions, Lee W. Casperson, Kendall C. Reyzer

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Publications and Presentations

Many practical laser amplifiers exhibit anisotropic gain due to polarization of the pumping fields or to a fixed preferential alignment of the active dipoles. Several specific causes and consequences of gain anisotropy are discussed in detail. In the analysis, the emphasis is placed on dye‐laser systems including arbitrary amplitudes, phases, and polarizations of the pump and signal fields. Analytical results are presented for a unidrectional molecular distribution, and it is found that the polarization states of the pump and signal fields change with distance in the amplifier.

Polarization Characteristics Of Dye‐Laser Amplifiers Ii. Isotropic Molecular Distributions, Lee W. Casperson, Kendall C. Reyzer

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Publications and Presentations

In a previous study a general semiclassical formalism has been developed for lasers with arbitrary orientational distributions of the active molecules. Here that formalism is applied to the important case of an isotropic distribution of molecules, and this limit is especially relevant to liquid dye lasers. Extensive analytical and numerical results are presented for the polarization properties of such dye lasers. It is found that in general the polarization states of the pump and signal fields are coupled together and both change with distance in a laser amplifier.

A Dimensionality Reduction Algorithm For The Karhunen Loeve Transform, Salomi T. Charalambous

Computational Modeling & Simulation Engineering Theses & Dissertations

The Karhunen Loeve Transform has conclusively been shown to be the optimum data compression algorithm for signals belonging to the same second order stationary process. Consequently, researchers have been searching for a fast implementation for the transform. Fast imple­mentation methods similar to those developed for other orthogonal transforms are generally not applicable to the Karhunen Loeve Transform (KLT). Also, since the basis vectors composing the transformation matrix of the KLT are the eigenvectors of the covariance matrix of the input process, they must be computed first. The research re­ ported here is an attempt to reduce the dimensionality of the …

The Development Of A Stepped Frequency Microwave Radiometer And Its Application To Remote Sensing Of The Earth, Richard Forrest Harrington

Electrical & Computer Engineering Theses & Dissertations

The design, development, application, and capabilities of a variable frequency microwave radiometer are described. This radiometer has demonstrated the versatility, accuracy, and stability required to provide contributions to the geophysical understanding of ocean and ice processes. The design technique utilized a closed-loop feedback method, whereby noise pulses were added to the received electromagnetic radiation to achieve a null balance in a Dicke switched radiometer. Stability was achieved through the use of a constant temperature enclosure around the low loss microwave front end. The Dicke reference temperature was maintained to an absolute accuracy of 0.1 K using a closed-loop proportional temperature …

Atomic Hydrogen Storage, John A. Woollam

Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering: Faculty Publications

Atomic hydrogen, for use as a fuel or as an explosive, is stored in the presence of a strong magnetic field in exfoliated layered compounds such as molybdenum disulfide or an elemental layer material such as graphite. The compound is maintained at liquid temperatures and the atomic hydrogen is collected on the surfaces of the layered compound which are exposed during delamination (exfoliation). The strong magnetic field and the low temperature combine to prevent the atoms of hydrogen from recombining to form molecules.

Relativistic Scattered Wave Calculations On Uf6, David A. Case, Cary Y. Yang

Electrical and Computer Engineering

Self‐consistent Dirac–Slater multiple scattering calculations are presented for UF₆. These are the first such calculations to be reported, and the results are compared critically to other relativistic calculations. The results of all molecular orbital calculations are in good qualitative agreement, as measured by energy levels, population analyses, and spin–orbit splittings. The overall charge distribution is computed to be U^+1.5(F^−0.25)₆. Polarization functions are found to be qualitatively unimportant. A detailed comparison is made to the relativistic Xα (RXα) method of Wood and Boring, which also uses multiple scattering theory, but incorporates relativistic effects …

Laser Power Calculations: Sources Of Error, Lee W. Casperson

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Publications and Presentations

The physical phenomena that dominate the power characteristics of a laser depend on the detailed nature of the amplifying medium and the resonator structure. In predicting the power characteristics, numerous approximations are always required. The most important approximations are considered here in detail, and error estimates are presented so that a designer can select the appropriate model for a particular application. Emphasis is placed on analytic solutions and specific phenomena considered include longitudinal and transverse spatial hole burning, large single-pass gain, and mixed line broadening.

Optics At Texas Tech University: Learning By Doing, John F. Walkup, P. F. Williams, Martin A. Gundersen

P. F. (Paul Frazer) Williams Publications

In both the undergraduate and graduate educational programs of the Department of Electrical Engineering at Texas Tech University, students are strongly encouraged to learn by active participation. Both programs have benefited from a vigorous faculty involvement in a wide range of funded research projects in various areas of modern optics.

The Pattern Of Twos, Richard C. Heyser

Unpublished Writings

Rather than explaining the meanings behind the phases of sound measurement, Richard C. Heyser explains the relationships between these phases, which he calls the Pattern of Twos.

Reduction Of Capacitor Switching Transients By Controlled Closing, John Herman Brunke

Dissertations and Theses

This thesis presents the theory, analysis, testing and implementation of a scheme to reduce shunt compensation capacitor switching transients. The described method is switch the capacitors very near the instant when the bus voltage is at a power frequency zero. This was accomplished with a vacuum breaker on a 230 kV shunt capacitor bank.

Electronic Fuel Injection Techniques For Hydrogen Powered I.C. Engines, Art Maccarley, W. D. Van Vorst

Electrical Engineering

Numerous studies have demonstrated the advantages of hydrogen as a fuel for Otto Cycle engines due to high thermal efficiency and low exhaust pollutant levels. Characteristic of hydrogen engine operation using premixed intake charge formation is a problem of pre-ignition resulting in an intake manifold “backfire”. Additional problems include high NO_x production when using certain equivalence ratios and power output degradation due to low fuel energy/volume density.

Techniques for direct and port fuel injection are discussed as means for overcoming these problems. Emphasis is placed on the need for total engine control, integrating control of fuel injection, ignition timing, …

Ua35/11 Student Honors Bulletin, Wku Honors Program

WKU Administration Documents

Student research papers chosen by each college as best of the academic year.

• Bolte, William. Use of Government Documents in Small and Medium-Sized Libraries and Future Utilization Prospects
• Brevit, Valery. Development of the Concepts of Infinity
• Cook, Ken. KIM-1 Calculator Interface
• Irwin, Tom. Status Preservation in Three Characteristic Radical Right Groups
• Logan, Ben. Jungian Psychoanalysis of the Petrarchan Lover
• Moore, James Jr. Communication Problems and the Families of Schizophrenics
• Nash, Jeffrey. St. Luke as Historian
• Porto, Eugenia. In Defense of Camus
• Roberson, Philip. The Religious Thought of Rabindranath Tagore
• Wood, Irene. The Them of Incest in Dickens' Hard Times

A Multiprocessor System Using A Switch Matrix Configuration, Rabah Aoufi

Masters Theses

"This thesis describes a class of interconnection networks based on the use of a switch matrix to provide processor to memory communication. This switch allows a direct link between any processor to any memory module. The cost and performance of this network are analytically examined. The results are compared with those of a multiprocessor system using a time-shared bus configuration and it is shown that for the two extreme cases of maximum and minimum throughput, the two approaches are equivalent from a performance point of view. However, in the general case, even with a higher cost, the switch matrix provides …

Mti Improvement Factors For Weighted Dfts, Rodger E. Ziemer

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

The use of the discrete Fourier transform (DFT) to enhance the detection of moving targets in ground clutter is examined. The improvement factor, defined as the signal-to-clutter ratio at the DFT processor output compared with that of the input, is given as a function of normalized clutter spectral width for various weighting functions on the DFT input. The effect of quantization of the weights on the improvement factor is also examined. Copyright © 1980 by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc.

Surface Electromagnetic Wave Field Strength Measurements On Railroad Tracks, Brian C.H. Lai, Brian C.H. Lai, Charles A. Goben

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

This paper reports an experimental investigation of surface electromagnetic wave (SEW) energy distribution on railroad tracks. Radial field distribution of SEW on 112-lb/yd rails were examined utilizing a dipole diode detector. Laboratory and on-site measurements were made. The field strength distribution data at frequencies 3.000, 6.000, and 9.733 GHz show that the main part of the SEW TE mode energy (almost 90 percent) is on the head of the rail. Use of dielectric augmentation on the side of rails resulted in lower attenuation of the propagating SEW. Thick dielectric strip augmentation data shows enhancement of SEW propagation in agreement with …

A Survey And Analysis Of Electrical Engineering Curricula In Communications And Signal Processing, Rodger E. Ziemer, William H. Tranter

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

No abstract provided.

An Improved Technique For Calibrating And Testing Power System Generator Automatic Synchronizing And Speed Matching Relays, David C. Nagy, Earl F. Richards

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

The design of a unique special purpose instrument for calibrating and testing power system automatic synchronizing and speed matching relays is described. The unit is constructed using inexpensive integrated circuit components and provides a direct digital readout of slip frequency from 0.05 Hz to 0.50 Hz resolution and advance angle from 0 to 99.9 degrees with 0.1-degree resolution. This device eliminates the need for expensive test equipment previously required, expedites the test procedure and solves the problem of referencing against a variable bus frequency source. Copyright © 1980 by The Institute Of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc.