Digital Commons Network^™

Distribution System Protection With Decentralized Generation Introduced Into The System, Behruz Fardanesh, Earl F. Richards

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Cogeneration from renewable energy sources has been universally proposed as a partial alternative to the solution of our nation's energy problems. New technical, safety, and operational problems are introduced when this generation is placed into a distribution grid. Addressed is the problem of distribution system protection with the introduction of cogeneration sources and the changes and modifications which may be required in the application of present-day protection devices. A sample system is considered, and system protection and coordination with and without cogeneration has been calculated through a digital fault and system protection coordination program. The results indicate through the study …

Correction To “Two-Dimensional Markov Representations Of Sampled Images”, John A. Stuller

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

No abstract provided.

On The Relation Between Triangular Matrix Decomposition And Linear Interpolation, John A. Stuller

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

The December 1983 Letter by C. W. Therrien Concerning the Relation between Triangular Matrix Decomposition and Linear Prediction is Extended to Include Linear Interpolation. © 1984 IEEE

A Microprocessor-Controlled Message Display System, Paul D. Stigall, Brian E. Lenharth

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

No abstract provided.

Propagation Of Airy-Hermite-Gaussian Waveguide Modes In Free Space, Lee W. Casperson, O. M. Stafsudd, Leroy V. Sutter, Jonathan Gary Grossman

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Publications and Presentations

The cavity modes of metal strip waveguide lasers are most simply expressed in terms of Airy-Hermite-Gaussian functions. The free space propagation of the resulting beam modes has been examined, and both near- and far-field patterns have been calculated and measured. Phase plates may be useful for enhancing the far-field intensity.

Experimental Investigation Of The Field And Stray Losses Of The End Bells Of An Induction Motor, Hu Ming-Zheng, George Mcpherson

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

No abstract provided.

Radiation Damage To Gaas Solar Cells Including Isotropic Effects, Larry Victor Stock

Physics Theses & Dissertations

A model is developed for the short circuit current of a GaAs solar cell due to radiation (proton or electron) induced defects in the crystal structure. This model is verified by a comparison with proton and electron irradiation results. For electron radiation and energetic protons (energy> 10 MeV), it is found that the damage in the crystal is independent of the angle of incidence. On the other hand, for lower energy proton radiation, the damage as a function of cell thickness is highly dependent on incident angle and energy. The cell's response to low energy protons is strongly dependent on …

Decentralized Optimal Control With Application To Dynamic Routing In Computer Communication Networks, Ning Wang

Dissertations

This research considers the dynamic routing problem of computer communication networks in the framework of decentralized control theory. The routing dynamics are modeled in terms of a state equation with multiple controllers. Routing, or control of message flow, is formulated as an optimal control problem with multiple decision makers. Each decision maker may have access to different set of information and work cooperatively to optimize a common system performance index.

Necessary and sufficient conditions for optimality are derived for a system with a deterministic and a stochastic traffic patterns under a linear information structure and a quadratic performance index. The …

Lateral Coherence Of Aerosol-Scattered Laser Radiation, Donald D. Duncan, D. E. Larch

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Publications and Presentations

To assess the probability of detection (by interferometric techniques) of illumination by a coherent source, we characterize the lateral coherence of the off-axis aerosol scattered radiation by applying the van Cittert-Zernike theorem. We find that, for 1.061-pm radiation at a target range of 1 km, the scattered radiation beyond 3.5 cm off axis does not display appreciable lateral coherence.

Pseudo-Brewster And Second-Brewster Angles Of An Absorbing Substrate Coated By A Transparent Thin Film, R. M.A. Azzam, T F. Thonn

Electrical Engineering Faculty Publications

The pseudo-Brewster angle of minimum reflectance for the p polarization, the corresponding angle for thes polarization, and the second-Brewster angle of minimum ratio of the p and s reflectances are all determined as functions of the thickness of a transparent film coating an absorbing substrate by numerical solution of the exact equations that govern such angles of the form Re(Z′/Z) = 0, where Z = R_p, R_s, or ρ represent the complex amplitude-reflection coefficients for the p and s polarizations and their ratio (ρ =R_p/R_s), …

Photodetachment As A Control Mechanism For Diffuse Discharge Switches, Gerhard Schaefer, P. F. Williams, Karl H. Schoenbach, John T. Moseley

P. F. (Paul Frazer) Williams Publications

Photodetachment is considered as a control mechanism for diffuse discharge switches. Experiments have been performed on photodetachment of ions in the flowing afterglow of a dc glow discharge in oxygen. Experiments with different laser wavelengths and the dependence of the optogalvanic signal on the laser energy flux indicate that 0^- is the dominant negative ion. For an energy flux of 35 mJ/cm², 50 percent of the 0^- ions can be photodetached.

Limiting Efficiencies For Multiple Energy-Gap Quantum Devices, Cheng-Hsiao Wu, Richard M. Williams

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

We have used a thermodynamic model to calculate theoretical limiting efficiencies for simple and multiple gap solar cells. The limiting efficiency is 26% for a simple solar cell of hydrogenated amorphous silicon, operating at one Sun sensitivity. For a multiple gap cell made from hydrogenated amorphous silicon, together with a second cell, made from a material with lower band gap, it is 38%. The optimum band gap for the second material is 1.0 eV.

Spectral Analysis Of Brainstem Auditory Evoked Responses, Amir Hossein Massumkhani

Theses

In this study, the power spectrum density of the brainstem auditory evoked responses is estimated by the method of periodogram. Several techniques for reducing the leakage due to the finite length of data, smoothing the spectrum and reducing the ambiguity in the spectrum due to the resolution are studied. It is shown that a Hamming window reduces the leakage considerably and zero extention of the data to 512 points produces sufficient spectrum bandwidth. Three major peaks are observed at 100, 500, and 1000 Hz which are stable for different evoked responses. In one case with a delayed wave V, the …

Circuit Analysis Of A Gas Flow Switch, Teri Marie Owens

Electrical & Computer Engineering Theses & Dissertations

The circuit analysis of a gas flow switch is presented. The objective of the analysis is to model the switching process during spark gap breakdown. This information is useful in understanding switch operation and identifying ways to improve switch performance.

A lumped circuit model is used to describe a gas flow switch during the switching process. Certain circuit element values are determined experimentally through static tests. Other component values, including a time-varying switch resistance and inductance, are estimated from current measurements. In particular, unknown constants in expressions for gap resistance and inductance are determined using an iterative parameter estimation technique. …

Design Of Efficient Algorithms Through Minimization Of Data Transfers, Yong Mo Chong

Electrical & Computer Engineering Theses & Dissertations

This thesis explores the time optimal implementation of computational graphs on a finite register machine. The implementation fully exploits the machine architecture, especially, the number of registers. The derived algorithms allow one to obtain time efficient implementations of a given graph in machines with a known number of registers.

These optimization procedures are applied to digital signal processing graphs. It is shown that the regular structure of these graphs allows one to identify computational kernels which, when used repeatedly, can cover the entire graph. The l- and r-register implementations of Hadamard and Fast Fourier Transforms using various computational kernels are …

Chebyshev Method Solution Of The Time-Dependent Transport Equation To Describe The Scattering Of Gaussian Plane Wave Pulses, Jonqpyng Yuan

Theses

Millimeter-wave propagation in vegetation (forests) is studied using transport theory. A periodic sequence of gaussian plane wave pulses is assumed to enter a forest. The forest is first modeled as a slab and then treated as a half-space by letting the thickness of the slab go to infinity. The forest is assumed to consist of a random distribution of particles which scatters energy isotropically. The time dependent equation of radiative transfer in such a scattering and absorbing medium is solved by using Chebyshev polynomials as basis functions for series expansions of the diffuse or incoherent intensity. This choice of basis …

Data Acquisition And Parameter Identification In Electro-Oculography, Wolfgang Poelzleitner

Theses

Electro-Oculography (EOG) is used in clinical ophthalmology to measure the time response of the corneoretinal potential (CRP) to changes in light intensity. An automatized data acquisition and system modeling link has been developed that significantly reduces processing time presently required for EOG. The data acquisition is performed on a microprocessor based instrument, which supervises the EOG-test, measures the potential and, after completion of the test, transfers the results to a mainframe computer. Parameter identification routines provide graphical representation and mathematical models for the CRP. Both nonlinear curve fitting methods and Least Squares System Identification schemes are used.

Self‐Refraction Of Nonlinear Capillary‐Gravity Waves, Partha P. Banerjee, Adrianus Korpel, Karl E. Lonngren

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Publications

Self‐refraction effects have been observed during the propagation of deep‐water capillary‐gravity waves. The observations are shown to be in qualitative agreement with the theory of self‐focusing and defocusing in a cubically nonlinear medium in the presence of diffraction.

Explicit Equations For The Second Brewster Angle Of An Interface Between A Transparent And An Absorbing Medium, R. M.A. Azzam

Electrical Engineering Faculty Publications

The second Brewster angle _ΦB2, at which the ratio R_p/R_s of intensity reflectances R_p and R_s for the parallel (p) and the perpendicular (s) polarizations of a dielectric-conductor interface reaches a minimum, is determined by Im[(u - ∊)(u - ∊)²/(u - 2∊)²] = 0, where ∊ is the complex ratio of dielectric constants of the media of refraction and incidence, ∊ = ∊/(∊ + 1), and u= sin²_ΦB2. An equivalent quartic equation in u …

Simple And Direct Determination Of Complex Refractive Index And Thickness Of Unsupported Or Embedded Thin Films By Combined Reflection And Transmission Ellipsometry At 45° Angle Of Incidence, R. M.A. Azzam

Electrical Engineering Faculty Publications

Measurements of the polarization states (represented by complex numbers X_r and X_t, respectively) of light reflected and transmitted by an unsupported or embedded thin film, for totally polarized light (with nonzero p and s components) incident at 45°, permit simple, direct, and explicit determination of the film's complex refractive index N₁ independently of film thickness or input polarization. If α = X_r/X_t, we find that α = r_s + r_s^-1, where r_s is Fresnel’s complex reflection coefficient of the ambient-film interface for the s polarization at …

Experiments Conducted On The Electron Beam Produced By A Dense Plasma Focus, Mark Steven Pronko

Electrical & Computer Engineering Theses & Dissertations

An experimental investigation was conducted using a 34-kJ Dense Plasma Focus (DPF) in which the possible enhancement of the electron beam was addressed. Electron beams ejected from the DPF have been observed to exceed 30 kA with pulse durations of a few nanoseconds. Enhancement was considered to be either an increase in the probability that the peak beam current exceeded some lower limit, or an increase in the mean energy of the beam electrons. The investigation was divided into two parts, each addressing one of the aspects of enhancement.

In the first part of the investigation, an axial magnetic field …

Maximum Minimum Reflectance Of Parallel-Polarized Light At Interfaces Between Transparent And Absorbing Media, R. M.A. Azzam

Electrical Engineering Faculty Publications

The pseudo-Brewster angle Ø_pB, of minimum reflectance R_pm for the parallel (p) polarization, of an interface between a transparent and an absorbing medium is determined by Im{(∊ - u)[1 - (1 + ∊^-1)u]²} = 0, where ∊ is the complex ratio of dielectric constants of the media and u = sin²ø_pB. It is shown that, for a given value of the normal-incidence amplitude reflectance |r|, there is an associated normal-incidence phase shift, δ = δ_mm, that leads to maximum minimum parallel reflectance, …

Optimization Of A New Linear Fm Detector Using Digital Signal Processing Techniques, Edward J.A. Kratt

Dissertations

This dissertation describes and synthesizes a new member of the family of FM detectors introduced earlier by Klapper and Kratt. A salient property of these detectors is low delay with excellent sensitivity. The emphasis in the new detector is on the ease of digital implementation. In addition, the new detector is also extremely linear. In congruence with the other Klapper-Kratt detectors, it makes use of zero group delay elements, balance at RF, quasi-synchronous detection and carrier cancellation. The Performance of the detector is mathematically analyzed under the conditions of a modulated input wave, sinewave [sic] interference, and noise. The results …

Application Of Fuzzy Theory To Pattern Recognition, David Usechak

Dissertations

Piecewise curve approximation is used to describe boundaries of objects in pictures and waveforms. The method consists of linear and quadratic piecewise polynomial approximations in which the error must not exceed a predetermined cost threshold. A fuzzy Bayes model is used to determine if a breakpoint exists within an interval I_n or between intervals I_n and I_n+1 and to determine whether these intervals can be merged for data compaction reasons. In order to achieve these objectives a new fast algorithm has been proposed which gives good curve/object fitting. This algorithm uses a technique for generating generalized inverse …

An Experimental System For Observation Of The Rat Coronary Microcirculation Using Digital Image Processing, Wolfgang Braun

Theses

A system was constructed which allows direct observation of the coronary microcirculation of the beating rat heart. An EKG triggered strobe is used on the microscope light source to "stop" the action of the beating heart so the surface microvessels can be observed di rectly under the microscope. Experimental results are recorded on videotape and played back for frame-by-frame analysis of the data using digital Image processing techniques such as digital filtering, image extraction, image enhancement and edge detection.

The application of image enhancement techniques (high order and low order enhancement methods ) as well as edge detection using a …

Gallium Nitride Film Deposition By Ionized Cluster Beam Epitaxy, Ghulum Bakiri

Theses

An experimental Ionized Cluster Beam System similar in design to the one developed at Kyoto University in Japan was. designed and constructed in the Microelectronics Laboratory at NJIT. This involved making the working drawings, having the parts machined and then assembling the system in a vacuum system together with the necessary variable power supplies, meters, controls, gas inlets, cooling water connections, etc.

Eleven deposition runs were then attempted to grow gallium nitride utilizing the system constructed. In a typical deposition run, gallium was vaporized from a boron nitride crucible at 1000° C and allowed to expand through a 0.5 mm …

Dependence Of The Conduction Properties Of Annealed Films Of (Hg0.8,Cd0.2)Te On Sputter Deposition And Annealing Parameters, Chia-Jen Wu

Theses

The dependence on annealing parameters of the electrical properties of ten micron thick, (Hg_0.8,0d0.₂)Te films triode-sputtered onto silicon substrates with (111) surface orientation, was studied. The films held positioned in a quartz tube were annealed for 48-54 hours in zone furnace. The film temperature was chosen to be between 230 and 350°C and the Hg pressure was varied between 36 to 620 mmHg. The annealed films were characterized on the basis of free carrier concentrations and carrier mobilities measured by the Hall-effect at temperatures between 94 and 300 degree Kelvin and with magnetic fields between 0.165 …

A Parameter Identification System For The Human Visual Evoked Response, Robert Kalle Michaels

Theses

The Human Visual Evoked Response (VER) provides a useful tool for analyzing an individual's visual system. However, mere inspection of the signal may not always be the best way to make a diagnosis of the patient. To aid in this diagnosis a parameter identification system has been developed which fits the response to an analog model. The development of the model was based on the results of a survey of previous work in the field. Data were acquired from a data acquisition/processing system developed at the New Jersey University of Medicine and Dentistry and the Eye Institute of New Jersey. …

Automated Instrumentation System For Studies Of Metabolic Rates In Rats, Suhas P. Pathak

Theses

The task of the instrumentation system is to measure the respiratory exchange in rats in a controlled experiment. Air is drawn at a predeter-mined rate in and out of rat chambers. The proportion of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the ensuing air indicates the respiratory rate of the rat. The entire operation is controlled by a microcomputer whose most important functions are: to direct the flow of air through the rat chambers by switching valves; and to collect data about the percentages of gases in question.

Thus with the help of a computer it is possible to monitor and control …

Investigation Of The Behavior Of Ferromagnetic Liquids In Magnetic Fields, Avinash Narcinva Velingker

Theses

Ferromagnetic liquids are superparamagnetic in character possessing paramagnetic as well as an almost loose ferromagnetic behavior. The magnetization response has been treated by classical mathematical techniques and computer methods for different excitation functions.

Also, experimental work has been carried out to study the gyromagnetic phenomenon exhibited by ferric fluids when subjected to external magnetic fields. The experimental set-up consists of a solenoid wound around a glass tube channel through which ferrofluid can be circulated at different velocities. The experimental results revealed that saturation occurs at certain level as the field intensity is increased and prior to this point, resonance takes …