Digital Commons Network^™

Dynamic Focal Loss Adjustment For Railway Defect Detection, Mehmet Koç, Ridvan Özdemi̇r, Ömer Gerek

Turkish Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences

Railway infrastructure is critical to the safe and efficient operation of transportation systems, and the early detection of defects is essential for preventing catastrophic failures. Automated defect detection methods are therefore crucial for maintaining continuous safety while reducing maintenance costs. Although Focal Loss is widely used in object detection under class-imbalanced conditions, its fixed α parameter may limit its effectiveness in detecting rare defects. In this study, we propose an adaptive α-tuned Focal Loss approach that dynamically adjusts class weights based on average precision (AP) values. By iteratively optimizing α without relying on gradient-based optimization, the proposed method improves the …

Relative Rate Observer-Based Online Tuning Mechanism For Single-Input Interval Type-2 Fuzzy Pid Controllers, Oqba Aldreiei, Cenk Ulu, Mert Can Kurucu, Müjde Güzelkaya

Turkish Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences

The characteristics of the footprint of uncertainty (FOU) in interval type-2 membership functions (IT2-MFs) are crucial to the performance and robustness of interval type-2 fuzzy controllers (IT2-FCs). However, existing IT2-FC design approaches mostly use fixed FOU structures. This study proposes an online membership function (MF) adjustment mechanism for a single-input interval type-2 fuzzy PID controller (SIT2-FPID)  that adjusts the FOU of the antecedent MFs and weights of the consequent MFs, respectively, to achieve high performance and robustness. The proposed online adjustment mechanism consists of a relative rate observer (RRO), a two-input rule-base adjustment system, and a first-order smoothing filter. The …

Cuip-X25: A Real-World Network Intrusion Dataset For Next-Generation Ai-Driven Security, Arshad Iqbal, Sohail Asghar

Turkish Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences

The efficacy of artificial intelligence (AI) in intrusion detection systems (IDS) is critically dependent on high-fidelity training data. However, as detailed in the manuscript's literature review, existing benchmark datasets are predominantly synthetic, outdated, or imbalanced and fail to capture the complexity of the contemporary threat landscape. To bridge this gap, this study introduces CUIP-X25, a novel real-world cyber-attack dataset captured over a four-month period using a dionaea honeypot deployed on a public network. Unlike synthetic alternatives, this dataset provides an authentic representation of modern adversarial tactics, techniques, and procedures, encompassing 3.16 million real events across ten distinct attack categories, including …

Robust Load Frequency Control For Multiarea Electrical Power Systems Via Analytical Proportional-Integral-Derivative Plus Second Order Derivative Controller Design, Yavuz Güler, Mustafa Nalbantoğlu, Ibrahim Kaya

Turkish Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences

This research presents a proportional-integral-derivative plus second order derivative (PIDD2) controller design based on the Direct Synthesis Method (DSM) for load frequency control (LFC) of interconnected power systems. The parameters of the proposed PIDD2 controller are determined using the DSM, which offers an analytical approach for tuning. The design approaches have been developed specifically for single, two, and three-area power systems, encompassing nonreheated and reheated thermal turbines. In the proposed design method, the best values of PIDD2 controller parameters were found by using a multicriteria objective function that includes the integral of absolute error (IAE) and settling time. In response …

Boundary Layer Sliding Mode Control Strategy For Variable-Speed Compressor In Deep Freezers: Experimental Validation Of Energy Efficiency And Freezing Capacity, Sertan Aksoy, Kami̇l Çeti̇n, Sezai̇ Taşkin

Turkish Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences

This study presents the design and experimental validation of a nonlinear sliding mode controller developed for a deep freezer equipped with a variable-speed compressor. The proposed control strategy aims to minimize energy consumption while maintaining rapid and stable cooling performance under varying ambient conditions. A detailed thermal model of the deep freezer was established using an equivalent resistance–capacitance network representation, enabling precise analysis of temperature dynamics. The sliding mode-based control algorithm dynamically adjusts the compressor’s operating frequency according to temperature deviation, ambient conditions, and time-dependent factors, providing robust performance without requiring parameter retuning for different models. Beyond theoretical-based analysis, a …

Empowering Edge Intelligence Through Reparameterized Lightweight Transformers And Distributed Inference, Hosein Esmaeili, Mohammad Ali Afshar Kazemi, Reza Radfar, Nazanin Pilevari

Turkish Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences

Deploying advanced transformer-based models on resource-constrained edge devices remains a significant challenge due to their high memory footprint and substantial compute requirements. In this paper, we propose a reparameterized transformer framework that integrates High-Rank Factorization (HRF) during training, layer merging at inference, and dynamic, load-balanced distributed inference across multiple devices. To further reduce resource usage, our framework supports mixed-precision quantization down to 4-bit, enabling flexible accuracy–latency–energy trade-offs. Experimental evaluations on the ESC-50 environmental sound dataset demonstrate that our method matches or exceeds the performance of larger baseline models while using 20–30% fewer parameters, achieving up to 48% latency reduction in …

Measurement-Aware Zero-Phase Iterative Learning Control For Robust Regulation Of Nonideal Boost Converters In Electric Vehicle Fast Charging, Aytaç Altan, Mohammed S. Alzaidi, Cağfer Yanarateş

Turkish Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences

Integrating battery energy storage with DC-DC boost converters for electric vehicle fast charging exposes the regulator to ageing-induced parameter drift, periodic load pulses, and, critically, the nonidealities in the output-voltage sensing chain. This paper proposes a measurement-aware, zero-phase iterative learning control scheme for robust output-voltage regulation of a nonideal boost converter whose parameters are matched to those of a commercial Texas Instruments TPS6102x battery regulator. The controller combines an inner proportional-integral stabilizing loop with an outer zero-phase learning law that updates a feedforward correction based on the sensor-captured output trajectory; a forward-backward robustness filter suppresses the amplification of measurement noise …

A Binary Multiobjective Hippopotamus Optimization Algorithm For Feature Selection In Phishing Website Detection, Fatima Belmessaoud, Sofiane Maza, Djaafar Zouache

Turkish Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences

Phishing website detection remains a major challenge in cybersecurity as attackers continuously develop new techniques to deceive users. Identifying the most informative features from large datasets is essential to improve classification accuracy while reducing computational complexity. Feature selection is therefore widely addressed using metaheuristic optimization techniques due to their flexibility and global search capability. In this study, we propose a Binary Multiobjective Hippopotamus Optimization Algorithm (B-MOHOA) for feature selection in phishing website detection. The proposed method simultaneously optimizes two conflicting objectives: maximizing classification accuracy and minimizing the number of selected features. Unlike many existing studies that mainly focus on transfer …

Range–Angle-Dependent Oam Beamforming With A Concentric Helical Circular Fda, Uğur Yeşi̇lyurt

Turkish Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences

Secure and spatially selective wireless transmission requires orbital angular momentum (OAM) beams that are confined to a specific range and angle, rather than propagating indefinitely along the beam axis. In this paper, a concentric helical circular frequency diverse array (CHCFDA) is proposed to generate range–angle-dependent OAM beams without requiring external phase shifters. The helical element positioning inherently provides the necessary interelement phase distribution through physical step height, while logarithmically increasing frequency offsets are applied across concentric rings—and optionally across individual elements—to eliminate range periodicity and achieve a single, well-focused OAM beam exclusively at the target location. Both linear and logarithmic …

When Does Global Search Pay For Itself? A Measured Exploration Cost And Energy Break-Even Analysis Of A Metaheuristic Search Controller In Solar Energy Systems, Mohamed Ali Muammar Ezgour

Communications of the IIMA

Autonomous energy systems increasingly delegate the choice of operating point to embedded search algorithms, trading a fast local optimizer that can settle on a wrong point against a slower global search that guarantees the right one at a measurable cost. This paper reframes maximum power point tracking under partial shading as that decision and measures its economics on a fixed photovoltaic plant in MATLAB/Simulink. A Hippopotamus Optimization global search handed over to incremental conductance is compared with incremental conductance alone across seventeen initial duty cycles and thirty random seeds. The hybrid reached the global peak in all thirty seeds, whereas …

Ai-Based Displacement Forecasting For Real-Time Landslide Risk Assessment In The Danube Region, Amina Čehaja, Asja Muharemović, Jasmin Kevrić, Dejan Jokić, Mirza Ponjavić

Communications of the IIMA

This paper presents a dual-layered AI framework for real-time landslide risk assessment developed under the GeoNetSee project within the Interreg Danube Region Programme. The first layer employs a fuzzy logic model, inspired by the Slovenian MASPREM system, which integrates Landslide Susceptibility Maps (LSS) with high-resolution precipitation forecasts from the Open-Meteo API to generate a Predicted Landslide Hazard (PLSH) score on a 0–5 scale, updated every 6–12 hours. The second layer focuses on real-time ground displacement detection by fusing low-cost dual-frequency GNSS receivers with MEMS accelerometers and applying machine learning regression algorithms, including Support Vector Regression (SVR), Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM), …

The Evolution Of Reliability Methods For Nondestructive Evaluation (Nde): From Probability Of Detection (Pod) Conception To Contemporary Practices, Christine E. Knott, Jennifer Brown, John Aldrin, Christine M. Schubert Kabban

Faculty Publications

Nondestructive evaluation (NDE) methods are powerful tools for detecting and characterizing flaws in structural components, but their reliability must be evaluated before they can be used in critical applications. For more than 50 years, probabilistic and statistical methods have been used effectively to estimate reliability by describing an NDE system’s Probability of Detection (POD) for flaws of realistic sizes. The POD methods used by the USAF and NASA, like Hit/Miss, Signal-Response (â vs. a), and Point Estimate method (PEM, a.k.a. 29/29) have evolved, alongside newer approaches like Limited Sample POD (LS-POD) method, and Model Assisted Probability of Detection …

Harmonicthreads: A Formative Evaluation Of A Fabric-Based Digital Musical Instrument Toward Inclusive Music-Making, Ellie Nguyen, Franceli L. Cibrian

Engineering Faculty Articles and Research

Background:

Inclusive music-making requires instruments that support varied bodies, abilities, musical backgrounds, and forms of participation. Digital musical instruments provide diverse approaches to sound creation, and fabric-based interfaces offer an alternative interaction modality that may support participation for some users and contexts. Their tactile and deformable properties enable forms of interaction that differ from conventional rigid or screen-based controllers and may offer inclusive possibilities in particular settings.

Objective:

This paper presents HarmonicThreads as a formative interaction-design case of a fabric-based digital musical instrument. The prototype explores how tactile cues, fabric deformation, projected visual feedback, and assisted accompaniment can support low-barrier …

Finite-Time Braiding Dynamics Within Topological Nanowire Qubits, Adrian D. Scheppe, Michael V. Pak

Faculty Publications

Topological quantum computing has largely evolved toward a paradigm of manipulating edge-localized Majorana within p-wave topological superconducting nanowires. To bridge the gap between physical qubit systems and quantum algorithms, we perform a dynamical analysis to extend what is known in the adiabatic regime, providing time-dependent gate elements for further qubit and algorithm modeling efforts. Our analysis covers dynamical considerations for two methods of shuttling domain edge bound Majoranas in a single nanowire system, which both function by applying spatiotemporally dependent onsite and hopping parameters within the system’s Hamiltonian. We then complicate this model by converting it into the T-qubit to …

Coverage-Aware Gradient-Boosted Intrusion Detection For Smart-Meter Distributed Denial-Of-Service Resilience, Harsh Kumar, Sanjeev Kumar

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Publications

Advanced metering infrastructure (AMI) relies on continuous communication among smart meters, gateways, routers, and utility monitoring systems, increasing exposure to distributed denial-of-service (DDoS) traffic. This study presents a system-level intrusion-detection methodology integrating coverage-aware sensor placement with leakage-controlled gradient-boosted classification. The contribution lies in combining monitoring visibility, training-only feature sanitization, duplicate and cross-partition overlap removal, false-positive-constrained threshold selection, repeated external testing, and a validated feature-budget mode. Seventeen CIC-DDoS2019 parquet files were analyzed. After removing conflicting labels, exact duplicate feature vectors, and 4,666 testing records overlapping the training partition, the final dataset contained 121,088 training records and 297,790 external testing records with …

The Sliding Aperture Transform: A Mathematical Method Applied To Radiation-Induced Dlts Capacitance Transients, Md Abu Bakkar Siddique

Graduate Masters Theses

This thesis presents the Sliding Aperture Transform (SLAPt), a novel mathematical technique for extracting exponential argument and pre-factor  from experimental data. The method transforms measured waveforms into an inverse-domain representation where exponential decay processes appear as distinct peaks, simplifying data analysis and reducing the effects of baseline offsets and noise. The technique is here applied to time dependent capacitance transients associated with irradiated and non-irradiated silicon pn junction diodes. The technique is further developed and applied to positive argument exponentials using an axillary function. This allows forward bias  current-voltage measurements, and forward pulse-bias current transient measurements to be SLAP analyzed, …

Determination Of The Content Of Water-Soluble Vitamins In The Composition Of Beet Beetroot Composition, Jasur Esirgapovich Safarov, Shakhnoza Abduvaxitovna Sultanova, Muhammad Rasul Oglu Najafli, Doston Ishmuhammat Ugli Samandarov

Chemical Technology, Control and Management

The aim of this study was to determine the content of water-soluble vitamins in various parts of beetroot (pulp, leaves and stems) that had been subjected to various drying methods in a bid to explore the effect of physical processes, i.e., the application of ultrasound, on micronutrient preservation. The experiments were performed at the Department of Service Technologies of Tashkent State Technical University, and chromatographic analysis was performed in the Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan. Chromatography was performed on Agilent-1200 chromatograph with Exlipse XDB C18 column and diode array detector using …

Development And Uncertainty Assessment Of Secondary Method For Ph Measurement In Physicochemical Measurements, Sarvar Rakhmatullaev, Dostonbek Xujakulov, Mohinur Nigmatova

Chemical Technology, Control and Management

In physicochemical measurements across various industries, laboratory analyses commonly require the determination of pH as an indicator of hydrogen ion activity in aqueous solutions. Ensuring the accuracy and reliability of these measurements, obtaining precise readings from pH measuring instruments, and maintaining overall measurement quality represent critical challenges in guaranteeing the safety of both products and processes. This requires constant monitoring, accuracy assessment, calibration, metrological verification, and control of measuring instruments. In this case, it should be carried out not with solutions prepared in any laboratory, but with certified reference materials (СRM) with appropriate regulatory framework, ensuring metrological observation. …

Robust-Adaptive Estimation Of Unmeasurable States And External Disturbances Of A Dynamic Object Based On An Augmented Kalman Filter, Husan Igamberdiev, Uktam Farkhodovich Mamirov, Lu Liu, Bohong Wang, Bunyod Buronov

Chemical Technology, Control and Management

The paper addresses the problem of joint estimation of the directly unmeasurable states of a dynamic object and of external disturbances when information is available only on the control inputs and on the measured output signals. To solve this problem, a robust-adaptive algorithm based on an augmented Kalman filter is proposed, in which the external disturbance is included in the extended state vector. Two operating modes of the algorithm are considered. For slowly varying disturbances, a random-walk model with a constant process-noise covariance is used, whereas for rapidly varying inputs a signal adaptation  driven by the normalized innovation is proposed. …

Analysis Of The Throttle Settings Under Uncertain Information, Latafat Gardashova, Nihad Afandi

Chemical Technology, Control and Management

Although classical fuzzy logic controllers are capable of modelling non-linear control systems, they fail to consider the reliability of linguistic information, sensor measurements, and expert knowledge. In this paper, an intelligent controller based on the use of Z-numbers is developed for steam-turbine throttle control. Linguistic information and its confidence degree are considered simultaneously in such a controller. The temperature and pressure values are taken as input variables, while the throttle rotation is selected as the controller output variable. At first, the Z-number representation system is constructed to include the credibility of linguistic measurements and control rules. Then, a Mamdani Type-1 …

Nonlinear System Identification Based On Fuzzy Radial Basis Neural Network With Multi-Connected Weight Connections, Kabul Khudaybergenov

Chemical Technology, Control and Management

This paper builds on our earlier radial basis function network with multiple connections (RBFMC) by placing it within a fuzzy inference framework for nonlinear system identification. The idea is inspired by the diversity of neurotransmitters found in biological neurons: instead of a single hidden-to-output weight, RBFMC gives each hidden unit a multi-dimensional connection whose components act as independent filters. Once fuzzy logic is added, each hidden neuron becomes a fuzzy rule, and its antecedent is built from several Gaussian membership functions, one per connection. The resulting Fuzzy RBFMC produces an interpretable, multi-filter description of local regions of the input space …

One Size Does Not Fit All: Revisiting World Models And Neurosymbolic Ai, Amit P. Sheth, Madhur Thareja, Anushka Pawar, Niyati Rawal

Publications

World models are being built twice, from opposite ends, without a shared theory of how the two halves should meet. One lineage grounds the world model in perception: a self-supervised, latent-predictive encoder – exemplified by Joint Embedding Predictive Architectures (JEPA) – that learns the structure of sensory experi-ence. A second, older lineage grounds the world model in cognition: an explicit, inspectable structure of entities, rules, and constraints, ranging from knowledge graphs to formal logic to physical law. Neither lineage alone has produced a world model that is simultane-ously adaptive and auditable. We argue this is not solved by picking a …

Neural Network Driven By Electrochemical Performance Data For Predicting The Discharge Termination Time Of Seawater Electrolyte-Based Metal-Air Batteries, Peng-Peng Shen, Yi-Chi Pan, Yu-Rong Liu, Lu-Dan Zhang, Ning Niu, Guan-Jun Wang, De-Kun Yang, Xin-Long Tian, Peng Rao

Journal of Electrochemistry

Seawater electrolyte-based metal-air batteries exhibit great promise for marine energy supply systems. However, conventional statistical analysis methods, though applicable to seawater metal-air battery lifetime prediction, have inherent limitations of insufficient prediction accuracy and large error. Herein, a deep time-series regression framework based on InceptionTime and incorporating prior-biased attention pooling is proposed to construct a nonlinear mapping between electrochemical performance sequences and the discharge termination time of catalysts. Specifically, chronoamperometric profiles are employed to extract long-term stability features, while prior knowledge derived from linear sweep voltammetry is introduced to strengthen the attention weighting over critical potential regions. Under a nested leave-one-catalyst-out …

Microwave-Assisted Synthesis Of Core-Shell Structured Pd@Pdptcufe Recessed Truncated Octahedral Nanocrystals For Multifunctional Electrocatalysis, De-Zhong Hu, Wen-Dan Jiang, Wei Keat Ng, Jun Yang, Xiong-Wu Kang

Journal of Electrochemistry

Developing cost-efficient and durable multifunctional electrocatalysts of hydrogen evolution reaction, oxygen reduction reaction and oxygen evolution reaction is crucial for improving energy conversion efficiency in electrolytic water splitting electrolyzer and advancing rechargeable zinc-air batteries. Polyhedral shaped nanocrystals with well-defined crystal facets represent a type of model catalysts that enables the exploration of structure-activity relationships. However, it is still very challenging to prepare alloy nanocrystals with multiple metal components due to their complicated redox potentials and mixing enthalpy. Herein, we report a rapid microwave-assisted polyol reduction method for syntheses of core-shell Pd@PdPtCu, Pd@PdPtCuNi, Pd@PdPtCuCo and Pd@PdPtCuZn octahedral nanocrystals, and recessed truncated-octahedral …

Ensuring Safety In Battery Management Systems: A Control Barrier Function Approach, Magdalena Kossek

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Safe and efficient operation of batteries is paramount to extending their lifespan and ensuring reliability in battery management systems. This work presents a new approach for maximizing safety and performance of lithium-ion batteries in a variety of applications with a view towards efficiency in computation. The aim is to maximize a battery’s output (its power, speed of charging, and overall efficiency) while preserving its longevity and ensuring operational safety. This challenge is tackled by developing a novel control algorithm for advanced lithium-ion battery management leveraging control barrier functions (CBFs) to ensure safe and efficient operation during fast charging and discharging. …

Techno-Economic Analysis Of Implementing Carbon Capture And Storage (Ccs) At The Punagaya 2×100 Mw Coal Power Plant, Ricky Andreas Kristianto Siringoringo, Rahma Muthia, Widodo Wahyu Purwanto

Journal of Materials Exploration and Findings

The increase in greenhouse gases due to the combustion of fossil fuels is one of the major drivers of global warming and consequently drives the development of low-carbon technologies such as Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS). The aim of this study is to evaluate the technical and economical feasibility of the implementation of CCS technology in the Punagaya Subcritical Coal-Fired Power Plant (CFPP) 2×100 MW as a part of the energy transition strategy towards Net Zero Emissions (NZE) 2060. The simulation was carried out using Aspen HYSYS software, including coal combustion, CO₂ capture through MDEA-PZ solvent, dehydration, transportation, and storage …

Flexible Power Point Tracking For Active Frequency Regulation In Grid-Connected Photovoltaic Power Plants, Castor K. Haule, Sophia D. Kigodi, Emmanuel S. Matee, Francis Mwasilu

Tanzania Journal of Science

The increasing penetration of photovoltaic (PV) systems into modern power grids necessitates advanced control strategies capable of supporting grid stability. Traditional PV systems rely on Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) to maximize energy extraction, limiting their ability to participate in grid-support functions such as frequency regulation or power curtailment. This paper presents a flexible power point tracking (FPPT) control strategy that enables PV systems to operate at arbitrary points along the power–voltage (P–V) curve. A multi-mode power management scheme is proposed, integrating conventional Perturb and Observe (P&O) MPPT with FPPT, allowing the system to switch dynamically between energy maximization and …

Design And Characterization Of A 3d-Printed Dual Stacked Patch Antenna With Tunable Coupling For Uav Applications, Isabelle Lynn Brigman

Masters Theses

Antennas are a critical component of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) communication systems where compact size, light weight, and reliable operation across multiple frequency bands are critical. While microstrip patch antennas are attractive for UAV applications due to their low profile, low cost, and ease of fabrication, they are often limited by narrow bandwidth and fixed-frequency operation. To address these limitations, this thesis investigates a mechanically and electrically reconfigurable dual-stacked patch antenna fabricated using additive manufacturing techniques.

The proposed antenna consists of a slotted driven patch operating near 2.5 GHz with a second resonant mode near 5 GHz. A parasitic patch …

Characterization Of An Ambe Tagged Neutron Source For A 30-Ton Wbls Detector, Rylee Grover

Discovery Day - Daytona Beach

Understanding the detection capabilities of water-based liquid scintillator (WbLS) is critical for its deployment in next-generation neutrino detectors such as THEIA and Phase II of the Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE). This study focuses on the characterization and alignment testing of an Americium-Beryllium (AmBe) radioactive neutron source. We plan to dope the 30-ton WbLS detector at Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL) with Gadolinium (Gd) to improve neutron detection capabilities. This will be tested by the implementation of an AmBe source as a calibration metric. The AmBe source emits neutrons coincident with a 4.4 MeV gamma ray, making it possible to perform …

Lightweight Uav-To-Uav Detection And Tracking For Advanced Air Mobility Applications, Taylor Hostetter

Discovery Day - Daytona Beach

Lightweight UAV-to-UAV Detection and Tracking for Advanced Air Mobility Applications addresses the significant challenge of reliable UAV-to-UAV detection on resource-constrained platforms, particularly within Advanced Air Mobility (AAM) environments where dense, low-altitude airspace requires robust detect-and-avoid capabilities. This work presents the development and experimental evaluation of a lightweight detection and tracking framework for autonomous detect-and-avoid applications. The approach is designed to support real-time onboard operation in multi-vehicle environments characteristic of emerging AAM systems. The proposed framework integrates optical and LiDAR sensing with a low-complexity machine learning decision-support layer that reduces false detections without replacing the underlying control-oriented detection pipeline. This design …