Digital Commons Network^™

Protocols For Disease Classification From Mass Spectrometry Data, Michael Wagner, Dayanand Naik, Alex Pothen

Mathematics & Statistics Faculty Publications

We report our results in classifying protein matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionizationtime of flight mass spectra obtained from serum samples into diseased and healthy groups. We discuss in detail five of the steps in preprocessing the mass spectral data for biomarker discovery, as well as our criterion for choosing a small set of peaks for classifying the samples. Cross-validation studies with four selected proteins yielded misclassification rates in the 10-15% range for all the classification methods. Three of these proteins or protein fragments are down-regulated and one up-regulated in lung cancer, the disease under consideration in this data set. When cross-validation studies …

A Simple Quantum Mechanical Treatment Of Scattering In Nanoscale Transistors, Rajesh Venugopal, Magnus Paulsson, Sebastien Goasguen, Supriyo Datta, Mark S. Lundstrom

Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Publications

We present a computationally efficient, two-dimensional quantum mechanical simulation scheme for modeling dissipative electron transport in thin body, fully depleted, n-channel, silicon-on-insulator transistors. The simulation scheme, which solves the nonequilibrium Green’s function equations self consistently with Poisson’s equation, treats the effect of scattering using a simple approximation inspired by the “Büttiker probes,” often used in mesoscopic physics. It is based on an expansion of the active device Hamiltonian in decoupled mode space. Simulation results are used to highlight quantum effects, discuss the physics of scattering and to relate the quantum mechanical quantities used in our model to experimentally measured …

Quantum Mechanical Analysis Of Channel Access Geometry And Series Resistance In Nanoscale Transistors, R. Venugopal, S. Goasguen, Supriyo Datta, Mark S. Lundstrom

Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Publications

We apply a two-dimensional quantum mechanical simulation scheme to study the effect of channel access geometries on device performance. This simulation scheme solves the nonequilibrium Green’s function equations self-consistently with Poisson’s equation and treats the effect of scattering using a simple approximation inspired by Büttiker. It is based on an expansion of the device Hamiltonian in coupled mode space. Simulation results are used to highlight quantum effects and discuss the importance of scattering when examining the transport properties of nanoscale transistors with differing channel access geometries. Additionally, an efficient domain decomposition scheme for evaluating the performance of nanoscale transistors is …

Multiple Model Control With Intelligent Switching To Ensure Robustness To Process Variations., Peter Cunningham

Theses

One of the most popular approaches for dealing with process that undergo large variations with time, of late, is the multiple model approach. This method has considerable intuitive appeal and has received widespread dissemination in academia. Numerous successful simulations have been reported although few real-time results have been published. The principal contribution of this thesis is the application of the multiple model control scheme in real-time.

A number of practical concepts that enable the use of multiple model control in real-time are discussed. Many of these issues arose when the multiple model control scheme was applied to a laboratory scale …

Modern Control Techniques For Induction Machines In High-Performance Adjustable-Speed Drives, Pat Cronin

Theses

Induction Motors (IM’s) are increasingly being considered for and used in high-performance motor drive (HPMD) systems. Their application has only gained acceptance since the 1970’s with the advent of vector control, microprocessors and improvements in power converter technology. D.C. motors were traditionally the preferred choice in HPMD systems. The main reasons for IM acceptance in HPMD systems are ruggedness, durability, low maintenance, cost, and small size by comparison with D.C. motors.

Alternating current asynchronous motors of the IM type are considered to be the universal workhorses of the manufacturing industry. It has been estimated that they are used in seventy …

Adaptive-Critic-Based Optimal Neurocontrol For Synchronous Generators In A Power System Using Mlp/Rbf Neural Networks, Jung-Wook Park, Ganesh K. Venayagamoorthy, Ronald G. Harley

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

This paper presents a novel optimal neurocontroller that replaces the conventional controller (CONVC), which consists of the automatic voltage regulator and turbine governor, to control a synchronous generator in a power system using a multilayer perceptron neural network (MLPN) and a radial basis function neural network (RBFN). The heuristic dynamic programming (HDP) based on the adaptive critic design technique is used for the design of the neurocontroller. The performance of the MLPN-based HDP neurocontroller (MHDPC) is compared with the RBFN-based HDP neurocontroller (RHDPC) for small as well as large disturbances to a power system, and they are in turn compared …

Tcm Decoding Using Neural Networks, Edit J. Kaminsky, Nikhil Deshpande

Electrical Engineering Faculty Publications

This paper presents a neural decoder for trellis coded modulation (TCM) schemes. Decoding is performed with Radial Basis Function Networks and Multi-Layer Perceptrons. The neural decoder effectively implements an adaptive Viterbi algorithm for TCM which learns communication channel imperfections. The implementation and performance of the neural decoder for trellis encoded 16-QAM with amplitude imbalance are analyzed.

Processor Microarchitecture For Implementation Of Ephemeral State Processing Within Network Routers, Muthulakshmi Muthukumarasamy

Theses and Dissertations--Electrical and Computer Engineering

The evolving concept of Ephemeral State Processing (ESP) is overviewed. ESP allows development of new scalable end-to-end network user services. An evolving macro-level language is being developed to support ESP at the network node level. Three approaches for implementing ESP services at network routers can be considered. One approach is to use the existing processing capability within commercially available network routers. Another approach is to add a small scale existing ASIC based general-purpose processor to an existing network router. This thesis research concentrates on a third approach of developing a special-purpose programmable Ephemeral State Processor (ESPR) Instruction Set Architecture (ISA) …

Performance Evaluation Of Sip Based Services In Umts, Maria Isabel Pous Fenollar

Theses

With ever increasing penetration of IP technologies and the tremendous growth in wireless data traffic, the wireless industry is evolving the mobile core networks towards IP technology. The 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) is specifying an IP Multimedia Core Network Sub-System (IMS) in UMTS Release 5 and Release 6, which is adjunct to the UMTS GPRS core network. This IP-based network will allow mobile operators to provide commonly used Internet applications to wireless user. The UMTS IMS uses the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) defined text based Session Initiation Protocol (SIP), to control a wide range of anticipated IP-based services …

Dynamically Biased Radio Frequency Power Amplifier, Tom Twomey

Theses

With the current trend in mobile communications towards more complex modulation schemes to enhance spectral efficiency, the design of RF power amplifiers is the subject of considerable interest and research. The newer more spectrally efficient modulation schemes require a much higher level of linearity due to the non-constant level of their signal envelope. A variable envelope signal would in non-linear amplifiers lead to unacceptable levels of distortion. Linear amplifiers solve this problem at the cost of significant loss of efficiency. With the evolution towards more spectrally efficient modulation schemes, the trade off between linearity and power efficiency has become more …

Distributed Sensor Network For Civil Infrastructure Health Monitoring, Jose Humberto Mata Hernandez

Masters Theses

"This thesis focuses on the development of a robust, low power consumption and cost effective wireless data acquisition, system to be used for civil infrastructure health monitoring. The complete solution that has been developed for this application integrates micro-electromechanical sensing elements (e.g. PVDF sensor); a wireless data acquisition system based on a Bluetooth-enabled radio, a microcontroller with analog to digital conversion capabilities, a power source including a solar cell array for long term operation, and a weatherproof enclosure for on-site installation. The complementary part of the solution is a weatherproof On-site Remote Access Point (ORAP) which collects, stores, and transmits …

Optimal Excess Noise Reduction In Thin Heterojunction Al0.6Ga0.4As-Gaas Avalanche Photodiodes, Oh-Hyun Kwon, Majeed M. Hayat, Shuling Wang, Joe C. Campbell, Archie L. Holmes, Yi Pan, Bahaa E.A. Saleh, Malvin Carl Teich

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research and Publications

It has been recently found that the initial-energy effect, which is associated with the finite initial energy of carriers entering the multiplication region of an avalanche photodiode (APD), can be tailored to reduce the excess noise well beyond the previously known limits for thin APDs. However, the control of the initial energy of injected carriers can be difficult in practice for an APD with a single multiplication layer. In this paper, the dead-space multiplication recurrence theory is used to show that the low noise characteristics associated with the initial-energy effect can be achieved by utilizing a two-layer multiplication region. As …

Breakdown Probabilities For Thin Heterostructure Avalanche Photodiodes, Majeed M. Hayat, Ünal Sako ̆Glu, Oh-Hyun Kwon, Shuling Wang, Joe C. Campbell, Bahaa E.A. Saleh, Malvin Carl Teich

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research and Publications

The recurrence theory for the breakdown probability in avalanche photodiodes (APDs) is generalized to heterostructure APDs that may have multiple multiplication layers. The generalization addresses layer-boundary effects such as the initial energy of injected carriers as well as the layer-dependent profile of the dead space in the multiplication region. Reducing the width of the multiplication layer serves to both downshift and sharpen the breakdown probability curve as a function of the applied reverse-bias voltage. In structures where the injected carriers have an initial energy that is comparable to the ionization threshold energy, the transition from linear mode to Geiger-mode is …

Scene-Based Nonuniformity Correction For Focal Plane Arrays By The Method Of The Inverse Covariance Form, Sergio N. Torres, Jorge E. Pezoa, Majeed M. Hayat

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research and Publications

What is to our knowledge a new scene-based algorithm for nonuniformity correction in infrared focal-plane array sensors has been developed. The technique is based on the inverse covariance form of the Kalman filter (KF), which has been reported previously and used in estimating the gain and bias of each detector in the array from scene data. The gain and the bias of each detector in the focal-plane array are assumed constant within a given sequence of frames, corresponding to a certain time and operational conditions, but they are allowed to randomly drift from one sequence to another following a discrete-time …

Study Of Structure And Quality Of Different Silicon Oxides Using Ftir And Raman Microscopy, C. Moore, T. S. Perova, B. Kennedy, Kevin Berwick, I. I. Shaganov, R. A. Moore

Articles

In this work, SiO₂ and fluorine and phosphorous doped SiO₂ thin films are investigated using FTIR and Raman techniques. FTIR spectroscopy was performed at normal and oblique incidence of the probe beam in transmission and reflection modes. The effect of polarisation and angle of incidence of the probe beam is examined for the case of reflection mode. Infrared spectra taken from doped oxides show that the structure changes with the passage of time. Alternate methods to calculate the thickness of the doped film are therefore discussed. Infrared spectra of electron beam evaporated oxides give valuable information on their …

Pid Compensation Of Time Delayed Processes 1998-2002: A Survey, Aidan O'Dwyer

Conference papers

A time delay may be defined as the time interval between the start of an event at one point in a system and its resulting action at another point in the system. Delays are also known as transport lags or dead times; they arise in physical, chemical, biological and economic systems, as well as in the process of measurement and computation. Methods for the compensation of time delayed processes may be broadly divided into proportional integral derivative (PID) based controllers, in which the controller parameters are adapted to the controller structure, and structurally optimised controllers, in which the controller structure …

Device Structure Effects On Electrical Crosstalk In Backwall Illuminated Cmos Compatible Photodiode Arrays, Paul Vernon Jansz

Theses : Honours

This research has made a comparative investigated of crosstalk in backside illuminated and frontside illuminated single junction photodiode and vertical double junction photodiode CMOS compatible pixels, using a commercial 2D device simulation package, SEMICAD DEVICE (1994). Comparison of pixel total, electron and hole quantum efficiency response and Absorption Volume data is undertaken. This is so that the underlying carrier drift-diffusion dynamics responsible for optimal pixel response resolution may be qualitatively understood, allowing prediction of even more optimal photodiode pixel configurations. The effect of varying the double junction and single junction photodiode pixel's geometry on response resolution is considered. Only for …

Electron Bernstein Wave-X-O Mode Conversion And Electron Cyclotron Emission In Mast, Josef Preinhaelter, Pavol Pavlo, Vladimir Shevchenko, Martin Valovic, Linda L. Vahala, George Vahala

Electrical & Computer Engineering Faculty Publications

Electron cyclotron emission (ECE) from overdense plasmas can only occur due to electron Bernstein waves (EBW) mode converting near the upper hybrid region to an electromagnetic wave. Experimental data of ECE observations on MAST are studied and compared with EBW-X-O mode conversion modeling results.

Use Of Machine Learning Based On Constructive Induction In Dialogs With Robotic Heads, Marek Perkowski, Tsutomu Sasao, Atsumu Iseno, Uland Wong, Martin Lukac, David Ng, Miranda Fix, Karl Kuchs, Mikhail Pivtoraiko, Michele Folgheraiter

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Publications and Presentations

Paper presents our research progress and experiences related to designing inexpensive natural-size humanoid caricature and realistic robot heads - actors for robot theatre, agents for advertisement, education and entertainment. We concentrate on Machine Learning techniques used to teach robots behaviors, natural language dialogs and facial gestures.

Kalman Filtering For Adaptive Nonuniformity Correction In Infrared Focal-Plane Arrays, Sergio N. Torres, Majeed M. Hayat

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research and Publications

A novel statistical approach is undertaken for the adaptive estimation of the gain and bias nonuniformity in infrared focal-plane array sensors from scene data. The gain and the bias of each detector are regarded as random state variables modeled by a discrete-time Gauss–Markov process. The proposed Gauss–Markov framework provides a mechanism for capturing the slow and random drift in the fixed-pattern noise as the operational conditions of the sensor vary in time. With a temporal stochastic model for each detector’s gain and bias at hand, a Kalman filter is derived that uses scene data, comprising the detector’s readout values sampled …

Computational Enhancement Of Genetic Algorithm Via Control Device Pre-Selection Mechanism For Power System Reactive Power/Voltage Control, G. Krost, Ganesh K. Venayagamoorthy, G. A. Bakare, U. O. Aliyu

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

In this paper, the application of a novel and computationally enhances genetic algorithm (GA) for solving the reactive power dispatch problem is presented. In order to attain a significant reduction in the computational time of GA, a systematic procedure of reactive power control device pre-selection mechanism is herein proposed to choose a-priori subsets of the available control devices, which maximally influence buses experiencing voltage limit violations. The GA reactive power dispatch module then accesses such judiciously pre-selected control device candidates to determine their optimal settings. A pragmatic scheme aimed at further curtailing the number of the final control actions entertained …

Fuzzy Logic In Collective Robotic Search, Nian Zhang, Donald C. Wunsch

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

One important application of mobile robots is searching a geographical region to locate the origin of a specific sensible phenomenon. We first propose a fuzzy logic approach using a decision table. A novel fuzzy rule based was designed. And then a fuzzy search strategy is adopted by utilizing the three tier centers of mass coordination. Experimental results show that fuzzy logic algorithm is an efficient approach for the collective robots to locate the target source. In addition, noise and the position of the target affect the searching result.

Implementation Of Adaptive Critic-Based Neurocontrollers For Turbogenerators In A Multimachine Power System, Ganesh K. Venayagamoorthy, Donald C. Wunsch, Ronald G. Harley

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

This paper presents the design and practical hardware implementation of optimal neurocontrollers that replace the conventional automatic voltage regulator (AVR) and the turbine governor of turbogenerators on multimachine power systems. The neurocontroller design uses a powerful technique of the adaptive critic design (ACD) family called dual heuristic programming (DHP). The DHP neurocontroller's training and testing are implemented on the Innovative Integration M67 card consisting of the TMS320C6701 processor. The measured results show that the DHP neurocontrollers are robust and their performance does not degrade unlike the conventional controllers even when a power system stabilizer (PSS) is included, for changes in …

A Study Of The Probe Induced Disturbances On The Near-Field Measurement, Jin Shi, Richard E. Dubroff, Kevin P. Slattery, Masahiro Yamaguchi, K.-I. Arai

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Numerical simulations were used to investigate the disturbance introduced by placing a small magnetic loop probe in the near field of a driven loop. In the absence of the loop probe, the numerical simulations were compared with an approximate closed-form analytical expression for the magnetic field produced by the driven loop. The agreement between the approximate analytical results and the simulation was good. The next set of simulations was based on a physical model that included the probe and showed that the probe does exert an effect on the field being measured. Examples of these simulations and their implications on …

Definition Of A Robustness Metric For Resource Allocation, Shoukat Ali, A. A. Maciejewski, Howard Jay Siegel, Jong-Kook Kim

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Parallel and distributed systems may operate in an environment that undergoes unpredictable changes causing certain system performance features to degrade. Such systems need robustness to guarantee limited degradation despite fluctuations in the behavior of its component parts or environment. This research investigates the robustness of an allocation of resources to tasks in parallel and distributed systems. The main contributions of this paper are (1) a mathematical description of a metric for the robustness of a resource allocation with respect to desired system performance features against perturbations in system and environmental conditions, and (2) a procedure for deriving a robustness metric …

Adaptive Critic Neural Network-Based Controller For Nonlinear Systems With Input Constraints, Pingan He, Sarangapani Jagannathan

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

A novel adaptive critic-Based multilayer neural network (NN) controller in discrete-time is designed to deliver a desired tracking performance for a class of nonlinear systems in the presence of magnitude constraints on the input. Reinforcement learning scheme in discrete time is proposed for the NN controller, where the action generating NN learning is performed based on a certain performance measure, which is supplied from a critic. using the Lyapunov approach and with a novel weight update, the uniform ultimately boundedness (UUB) of the closed loop tracking error and weight estimates are shown. the adaptive critic NN does not require an …

Source Motion Mitigation For Adaptive Matched Field Processing, Lisa M. Zurk, Nigel Lee, James Ward

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Publications and Presentations

Application of adaptive matched field processing to the problem of detecting quiet targets in shallow water is complicated by source motion, both the motion of the target and the motion of discrete interferers. Target motion causes spreading of the target peak, thereby reducing output signal power. Interferer motion increases the dimensionality of the interference subspace, reducing adaptive interference suppression. This paper presents three techniques that mitigate source motion problems in adaptive matched field processing. The first involves rank reduction, which enables adaptive weight computation over short observation intervals where motion effects are less pronounced. The other two techniques specifically compensate …

A Hierarchical Approach To Computer-Aided Design Of Quantum Circuits, Marek Perkowski, Martin Lukac, Pawel Kerntopf, Mikhail Pivtoraiko, Michele Folgheraiter, Yong Woo Choi, Jung-Wook Kim, Dongsoo Lee, Woong Hwangbo, Hyungock Kim

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Publications and Presentations

A new approach to synthesis of permutation class of quantum logic circuits has been proposed in this paper. This approach produces better results than the previous approaches based on classical reversible logic and can be easier tuned to any particular quantum technology such as nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). First we synthesize a library of permutation (pseudobinary) gates using a Computer-Aided-Design approach that links evolutionary and combinatorics approaches with human experience and creativity. Next the circuit is designed using these gates and standard 1*1 and 2*2 quantum gates and finally the optimizing tautological transforms are applied to the circuit, producing a …

Printed Circuit Board Emi Source Mechanisms, Todd H. Hubing

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

This tutorial paper reviews the basic mechanisms by which signal voltages and currents on a printed circuit board produce unintentional radiated emissions.

Query-Based Learning For Aerospace Applications, Donald C. Wunsch, Emad W. Saad, J. J. Choi, J. L. Vian

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Models of real-world applications often include a large number of parameters with a wide dynamic range, which contributes to the difficulties of neural network training. Creating the training data set for such applications becomes costly, if not impossible. In order to overcome the challenge, one can employ an active learning technique known as query-based learning (QBL) to add performance-critical data to the training set during the learning phase, thereby efficiently improving the overall learning/generalization. The performance-critical data can be obtained using an inverse mapping called network inversion (discrete network inversion and continuous network inversion) followed by oracle query. This paper …