Digital Commons Network^™

Ergodic Capacity Of Mimo Triply Selective Rayleigh Fading Channels, Chengshan Xiao, Y. Rosa Zheng

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

New results are presented for the ergodic capacity of spatially-correlated, time-varying and frequency-selective (i.e., triply selective) MIMO Rayleigh fading channels. Simplified capacity formulas are also derived for special cases such as SIMO and MISO triply selective fading channels. A closed form formula is proposed that quantifies the effect of the frequency-selective fading on the ergodic capacity into an intersymbol interference (ISI) degradation factor. It is discovered that, in general frequency-selective MIMO channels, the ISI inter-tap correlations reduce the ergodic capacity compared to the frequency flat fading channel. Only in the special case when the fading does not have ISI inter-tap …

Prediction Of Rotor Position At Standstill And Flying Shaft Conditions In Switched Reluctance Machines, M. Krishnamurthy, C. S. Edrington, Babak Fahimi

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Development of a reliable, smooth, and precise position sensor less startup routine is an integral part of the Switched Reluctance Machine (SRM) control. the proposed sensor less startup method presented in this paper represents high grade performance and does not require additional hardware or memory. Further, the proposed sensor less technique is extended to flying shaft conditions. These capabilities are highly demanded by automotive applications such as starter/alternator and electric power steering systems. an assessment of the impact of motor parameters and diagnostic signal measurement on the quality of the sensor less startup method is also included. This will help …

Photonic Rf Signal Processors, Rong Zheng

Theses: Doctorates and Masters

The purpose of this thesis is to explore the emerging possibilities of processing radiofrequency (RF) or microwave signals in optical domain, which will be a key technology to implement next-generation mobile communication systems and future optical networks. Research activities include design and modelling of novel photonic architectures for processing and filtering of RF, microwave and millimeter wave signals of the above mentioned applications. Investigations especially focus on two basic functions and critical requirements in advanced RF systems, namely: • Interference mitigation and high Q tunable filters. • Arbitrary filter transfer function generation. The thesis begins with a review on several …

Primitives And Design Of The Intelligent Pixel Multimedia Communicator, David K. Lucas

Theses: Doctorates and Masters

Communication systems arc an ever more essential component of our modern global society. Mobile communications systems are still in a state of rapid advancement and growth. Technology is constantly evolving at a rapid pace in ever more diverse areas and the emerging mobile multimedia based communication systems offer new challenges for both current and future technologies. To realise the full potential of mobile multimedia communication systems there is a need to explore new options to solve some of the fundamental problems facing the technology. In particular, the complexity of such a system within an infrastructure framework that is inherently limited …

Spatially Varying Threshold Models For The Automated Segmentation Of Radiodense Tissue In Digitized Mammograms, Richard Edson Eckert Iii

Theses and Dissertations

The percentage of radiodense (bright) tissue in a mammogram has been correlated to an increased risk of breast cancer. This thesis presents an automated method to quantify the amount of radiodense tissue found in a digitized mammogram. The algorithm employs a radial basis function neural network in order to segment the breast tissue region from the remainder of the X-ray. A spatially varying Neyman-Pearson threshold is used to calculate the percentage of radiodense tissue and compensate for the effects of tissue compression that occurs during a mammography procedure. Results demonstrating the efficacy of the technique are demonstrated by exercising the …

Multi-Sensor Data Fusion Using Geometric Transformations For The Nondestructive Evaluation Of Gas Transmission Pipelines, Philip James Kulick

Theses and Dissertations

Nondestructive evaluation (NDE) plays a vital component in the operation and maintenance of large infrastructure such as gas transmission pipelines, nuclear power plants, aircraft, bridges and highways, etc. As this infrastructure continues to age it is essential that the inspection techniques reliably and accurately predict the integrity of these systems. No single NDE method is capable of inspecting all types of anomalies and extracting all required information – a combination of methods must be used and the resulting data fused. Moreover, newer systems that are developed are often made of composite materials that include metals and dielectrics. One interrogation modality …

Hdl Implementation Of A Controller Area Network Node, Anthony Richard Marino

Theses and Dissertations

With increasing technology inside automobiles, especially law enforcement vehicles, there is a growing need for centralized wiring and device interconnection methods. Each new technology, such as GPS navigation units and in-vehicle video systems, includes a corresponding wiring harness that needs installation. The summation of all these hardwired technologies leads to large volumes of wire that negatively affect safety, power demands, and future design opportunities. A new trend among automotive manufacturers is to design and implement innovative networks that allow for shared communications between technologies.

This thesis presents the design, development, and implementation of an in-vehicle network that will centralize connections …

Development Of An Augmented Haptic Control For In-Vehicle Law Enforcement Applications, Edward R. Guest Iii

Theses and Dissertations

Typical police vehicles are filled with as much technology as the department can afford. Everything from the newest digital camera system to a simple entertainment radio is within the reach of an officer. Currently, most of these systems are installed without any consideration toward the other systems or the interaction required between the driver and the car. The lack of a systems approach in the installation has spawned a project to look at the safety and overall system installation in the New Jersey State Police vehicles.

The research presented in this thesis suggests consolidation of the various controls into one …

Wind Scatterometry With Improved Ambiguity Selection And Rain Modeling, David W. Draper

Theses and Dissertations

Although generally accurate, the quality of SeaWinds on QuikSCAT scatterometer ocean vector winds is compromised by certain natural phenomena and retrieval algorithm limitations. This dissertation addresses three main contributers to scatterometer estimate error: poor ambiguity selection, estimate uncertainty at low wind speeds, and rain corruption. A quality assurance (QA) analysis performed on SeaWinds data suggests that about 5% of SeaWinds data contain ambiguity selection errors and that scatterometer estimation error is correlated with low wind speeds and rain events.

Ambiguity selection errors are partly due to the "nudging" step (initialization from outside data). A sophisticated new non-nudging ambiguity selection approach …

A Normalization Scheme Of Bidirectional Reflectances And Normalized Vegetation Indices For Short-Term Multi-Angular Spot Satellite Images, Chien-Hui Liu

Journal of Marine Science and Technology–Taiwan

Though the view angle range of SPOT HRV is smaller as compared to those of NOAA AVHRR, EOS MODIS/MISR and ADEOS POLDER, numerous researchers had showed significant bi-directional effect of ground reflectance for decades. Currently, there's no existing normalization method of bidirectional reflectances for multitemporal SPOT images. In this study, a normalization scheme for multi-angular SPOT data is proposed. This scheme will correct both atmospheric and bidirectional effect for short-term multi-temporal SPOT data. Five SPOT images scanned within twelve days are used. The results show that the variation of trees reflectance to viewing zenith angle is very significant. The proposed …

Optical System With 1xn Interleaver And Methods Of Making And Using Same, Michael A. Scobey, Lucien P. Ghislain, Dennis J. Derickson, Loren F. Stokes

Electrical Engineering

An optical system and method are disclosed for multiplexing or de-multiplexing channels within a wavelength band. The optical signals carried on the system comprise separate channels 1 through n, each having a unique passband and a center wavelength spaced from the center wavelength of adjacent channels by d nm. The signals are semi-multiplexed, demultiplexed, or semi-demultiplexed by an interleaver comprising optically matched and directly optically coupled etalons. Periodic spectral passbands of width less than d nm, spaced from each other a distance of zd, where z is an integer greater than or equal to 3, are substantially transmitted through the …

Energy Efficient Routing Protocols For Mobile Ad Hoc Networks, Chansu Yu, Ben Lee, Hee Yong Youn

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Publications

Although establishing correct and efficient routes is an important design issue in mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs), a more challenging goal is to provide energy efficient routes because mobile nodes' operation time is the most critical limiting factor. This article surveys and classifies the energy-aware routing protocols proposed for MANETs. They minimize either the active communication energy required to transmit or receive packets or the inactive energy consumed when a mobile node stays idle but listens to the wireless medium for any possible communication requests from other nodes. Transmission power control approach and load distribution approach belong to the former …

Design And Characterization Of Null Convention Self-Timed Multipliers, Satish K. Bandapati, Scott C. Smith, Minsu Choi

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Self-timed multipliers, designed using the delay-insensitive null convention logic (NCL) paradigm, were analyzed. NCL require less power, generate less noise, produce less electromagnetic interference, and allow easier reuse of components. Simulation results show a large variance in circuit performance in terms of power, area, and speed. NCL paradigm also represent bit-serial, iterative, and fully parallel multiplication architectures. They reduce the effort required to ensure correct operation under all timing scenarios, compared to equivalent synchronous designs.

Kalman Filtering For Fuzzy Discrete Time Dynamic Systems, Daniel J. Simon

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Publications

This paper uses Kalman filter theory to design a state estimator for noisy discrete time Takagi–Sugeno (T–S) fuzzy models. One local filter is designed for each local linear model using standard Kalman filter theory. Steady state solutions can be found for each of the local filters. Then a linear combination of the local filters is used to derive a global filter. The local filters are time-invariant, which greatly reduces the computational complexity of the global filter. The global filter is shown to be unbiased and (under certain conditions) stable. In addition, under the approximation of uncorrelatedness among the local models, …

Melanoma And Seborrheic Keratosis Differentiation Using Texture Features, Srinivas V. Deshabhoina, Scott E. Umbaugh, William V. Stoecker, Randy Hays Moss, Subhashini K. Srinivasan

Chemistry Faculty Research & Creative Works

Purpose: To explore texture features in two-dimensional images to differentiate seborrheic keratosis from melanoma.

Methods: A systematic approach to consistent classification of skin tumors is described. Texture features, based on the second-order histogram, were used to identify the features or a combination of features that could consistently differentiate a malignant skin tumor (melanoma) from a benign one (seborrheic keratosis). Two hundred and seventy-one skin tumor images were separated into training and test sets for accuracy and consistency. Automatic induction was applied to generate classification rules. Data analysis and modeling tools were used to gain further insight into the feature space. …

A Four-Level Crossing Dc/Dc Converter Based Drive System, X. Kou, Keith Corzine

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

This paper introduces a novel crossing front-end dc/dc converter for a four-level drive system which provides a voltage boost as well as dc capacitor bank voltage regulation. The primary advantage of the proposed converter is that it simplifies the control of the four-level diode-clamped inverter since capacitor voltage balancing is not required by the inverter control. Furthermore, the inverter modulation index can be varied up to its physical limitation. An average-value model of the converter is derived and used for insight and analysis of the converter operation. Detailed simulations of the four-level drive system demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed …

Swift Electro-Optic Modulator, Geofrey Craig Harston

Theses and Dissertations

The Silicon Wafer Integrated Fiber Technology, SWIFT, is a novel platform for the development of photonic devices. SWIFT is comprised of an optical fiber, specifically a D-fiber in this work, embedded into a V-groove etched into a silicon wafer. This provides a method to secure the fiber and allows the use of standard semiconductor industry equipment and techniques in latter processing for device fabrication.

The SWIFT platform is used as the basis for the development of a polarimetric in-fiber electro-optic modulator. The modulator is based on the application of a nonlinear optical polymer, NLOP, film into the evanescent field of …

M-Ary Amplitude Shift Keying Ofdm System, Fuqin Xiong

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Publications

Coherent M-ary amplitude-shift keying (MASK) is proposed for use in orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) systems. The frequency separation between subcarriers is only 1/2T instead of 1/T. With a slightly wider bandwidth, an √M-ary ASK OFDM can achieve the same bit-error rate (BER) of M-ary quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) OFDM and a better BER than that of M-ary phase-shift keying (MPSK) OFDM. The √M-ary ASK OFDM has the same peak-to-average-power ratio as that of the M-ary QAM OFDM. The MASK OFDM can be implemented digitally and efficiently by fast cosine transform and demodulated by inverse fast cosine transform. Comparisons show that …

The Effect Of Pruning And Compression On Graphical Representations Of The Output Of A Speech Recognizer, Yang Liu, Mary P. Harper, Michael T. Johnson, Leah H. Jamieson

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research and Publications

Large vocabulary continuous speech recognition can benefit from an efficient data structure for representing a large number of acoustic hypotheses compactly. Word graphs or lattices have been chosen as such an efficient interface between acoustic recognition engines and subsequent language processing modules. This paper first investigates the effect of pruning during acoustic decoding on the quality of word lattices and shows that by combining different pruning options (at the model level and word level), we can obtain word lattices with comparable accuracy to the original lattices and a manageable size. In order to use the word lattices as the input …

Unidirectional Cordic For Efficient Computation Of Trigonometric And Hyperbolic Functions, Satish Ravichandran

Electrical & Computer Engineering Theses & Dissertations

CORDIC (Coordinate Rotation Digital Computer) is an iterative algorithm to compute values of trigonometric, logarithmic and transcendental functions by performing vector rotations, which can be implemented with only shift and add operations in a digital system. CORDIC algorithms are extensively used in the areas of digital signal processing, digital image processing and artificial neural networks. A new technique, named unidirectional CORDIC, for efficient computation of trigonometric and hyperbolic functions is presented in this thesis. In the conventional CORDIC algorithm, the vector rotations are performed in both clockwise and counterclockwise directions, but in the unidirectional CORDIC the vectors are rotated only …

A Computer-Based Articulation Training Aid For Short Words (Cata), Mukund Devarajan

Electrical & Computer Engineering Theses & Dissertations

Several improvements in the vowel articulation training aid (VATA) are described, as well as the efforts to extend the visual feedback system to operate with short words in the form of consonant, vowel and consonant (CVC). The extended version of the visual feedback system is referred to as CATA (Computer-based Articulation Training Aid); the vowel version of the aid (VATA) only operates with ten American English monopthong vowels. Improvements in VATA include the use of a neural network (NN) recognizer method to prune a large database of vowel recordings to eliminate noisy and/or mispronounced tokens. The spectral jitter problem, previously …

Modeling And Analysis Of Fault Tolerant Multistage Interconnection Networks, Minsu Choi, Nohpill Park, Fabrizio Lombardi

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Performance and reliability are two of the most crucial issues in today's high-performance instrumentation and measurement systems. High speed and compact density multistage interconnection networks (MINs) are widely-used subsystems in different applications. New performance models are proposed to evaluate a novel fault tolerant MIN arrangement, thereby assuring performance and reliability with high confidence level. A concurrent fault detection and recovery scheme for MINs is considered by rerouting over redundant interconnection links under stringent real-time constraints for digital instrumentation as sensor networks. A switch architecture for concurrent testing and diagnosis is proposed. New performance models are developed and used to evaluate …

Evaluating Tmr Techniques In The Presence Of Single Event Upsets, Paul S. Graham, Nathaniel Rollins, Michael J. Wirthlin, Michael P. Caffrey

Faculty Publications

Sponsorship: Los Alamos National Labs (LA-UR-03-7525). Field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) are sensitive to radiation-induced single event upsets (SEUs) within the configuration memory. Triple modular redundancy (TMR) is a technique commonly used to mitigate against design failures caused by SEUs. This paper evaluates the effectiveness and cost of TMR on two different counter designs in the presence of SEUs. The evaluation measures the reliability, area cost, and speed of different TMR styles. The tests show that when feedback TMR is used with triplicated clocks, it is possible to have counter design which is insensitive to any single configuration upset.

Adaptive Reflex Control For An Artificial Hand, Michele Flogheraiter, Giuseppina Gini, Marek Perkowski, Mikhail Pivtoraiko

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Publications and Presentations

In this paper we illustrate the properties and the morphology of a human like neural reflex controller, used to set the stiffness and joint positions of an anthropomorphic artificial hand. In particular we explain, by simulations results, its ability to emulate the myotatic human reflex, and its capacity to learn in real time the best control strategy. We also present the dynamic model of the joints and of the artificial muscles used in Blackfingers, our artificial hand.

A Novel Method For Measuring Induction Machine Magnetizing Inductance, Ana Vladan Stankovic, Eric L. Benedict, Vinod John, Thomas A. Lipo

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Publications

This paper presents a novel method for measuring the magnetizing inductance of an induction machine. The approach uses a static DC excitation technique which can be employed whenever the neutral of the machine is accessible. The proposed method measures only the magnetizing inductance and not the self inductance which normally includes the effect of the stator leakage inductance. Because this test uses a DC excitation, the iron losses in the motor are considerably reduced as well and minimally influence the measurement when compared to the traditional 60-Hz no-load test. By using the proposed method for measuring only the magnetizing inductance, …

Capacity, Coding And Interference Cancellation In Multiuser Multicarrier Wireless Communications Systems, Christian Ibars Casas

Dissertations

Multicarrier modulation and multiuser systems have generated a great deal of research during the last decade. Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) is a multicarrier modulation generated with the inverse Discrete Fourier Transform, which has been adopted for standards in wireless and wire-line communications. Multiuser wireless systems using multicarrier modulation suffer from the effects of dispersive fading channels, which create multi-access, inter-symbol, and inter-carrier interference (MAI, ISI, ICI). Nevertheless, channel dispersion also provides diversity, which can be exploited and has the potential to increase robustness against fading. Multiuser multi-carrier systems can be implemented using Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA), a …

Performance Evaluation For Communication Systems With Receive Diversity And Interference, Debang Lao

Dissertations

Optimum combining (OC) is a well-known coherent detection technique used to combat fading and suppress cochannel interference. In this dissertation, expressions are developed to evaluate the error probability of OC for systems with multiple interferers and multiple receiving branches. Three approaches are taken to derive the expressions. The first one starts from the decision metrics of OC. It facilitates obtaining closed-form expressions for binary phase-shift keying modulation. The second approach utilizes the moment generating function of the output signal to interference plus noise ratio (SINR) and results in expressions for symbol and bit error probability for multiple phaseshift keying modulation. …

Deposition And Characterization Of Laser-Ablated Silicon, Wenwen Luo

Theses

Laser ablation is a powerful thin film deposition and material processing technology. In the Nonlinear Nanostructure Lab at NJIT, silicon films deposited by laser ablation have been studied for the potential applications in nonlinear optoelectronic devices. The previous studies have suggested that the deposited silicon has a hexagonal symmetry, being a polymorph of silicon that previously has been obtained only at very high pressure. This thesis is part of the continuous study and characterization of this new structure. The objective of the research was to gain better understanding of the hexagonal silicon properties as well as the mechanism that lead …

Study Of Mosfet Degradation Under Substrate Injection And Hot Carrier Degradation, Bhawar S. Patel

Theses

With continued scaling of MOSFET's, the reliability of thin gate oxides is becoming increasingly important. Degradation issues due to fabrication technology may result in misinterpretation unless the actual physical situation arising at source, drain, gate and substrate of a transistor during processing is understood. This degradation is prominent in plasma processing due to wafer charging which occurs due to the reactive ions in the plasma. The voltages developed at source and drain junctions, depending upon polarity relative to the substrate cause the source and drain junctions to be forward biased or reverse biased. Keeping in view this type of physical …

Elastic Brain Image Registration Using Mutual Information, Srisheela Devabhaktuni

Theses

Image Registration is the determination of a geometrical transformation that aligns points in one image of an object with corresponding points in another image. The source image is geometrically transformed to match the target image. The geometric transformation can be rigid or non-rigid. Rigid transformations preserve straight lines and angles between straight lines. The basic rigid transformations are rotation, scaling and translation.

In this thesis non-rigid registration using B-splines is the method being used to take into account the elastic change in the brain structure. The B-spline equation is a type of curved transformation that does not preserve the straightness …