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A Robust Method For Multiple Face Tracking Using Kalman Filter, Zaheer Shaik Oct 2007

A Robust Method For Multiple Face Tracking Using Kalman Filter, Zaheer Shaik

Electrical & Computer Engineering Theses & Dissertations

A robust method for tracking faces of multiple people moving in a scene using a Kalman filter is proposed. This method overcomes the problem of partial and total occlusion for a short period. The method uses a combination of face detection and cloth matching to track and differentiate between people. A Template matching technique for face and a non-parametric distribution for cloth are used. Face templates are obtained from the first frame of a video sequence by applying the Viola-Jones face detection method. Cloth color distribution is obtained from people's clothes, assuming that the bodies move along with the faces. …

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A Modular Kernel Linear Discriminant Analysis Of Gabor Features For Improved Face Recognition, Neeharika Gudur Oct 2007

A Modular Kernel Linear Discriminant Analysis Of Gabor Features For Improved Face Recognition, Neeharika Gudur

Electrical & Computer Engineering Theses & Dissertations

Automatic face recognition is one of the major challenges in computer vision and pattern analysis. This thesis presents an efficient face recognition system that is robust with regards to changes in illumination, facial expressions and partial occlusions. Modular Kernel Linear Discriminant Analysis performed on Gabor Features obtained from the face images is employed for improving face recognition accuracy. A face image is pre-processed using the 2D Gabor wavelet transform to achieve invariance to illumination in images. Modular approaches that divide the pre-processed images into smaller sub-images provide improved accuracy, as the facial variations in an image are confined to local …

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Expert System For Team Facilitation Using Observational Learning, Ray Luechtefeld, R. K. Singh, Steve Eugene Watkins Oct 2007

Expert System For Team Facilitation Using Observational Learning, Ray Luechtefeld, R. K. Singh, Steve Eugene Watkins

Engineering Management and Systems Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

While ABET criteria require that engineering graduates be able to "function on multidisciplinary teams" and "communicate effectively", the need for effective team skills goes far deeper. One solution is the use of a computationally intelligent "virtual facilitator" that contains a subset of the expert knowledge of a skilled facilitator. The "virtual facilitator" models behaviors of an expert facilitator to engineering student teams as they are working together. Albert Bandura's theory of observational learning suggests that skills can be developed through observation of expert "others" engaged in practice. Preliminary research indicates that students can increase beneficial team behaviors (such as inquiry) …

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Sample Entry Purge System In Spectrophotometer, Ellipsometer, Polarimeter And The Like Systems, Steven E. Green, Ping He, Galen L. Pfeiffer, Brian D. Guenther, Gerald T. Cooney, John A. Woollam, Martin M. Liphardt, Blaine D. Johs, Craig M. Herzinger Sep 2007

Sample Entry Purge System In Spectrophotometer, Ellipsometer, Polarimeter And The Like Systems, Steven E. Green, Ping He, Galen L. Pfeiffer, Brian D. Guenther, Gerald T. Cooney, John A. Woollam, Martin M. Liphardt, Blaine D. Johs, Craig M. Herzinger

Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering: Faculty Publications

A sample sequestering system which allows access to a subspace in a chamber encompassed generally enclosed space, for use in entering and removing a sample when the subspace is opened to atmosphere. Sufficient purge gas is flowed from withing the generally enclosed space into the subspace discourage atmospheric contaminates from entering into the space is a spectrophotometer, ellipsometer or polarimeter or the like system which operates at wavelengths, (eg. UV), which are advesely affected, (eg. absorded), by typical atmospheric contents.

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A Pulse-Based Feature Extractor For Spike Sorting Neural Signals, Christy L. Rogers, John G. Harris, Jose C. Principe, Justin C. Sanchez Sep 2007

A Pulse-Based Feature Extractor For Spike Sorting Neural Signals, Christy L. Rogers, John G. Harris, Jose C. Principe, Justin C. Sanchez

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Spike sorting is often required for analyzing neural recordings to isolate the activity of single neurons. Wave shape analysis in the spike sorting procedure provides a means to detect spikes while minimizing the influence of false alarms. As neural recording techniques allow for recording hundreds of electrodes, power is too limited in neural implants for current spike sorting algorithms. Even with spike sorting at the back end where more power is available, the bandwidth is too limited to transmit enough information for current spike sorting techniques. A low-power pulse-based feature extractor presented in the paper is a solution to the …

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A Probabilistic Approach To Measuring Robustness In Computing Systems, Behdis Eslamnour, Shoukat Ali Sep 2007

A Probabilistic Approach To Measuring Robustness In Computing Systems, Behdis Eslamnour, Shoukat Ali

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

System builders are becoming increasingly interested in robust design. We believe that a methodology for generating robustness metrics will help the robust design research efforts and, in general, is an important step in the efforts to create robust computing systems. the purpose of the research in this paper is to quantify the robustness of a resource allocation, with the eventual objective of setting a standard that could easily be instantiated for a particular computing system to generate a robustness metric. We present our theoretical foundation for a robustness metric and give its instantiation for a particular system. © 2007 IEEE.

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Blueprint For Iteratively Hardening Power Grids Employing Unified Power Flow Controllers, William M. Siever, Ann K. Miller, Daniel R. Tauritz Sep 2007

Blueprint For Iteratively Hardening Power Grids Employing Unified Power Flow Controllers, William M. Siever, Ann K. Miller, Daniel R. Tauritz

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

A stable electricity supply is vital for modern society. However, many parts of our power transmission grid are operating near their operational limits. Such stressed systems are vulnerable to cascading failures, where a few small faults can induce a cascade of failures potentially leading to a major blackout The unified power flow controller (UPFC), the most powerful highspeed, semi-conductor based power flow device, can be used as a theoretical model to study how these devices can be used to improve power grid resilience. The blueprint presented here can be used to iteratively identify critical weaknesses in power grids and to …

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Embedded Centrosymmetric Multilayer Stacks As Complete-Transmission Quarter-Wave And Half-Wave Retarders Under Conditions Of Frustrated Total Internal Reflection, S. R. Perla, R. M.A. Azzam Sep 2007

Embedded Centrosymmetric Multilayer Stacks As Complete-Transmission Quarter-Wave And Half-Wave Retarders Under Conditions Of Frustrated Total Internal Reflection, S. R. Perla, R. M.A. Azzam

Electrical Engineering Faculty Publications

A centrosymmetric multilayer stack of two transparent materials, which is embedded in a high-index prism, can function as a complete-transmission quarter-wave or half-wave retarder (QWR or HWR) under conditions of frustrated total internal reflection. The multilayer consists of a high-index center layer sandwiched between two identical low-index films with high-index–low-index bilayers repeated on both sides of the central trilayer, maintaining the symmetry of the entire stack and constituting a QWR ( Δt=90° or 270°) or HWR (Δt=180°) in transmission. A QWR design at wavelengthλ=1.55 μm is presented that employs an 11-layer stack of Si and SiO2 thin films, which is …

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H.264 Scalable Video Over Finite-State Markov Chain Wireless Channels, Guogang Hua, Daewon Song, David L. Hench, Chang Wen Chen Sep 2007

H.264 Scalable Video Over Finite-State Markov Chain Wireless Channels, Guogang Hua, Daewon Song, David L. Hench, Chang Wen Chen

Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Faculty Publications

In this paper, a wireless channel is viewed as a heterogeneous network in the time domain, and an adaptive video transmission scheme for H.264 scalable video over wireless channels modeled as a finite-state Markov chain processes is presented. In order to investigate the robustness of adaptive video transmission for H.264 scalable video over wireless channels, statistical channel models can be employed to characterize the error and loss behavior of the video transmission. Among various statistical channel models, a finite-state Markov model has been considered as suitable for both wireless links as Rayleigh fading channels and wireless local area networks as …

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Simd Pipelined Processor Implemented On A Fpga, Benjamin Mar Sep 2007

Simd Pipelined Processor Implemented On A Fpga, Benjamin Mar

Electrical and Computer Engineering ETDs

The goal of this thesis was to create a processor using VHDL that could be used for educational purposes as well as a stepping stone in creating a reconfigurable system for digital signal processing or image processing applications. To do this a subset of MIPS instructions were chosen to demonstrate functionality within a five stage pipeline (instruction fetch, instruction decode, execution, memory, and write back) processor in simulation and in synthesis. A hazard controller was implemented to handle data forwarding and stalling. The basic MIPS architecture was extended by adding singlecycle multiplication functionality and single-cycle SIMD instructions. The architecture contains …

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Interference And Power Control In Ad Hoc Wireless Networks, Raul Ramiro Peralta Meza Sep 2007

Interference And Power Control In Ad Hoc Wireless Networks, Raul Ramiro Peralta Meza

Electrical and Computer Engineering ETDs

This thesis looks at the problem of interference when Power Control is applied to maximize the network capacity. In ad hoc networks, the RTS/CTS dialog or virtual carrier sensing is less effective since a transmission takes place over three ranges: interference range, carrier sense range and transmission range. The values of interference range do not interrupt a transmission if it is close to noise floor, however the carrier sense range is capable of disrupting a transmission. Location, packet size and the traffic must be considered as important parameters in power control protocols. The majority of the work is focused at …

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Optimal Digital Filter Design For Dispersed Signal Equalization, Andrew Mihalik Sep 2007

Optimal Digital Filter Design For Dispersed Signal Equalization, Andrew Mihalik

Electrical and Computer Engineering ETDs

Any signal a satellite receives from Earth has traveled through the ionosphere. Transmission through the ionosphere results in a frequency dependent time-delay of the signal frequency components. This effect of the medium on the signal is termed dispersion, and it increases the difficulty of pulse detection. A system capable of compensating for the dispersion would be desirable, as pulsed signals would be more readily detected after compression. In this thesis, we investigate the derivation of a digital filter to compensate for the dispersion caused by the ionosphere. A transfer function model for the analysis of the ionosphere as a system …

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Measurement Of 'One Over F Noise' In Infrared Detection Using A Novel Technique, Diana Maestas Jepson Sep 2007

Measurement Of 'One Over F Noise' In Infrared Detection Using A Novel Technique, Diana Maestas Jepson

Electrical and Computer Engineering ETDs

It has been shown that, one over f noise' (1/f noise) limits the sensitivity in Mercury Cadmium Telluride (HgCdTe) infrared devices. It is therefore imperative to be able to measure and account for its contribution to the total device noise. In this thesis, the 1/f noise of a HgCdTe device is measured and studied using two measurement techniques. The first technique is the commonly used conventional method of measuring 1/f noise that analyzes 1/f noise in the frequency domain and extracts the 1/f noise contribution from the power spectral densities. The second approach is a novel technique that extracts the …

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Mid-Ir Type-Ii Inas/Gasb Nanoscale Superlattice Sensors, Elena A. Plis Sep 2007

Mid-Ir Type-Ii Inas/Gasb Nanoscale Superlattice Sensors, Elena A. Plis

Electrical and Computer Engineering ETDs

The detection of mid-wavelength infrared radiation (MWIR) is very important for many military, industrial and biomedical applications. Present-day commercially available uncooled IR sensors operating in MWIR region (2-5μm) use microbolometric detectors which are inherently slow. Available photon detectors (mercury cadmium telluride (MCT), bulk InSb and quantum well infrared detectors (QWIPs))overcome this limitation. However, there are some fundamental issues decreasing their performance and ability for high temperature operation, including fast Auger recombination rates and high thermal generation rate. These detectors operate at low temperatures (77K-200K) in order to obtain high signal to noise ratio. The requirement of cooling limits the lifetime, …

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Method Of Calibrating Effects Of Field Of Classification Search Multi-Aoi-System For Easy Changing Angles-Of-Incidence In Ellipsometers And The Like, Blaine D. Johs, Ping He, Martin M. Liphardt, Christopher A. Goeden, John A. Woollam, James D. Welch Sep 2007

Method Of Calibrating Effects Of Field Of Classification Search Multi-Aoi-System For Easy Changing Angles-Of-Incidence In Ellipsometers And The Like, Blaine D. Johs, Ping He, Martin M. Liphardt, Christopher A. Goeden, John A. Woollam, James D. Welch

Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering: Faculty Publications

Disclosed is a system for enabling easy sequential setting of different Angles-of-Incidence of a beam of electromagnetic radiation to a surface of a sample system involving regression based methodology for evaluating and compensating the effects of the presence electromagnetic beam intercepting angle-of-incidence changing systems, including where desired, parameterization of calibration parameters.

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Self-Healing Control With Multifunctional Gate Drive Circuits For Power Converters, Peng Xiao, Ganesh K. Venayagamoorthy, Keith Corzine, Robert S. Woodley Sep 2007

Self-Healing Control With Multifunctional Gate Drive Circuits For Power Converters, Peng Xiao, Ganesh K. Venayagamoorthy, Keith Corzine, Robert S. Woodley

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Many commercial and military transport systems have fault diagnostic functions implemented to help protect the device when a severe fault occurs. However, most present systems do not contain prognostics capability which would allow operators to observe an unhealthy system component in its pre- fault condition. In industry applications, scheduled downtime can result in considerable cost avoidance. The next technology step is self-healing system components which observe not only potential problems, but can also take steps to continue operation under abnormal conditions - whether due to long-term normal wear-and-tear or sudden combat damage. In this paper, current and voltage information using …

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Change In Voltage Distortion Predictions At The Pcc Due To Changing Nonlinear Load Current Profile Using Plant Startup Data, Joy Mazumdar, Frank C. Lambert, Ganesh K. Venayagamoorthy, Ronald G. Harley Sep 2007

Change In Voltage Distortion Predictions At The Pcc Due To Changing Nonlinear Load Current Profile Using Plant Startup Data, Joy Mazumdar, Frank C. Lambert, Ganesh K. Venayagamoorthy, Ronald G. Harley

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Customer loads connected to electricity supply systems may be broadly categorized as either linear or nonlinear. Nonlinear loads inject harmonics in a power distribution network. The interaction of the nonlinear load harmonics with the network impedances creates voltage distortions at the point of common coupling (PCC) which in turn affects other loads connected to the same PCC. When several nonlinear loads are connected to the PCC, it is difficult to predict mathematically how each nonlinear load is affecting the voltage distortion level at the PCC. Typically, customers with nonlinear loads apply harmonic filtering techniques to clean up their current and …

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Increased Performance Of Battery Packs By Active Equalization, Jonathan W. Kimball, Brian T. Kuhn, Philip T. Krein Sep 2007

Increased Performance Of Battery Packs By Active Equalization, Jonathan W. Kimball, Brian T. Kuhn, Philip T. Krein

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Battery packs for most applications are series strings of electrochemical cells. Due to manufacturing variations, temperature differences, and aging, the individual cells perform differently. When a complete pack is charged and discharged as a single two-terminal circuit element, some cells are chronically overcharged, undercharged, or overdischarged, all of which act to reduce cell life. The performance and life of the complete pack is limited by the weakest cell. Many methods have been proposed and explored to mitigate this problem. In the present work, a switched-capacitor converter is shown to be a simple and effective method to maintain equal cell or …

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The Effects Of Signal And Image Compression Of Sar Data On Change Detection Algorithms, Kiran Shenoy Sep 2007

The Effects Of Signal And Image Compression Of Sar Data On Change Detection Algorithms, Kiran Shenoy

Theses and Dissertations

With massive amounts of SAR imagery and data being collected, the need for effective compression techniques is growing. One of the most popular applications for remote sensing is change detection, which compares two geo-registered images for changes in the scene. While lossless compression is needed for signal compression, the same is not often required for image compression. In almost every case the compression ratios are much higher in lossy compression making them more appealing when bandwidth and storage becomes an issue. This research analyzes different types of compression techniques that are adapted for SAR imagery, and tests these techniques with …

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Navigation Using Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexed Signals Of Opportunity, Jamie S. Velotta Sep 2007

Navigation Using Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexed Signals Of Opportunity, Jamie S. Velotta

Theses and Dissertations

The global positioning system (GPS) provides high-accuracy position measurements anywhere in the world. However, a limitation of this system is that a line of sight to multiple satellites is required; therefore, it is unsuitable to use indoors or in urban canyons. Also, in the presence of radio-frequency interference or jamming, GPS may be unavailable. Alternative methods of navigation and positioning are need to either compliment GPS as a backup or for use in areas unreachable by satellites. This research analyzes a feature-based correlation approach for determining reception differences between two Orthogonal Frequency Division receivers for the purpose of TDOA calculations. …

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Reliability Modeling For The Advanced Electric Power Grid, Ayman Z. Faza, Sahra Sedigh, Bruce M. Mcmillin Sep 2007

Reliability Modeling For The Advanced Electric Power Grid, Ayman Z. Faza, Sahra Sedigh, Bruce M. Mcmillin

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

The advanced electric power grid promises a self-healing infrastructure using distributed, coordinated, power electronics control. One promising power electronics device, the Flexible AC Transmission System (FACTS), can modify power flow locally within a grid. Embedded computers within the FACTS devices, along with the links connecting them, form a communication and control network that can dynamically change the power grid to achieve higher dependability. The goal is to reroute power in the event of transmission line failure. Such a system, over a widespread area, is a cyber-physical system. The overall reliability of the grid is a function of the respective reliabilities …

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A Light-Weight Event-Driven Protocol For Sensor Clustering In Wireless Camera Networks, Henry Medeiros, Johnny Park, Avinash Kak Sep 2007

A Light-Weight Event-Driven Protocol For Sensor Clustering In Wireless Camera Networks, Henry Medeiros, Johnny Park, Avinash Kak

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research and Publications

We propose a light-weight event-driven protocol for wireless camera networks to allow for formation and propagation of clusters of cameras for the purpose of collaborative processing during object tracking. Cluster formation is triggered by the detection of objects with specific features. Our protocol allows for simultaneous formation and propagation of multiple clusters. Cameras being directional devices, more than one cluster may track a single object since groups of cameras outside each others communication range may see the same object. Entry into a cluster and cluster membership maintenance require a sensor node to confirm the presence of features of the object …

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Automatic Physical Database Design : Recommending Materialized Views, Wugang Xu Aug 2007

Automatic Physical Database Design : Recommending Materialized Views, Wugang Xu

Dissertations

This work discusses physical database design while focusing on the problem of selecting materialized views for improving the performance of a database system. We first address the satisfiability and implication problems for mixed arithmetic constraints. The results are used to support the construction of a search space for view selection problems. We proposed an approach for constructing a search space based on identifying maximum commonalities among queries and on rewriting queries using views. These commonalities are used to define candidate views for materialization from which an optimal or near-optimal set can be chosen as a solution to the view selection …

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Enterprise Security Analysis Including Denial Of Service Countermeasures, Chinar Dingankar Aug 2007

Enterprise Security Analysis Including Denial Of Service Countermeasures, Chinar Dingankar

All Theses

Computer networks are the nerve systems of modern enterprises. Unfortunately, these networks are subject to numerous attacks. Safeguarding these systems is challenging. In this thesis we describe current threats to enterprise security, before concentrating on the Distributed denial of Service (DDoS) problem.
DDoS attacks on popular websites like Amazon, Yahoo, CNN, eBay, Buy, and the recent acts of war using DDoS attacks against NATO ally Estonia [1] graphically illustrate the seriousness of these attacks. Denial of Service (DoS) attacks are explicit attempts to block legitimate users' system access by reducing system availability [2]. A DDoS attack deploys multiple attacking entities …

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Improving The Performance Of Software Defined Radio By Employing Digital Feedback Of Radio Frequency Properties, Joel Simoneau Aug 2007

Improving The Performance Of Software Defined Radio By Employing Digital Feedback Of Radio Frequency Properties, Joel Simoneau

All Dissertations

This dissertation provides tools for the analysis and integration of the hardware and software components of a software defined radio for optimum radio frequency performance. A device is introduced that is able to give baseband feedback of radio frequency properties suitable for analysis in software. Three applications for the device are devised. The first is an image rejection upconverter that achieves greater than 65 dB of image rejection over a broad frequency range without the use of a radio frequency filter. The second application is a baseband correction scheme for extending the bandwidth and improving the magnitude and phase match …

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High-Speed Data Acquisition And Fpga Detected Pulse Blanking System For Interference Mitigation In Radio Astronomy, Micah Alexander Lillrose Aug 2007

High-Speed Data Acquisition And Fpga Detected Pulse Blanking System For Interference Mitigation In Radio Astronomy, Micah Alexander Lillrose

Theses and Dissertations

Radio astronomy is the discipline dedicated to the study of celestial emissions in the radio band from a few MHz to 300 GHz. In recent years, spurious emissions from man-made devices that operate at these frequencies have made detection of astronomical signals difficult. These harmful RF transmissions are called radio frequency interference (RFI). One strategy to remove RFI is to apply spatial filtering using an array antenna. This thesis documents the development of a high-speed data acquisition system used to record data from 7- and 19-element phased array feeds. The system supports synchronous sampling over all channels and streams data …

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A Study Of Estimation Techniques And Of Mechatronic System Design And Testing, Brett Castelloe Aug 2007

A Study Of Estimation Techniques And Of Mechatronic System Design And Testing, Brett Castelloe

All Theses

This thesis is a collection of two projects that the author worked on during his master's studies at Clemson University. The first project--adaptive camera calibration--involves the design and simulation of an estimator for the calibration parameters of a camera. The second project--basket drive wear testing--includes the design of a test plan for measuring wear on a mechatronic system.

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Transmission Gate Based Dual Rail Logic For Differential Power Analysis Resistant Circuits, Srinidhi Narasimha Char Aug 2007

Transmission Gate Based Dual Rail Logic For Differential Power Analysis Resistant Circuits, Srinidhi Narasimha Char

All Theses

Cryptographic devices with hardware implementation of the algorithms are increasingly being used in various applications. As a consequence, there is an increased need for security against the attacks on the cryptographic system. Among various attack techniques, side channel attacks pose a significant threat to the hardware implementation. Power analysis attacks are a type of side channel attack where the power leakage from the underlying hardware is used to eavesdrop on the hardware operation. Wave pipelined differential and dynamic logic (WDDL) has been found to be an effective countermeasure to power analysis. This thesis studies the use of transmission gate based …

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Performance Of Serial, Matched-Filter Packet Acquisition Algorithms With A Preamble-Sequence Acceptance Criterion, Javier Schloemann Aug 2007

Performance Of Serial, Matched-Filter Packet Acquisition Algorithms With A Preamble-Sequence Acceptance Criterion, Javier Schloemann

All Theses

In this thesis, we consider two methods to improve the acquisition performance of a packet radio system that uses serial, matched-filter acquisition: an adaptive acquisition threshold, and an acceptance criterion for the system's preamble sequences. Each packet transmission includes a fixed-length acquisition preamble, and the preamble sequence used in packet transmissions is changed at predetermined times based on a sequence-generation algorithm. It is shown that acquisition performance depends largely on the sidelobe energy of the preamble sequence, the acquisition threshold, and the signal-to-noise ratio.
The first method uses a threshold-scaling technique to account for the variation in the signal-to-noise ratio. …

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Fabrication And Characterization Of Cu/4h-Sic Schottky Diodes, Ruth Solomon Aug 2007

Fabrication And Characterization Of Cu/4h-Sic Schottky Diodes, Ruth Solomon

All Theses

Copper Schottky contacts to n-type 4H Silicon Carbide with nickel ohmic contacts were fabricated. The electrical and physical characteristics of these Schottky diodes were analyzed and the results are presented. I-V measurements revealed two sets of characteristics, one indicating nearly ideal Schottky behavior and the other exhibiting regions with two barrier heights. The reason for this observed phenomenon was studied and attributed to the in-homogeneity of the Silicon Carbide surface. The I-V and C-V characteristics were used to extract the electrical parameters, which include barrier height, ideality factor, reverse saturation current density, and doping concentration. The measured barrier height was …

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