Digital Commons Network^™

Realtime Color Stereovision Processing, Byron P. Formwalt

Theses and Dissertations

Recent developments in aviation have made micro air vehicles (MAVs) a reality. These featherweight palm-sized radio-controlled flying saucers embody the future of air-to-ground combat. No one has ever successfully implemented an autonomous control system for MAVs. Because MAVs are physically small with limited energy supplies, video signals offer superiority over radar for navigational applications. This research takes a step forward in real time machine vision processing. It investigates techniques for implementing a real time stereovision processing system using two miniature color cameras. The effects of poor-quality optics are overcome by a robust algorithm, which operates in real time and achieves …

Power Self-Regulation In Double-Pass High-Gain Laser Amplifiers, Lee W. Casperson, Janet M. Casperson

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Publications and Presentations

Double-pass laser amplifiers can provide automatic passive regulation of the power in an optical signal. This regulation can significantly reduce the amplitude noise on a laser beam that is intended as a continuous wave light source. Analytic expressions are derived to describe the optical-noise-reduction region of double-pass amplifier operation and the dependence of the self-regulation properties on gain, saturation, and mirror reflectivity.

Modeling The Statistical Time And Angle Of Arrival Characteristics Of An Indoor Multipath Channel, Michael A. Jensen, Brian D. Jeffs, A. Lee Swindlehurst, Quentin H. Spencer

Faculty Publications

Most previously proposed statistical models for the indoor multipath channel include only time of arrival characteristics. However, in order to use statistical models in simulating or analyzing the performance of systems employing spatial diversity combining, information about angle of arrival statistics is also required. Ideally, it would be desirable to characterize the full spare-time nature of the channel. In this paper, a system is described that was used to collect simultaneous time and angle of arrival data at 7 GHz. Data processing methods are outlined, and results obtained from data taken in two different buildings are presented. Based on the …

Development Of A Real Time Guidance System For A Kinematic Test Vehicle, Orhan Cekic

Theses and Dissertations

Differential carrier phase GPS measurements are capable of giving centimeter-level accuracies. These accuracies have many potential applications for safety and control of various types of vehicles. For this research, a real-time guidance system is developed. The real-time guidance system can be divided into two components: hardware and software. The hardware component consists of two GPS receivers (one base, one mobile), two wireless 115 Kbaud transceivers, and two laptop computers. One computer is for the reference station and other is for the mobile receiver interface and graphical display. The guided vehicle is a golf car called the Remote Sensing Autonomous Vehicle …

Design And Validation Of An Accurate Gps Signal And Receiver Truth Model For Comparing Advanced Receiver Processing Techniques, Phillip Martin Corbell

Theses and Dissertations

Recent increases in the computational power of computers and digital signal processors have made possible new, novel signal tracking techniques in GPS receivers. One such technique is known as Direct Correlators Output Processing (DCOP). This technique replaces individual traditional tracking loops with a single Kalman Filter, which jointly processes the received signals while exploiting their correlated noises. DCOP is innovative in its potential to replace the tried and true classical signal tracking loops. It is also an enabling technology for ultra-tightly coupled GPS/INS (Global Positioning System/Inertial Navigation System). Potential benefits of these new tracking techniques include an order-of-magnitude improvement in …

Effects Of Jamming On Radars, Ahmet Okuyucu

Theses and Dissertations

Although jamming of radars has been in vogue for nearly 50 years there appears to be no comprehensive report on the subject matter. The purpose of this research is to fill this gap. The methodology consisted of analysis, simulation, and where feasible experimental demonstrations. Experimental equipment consisted of a digital noise generator whose output was used to modulate a high frequency carrier in various fashions. The modulated output was fed into a very sensitive super-heterodyne receiver whose Intermediate frequency (IF) bandwidth could be varied from tens of Hz to mega Hz range. The detected output was displayed on a sampling …

Investigation Of Conformal High-Impedance Ground Planes, Michael A. Saville

Theses and Dissertations

Applique antennas are a long range vision for military vehicles because they are lighter, quicker to replace, less expensive, and can have better performance than conventional antennas. Two newly reported high-impedance ground planes have potential to begin the realization of the applique antenna vision and each is investigated for use with thin conformal antenna structures. Bistatic reflection measurements completely characterize the high-impedance region of planar, thumbtack high-impedance ground planes, and periodic moment method models validate the measurement results. Rigorous planar and conformal surface wave coupling measurements clarity the reported photonic band gap behavior of the thumbtack high-impedance ground plane, and …

Modeling Emi Resulting From A Signal Via Transition Through Power/Ground Layers, Wei Cui, Xiaoning Ye, Bruce Archambeault, Doug White, Min Li, James L. Drewniak

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Signal transitioning through layers on vias are very common in multi-layer printed circuit board (PCB) design. For a signal via transitioning through the internal power and ground planes, the return current must switch from one reference plane to another reference plane. The discontinuity of the return current at the via excites the power and ground planes, and results in noise on the power bus that can lead to signal integrity, as well as EMI problems. Numerical methods, such as the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD), Moment of Methods (MoM), and partial element equivalent circuit (PEEC) method, were employed herein to study this …

Multilevel Coded Modulation For Unequal Error Protection And Multistage Decoding—Part I: Symmetric Constellations, Robert H. Morelos-Zaragoza, Marc P. C. Fossorier, Shu Lin, Hideki Imai

Faculty Publications

In this paper, theoretical upper bounds and computer simulation results on the error performance of multilevel block coded modulations for unequal error protection (UEP) and multistage decoding are presented. It is shown that nonstandard signal set partitionings and multistage decoding provide excellent UEP capabilities beyond those achievable with conventional coded modulation. The coding scheme is designed in such a way that the most important information bits have a lower error rate than other information bits. The large effective error coefficients, normally associated with standard mapping by set partitioning, are reduced by considering nonstandard partitionings of the underlying signal set. The …

Collaborative Distance Education In Power Engineering, Anil Pahwa, Shelli K. Starrett, Kraig J. Olejniczak, S. D. Sudhoff, Mariesa Crow

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

This paper presents a perspective on offering "shared-courses," or courses simultaneously offered at two or more universities via various distance educational frameworks. Over a three year duration, two senior/graduate level courses were jointly developed and offered to the students at the University of Missouri--Rolla, the University of Arkansas, Kansas State University, and Purdue University. This paper discusses the various distance educational technologies including two-way audio/visual via ISDN line, video-tapes, and web-based conferencing. Both instructor and student reactions to these mediums are included. Pedagogical methods appropriate for these mediums are outlined. The paper concludes with recommendations and strategies for engineering institutions …

Emi From Cavity Modes Of Shielding Enclosures-Fdtd Modeling And Measurements, Min Li, Joe Nuebel, James L. Drewniak, Richard E. Dubroff, Todd H. Hubing, Thomas Van Doren

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Electromagnetic interference (EMI) from slots and apertures resulting from coupling of interior sources through enclosure cavity modes in a rectangular test enclosure is reported herein. EMI from a specially designed test enclosure with slots or apertures excited by interior sources was studied experimentally and with finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) modeling. The measurements and FDTD modeling agree well. The results indicate that radiation at cavity mode resonances through slots and apertures of nonresonant dimensions can be as significant as the radiation at aperture or slot resonances. The agreement between the FDTD modeling and measurements demonstrates the usefulness of FDTD for investigating aspects …

Space/Time/Frequency Methods In Adaptive Radar, Christopher D. Peckham

Dissertations

Radar systems may be processed with various space, time and frequency techniques. Advanced radar systems are required to detect targets in the presence of jamming and clutter. This work studies the application of two types of radar systems.

It is well known that targets moving along-track within a Synthetic Aperture Radar field of view are imaged as defocused objects. The SAR stripmap mode is tuned to stationary ground targets and the mismatch between the SAR processing parameters and the target motion parameters causes the energy to spill over to adjacent image pixels, thus hindering target feature extraction and reducing the …

Multi-User Detection For Multi-Rate Ds/Cdma Systems, Jinwen Ma

Dissertations

Wireless cellular communication is witnessing a rapid growth in market, technology and range of services. Current and future demands for wireless communication services motivate the need for handling multi-media traffic types. In a multimedia communication system, users with different and even time-varying rates and quality of services (QoS) requirements, such as voice, image and data, must be accommodated. The use of Spread Spectrum modulation with Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) technology is an attractive approach for economical spectrally efficient and high quality cellular and personal communication services. This dissertation explores the technologies of applying different interference cancellation techniques to multi-rate …

Integrated Product And Process Development Methodologies For Environmentally Conscious Electronic Products, Pingtao Yan

Dissertations

This research focuses on integrated product and process development (IPPD) methodologies for environmentally conscious electronic products. After a review of current research issues in the field of product and process development, a generic framework for IPPD is proposed which describes most of the concerned issues formally as constrained optimization problems. These problems may include such optimization objectives as cost, benefit, and environmental impact. Based on this framework, an IPPD methodology is proposed as a systems approach to competitive and environmentally conscious product and process development. A case study on personal computer development is performed illustrating how to apply the methodology …

Data Hiding In Multimedia - Theory And Applications, Mahalingam Ramkumar

Dissertations

Multimedia data hiding or steganography is a means of communication using subliminal channels. The resource for the subliminal communication scheme is the distortion of the original content that can be tolerated. This thesis addresses two main issues of steganographic communication schemes:

1. How does one maximize the distortion introduced without affecting fidelity of the content?

2. How does one efficiently utilize the resource (the distortion introduced) for communicating as many bits of information as possible? In other words, what is a good signaling strategy for the subliminal communication scheme?

Close to optimal solutions for both issues are analyzed. Many techniques …

Experimental Ion Implantation System For Decaborane Ions, Vijay Babaram

Theses

Future generations of Si technology will require ultra shallow junctions (tens of nm) in the drain and source regions of MOS transistors. Fabrication of such shallow p-type junctions requires implantation of boron at ultra low energies (< 1 keV), below the limits of standard ion implantation technology. A proposed solution involves implantation of B₁₀H_x⁺ ions in which boron atoms carry less than 10% of the beam energy.

This thesis is a part of the feasibility study of this new technology. An experimental ion implantation system was designed and built at Ion Beam and Thin Film Lab, NJIT. The system was tested and the mass analyzing magnet was calibrated using argon ions. Decaborane ions, …

Characterization Of Poly-Si Thin Films Deposited By Magnetron Sputtering Onto Ni Prelayers, Elena A. Guliants, Wayne A. Anderson

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Publications

A method of producing a polycrystalline silicon thin film on a foreign substrate without subsequent annealing has been developed. Thermally evaporated 5–100 nm thick Nifilms served as prelayers for magnetron sputtered Si thin films. A continuous film was obtained as a result of metal induced growth of polysilicon during low temperature (below 600 °C) deposition. The film uniformity is promising for large area device applications. The influence of the Ni prelayer thickness on the grain size of thus obtained films was investigated. Atomic force microscopy and cross-sectional scanning electron microscopy studies revealed features in the 150–600 nm size range while …

Small Planar Monopole Covers Multiband Brans, Max Ammann, L. E. Doyle

Conference papers

The use of a single antenna which can cover a wide range of frequencies is a desirable feature for future wireless communications systems. The emerging self-organising and ad-hoc networks require more than an octave of bandwidth to facilitate multiband operation. A shorted planar monopole antenna is optimised for future wireless networking bands by suitable choice of planar dimension and feedgap separation. The antenna offers a return-loss greater than 10 dB from 1.60 GHz to 5.90 GHz. The radiation pattern is shown to be quasi-omnidirectional within the 10 dB return-loss bandwidth. Antenna properties are compared with the simple planar monopole.

A Hierarchical Channel Selection Scheme For Macro/Micro Cellular Networks, Ayesha Zaheer

Retrospective Theses and Dissertations

Hierarchical channel allocation schemes for cellular networks offer a promising approach to solve the pressing problem of increasing the cellular servicing capacity in spite of the limited radio spectrum available. We propose a hierarchical channel selection scheme for handling handoffs and new calls in micro/macro cellular systems. The scheme is intended to improve the performance and quality of service of these systems by increasing the cell channel utilization, reducing the handoff blocking probability and improving the responsive to new calls.

The proposed scheme is based on several design enhancements including an overflow buffer, which is used for handoff calls that …

Signal Integrity In Deep Submicron Cmos Chip Design, Jignesh Suresh Sonchhatra

Retrospective Theses and Dissertations

Advancement in CMOS technology has become a driving force in the advancement of today's IC design arena. In the past few years, considerable research has been done on the CMOS devices and circuits. Constant efforts have been made to realize smaller and smaller devices by reducing the channel length of the transistors and scaling down various other device parameters. Consequently, various problems have arisen such as interconnect delay, signal integrity and signal coupling.

The purpose of this thesis is to review and understand current problems in IC design and come up with various solutions to them. Efforts have been made …

Vhdl Description For Ip Engine, Bathich Zeliall

Student Works (2000-2009)

Developing hardware support for network layer protocol processing is a very complex and demanding task. However. for optimal performance hardware acceleration can be required. To cope with the situation. this project present a high-level design approach. which targets the development of configurable and reusable components. Therefore it obtains the integration of advanced tools for the development of the IP Engine into the design environment. This process is illustrated based on a TCP/IP header analysis and validation component for which initial performance results are presented. The development of this Engine is embedded in an approach to develop flexible and configurable protocol …

Electroporation Dynamics In Biological Cells Subjected To Ultrafast Electrical Pulses: A Numerical Simulation Study, R. P. Joshi, K. H. Schoenbach

Bioelectrics Publications

A model analysis of electroporation dynamics in biological cells has been carried out based on the Smoluchowski equation. Results of the cellular response to short, electric pulses are presented, taking account of the growth and resealing dynamics of transient aqueous pores. It is shown that the application of large voltages alone may not be sufficient to cause irreversible breakdown, if the time duration is too short. Failure to cause irreversible damage at small pulse widths could be attributed to the time inadequacy for pores to grow and expand beyond a critical threshold radius. In agreement with earlier studies, it is …

Nonlinear Self-Organization In Photorefractive Materials, Partha P. Banerjee, Nickolai Kukhtarev, John O. Dimmock

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Publications

This chapter discusses self-organization and its effects in optics. One of the most exciting and potentially useful areas of current research in optics involves the understanding and exploitation of self-organization in nonlinear optical systems. This self-organization may sometimes lead to the evolution of complex spatial patterns that can be regarded as the nonlinear eigenmodes of the system. Generation of these patterns is characteristically marked by the presence of intensity thresholds. In a nonlinear system with complicated temporal dynamics, it turns out that one cannot retain purity in spatial dimensionality. It is therefore equally important to investigate the dynamics of the …

Micro-Raman Study Of Stress Distribution Generated In Silicon During Proximity Rapid Thermal Diffusion, M. Nolan, T. Perova, R. A. Moore, C. J. Moore, Kevin Berwick, H. S. Gamble

Articles

proximity rapid thermal diffusion (RTD). A compressive stress was found on the whole silicon wafer after 15 s RTD. After 165 s RTD, the distribution of the stress across the wafer was found to be different: compressive at the edge and tensile at the middle. Thermal stress was relieved in the RTD wafers via slip dislocations. These slip dislocations were observed in the product wafers using optical microscopy. Slip lines propagated from the wafer edge to the wafer centre in eight preferred positions of maximum induced stress. The thermally induced stress and the slip dislocation density increased with time spent …

Structural Properties And Stress Analysis Of Sio2 Thin Films, G. Joyce, C. Moore, T. S. Perova, C. Beitia, A. Kocot, Kevin Berwick, Hugh Byrne, J. M. Mcgilp

Conference papers

Wet and dry oxidations of (111) crystalline silicon wafers were performed at temperatures between 900°C and 1150°C and subsequently annealed at 700°C. Process parameters such as the withdrawal rate from the furnace and annealing time were varied and the effect on the oxide layer are discussed. The magnitude and nature of the stress in the wafers after thermal oxidation was analysed using micro-Raman spectroscopy. The Full Width at Half Maximum (FWHM) of the Raman peak at ~ 520 cm-1 was also analysed to extract information relating to crystal disorder and defect density caused by the oxidation process. The results obtained …

Decentralised H_{\Infty} Load Frequency Controller Design Based On Ssvs, Hasan Çi̇men

Turkish Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences

The decentralised load-frequency controller design problem concerned is translated into an equivalent problem of decentralised controller design for a multi-area multi-input multi-output (MIMO) control system. It is shown that subject to a condition based on the structured singular values (SSVs), each local area load-frequency controller can be designed independently. The stability condition for the overall system can be stated as to achieve a sufficient interaction margin. It is demonstrated by computer simulation that within this general framework, local H$_{\infty}$ controllers can be designed to achieve satisfactory performances for a sample two-area power system.

A Schooling On Their Implications For Software Engineering [Trends], Ann K. Miller

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

A discussion is presented on trends in software engineering. This can be done by simply extrapolating some of the popular, current trends. And, in fact, we examine a few of these obvious indicators. However, software engineering has had new approaches that are more revolutionary than evolutionary. In particular, we try to discern trends in software engineering based on trends in delivered software systems.

Distance Spectra For Trellis Coded Modulation Schemes On Channels With Intersymbol Interference, Sabi̇re Haciömeroğlu, Melek D. Yücel

Turkish Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences

The effect of intersymbol interference on distance spectra for trellis coded 8-PSK, 16-QAM and 32-AMPM modulation schemes is evaluated using the methods proposed by Schlegel. Distance spectra of 16-state 8-PSK scheme are computed for different intersymbol interference channels. It is seen that on channels with intersymbol interference the spectral lines are spread into a nearly continuous spectrum and the minimum Euclidean distance between codewords decreases severely. Hence, although the main contribution at large signal to noise ratios comes from the minimum Euclidean distance ( d_{free} ) , higher spectral components also become very important at moderate values of the signal …

Control Chart Pattern Recognition Using Artificial Neural Networks, Şeref Sağiroğlu, Erkan Beşdok, Mehmet Erler

Turkish Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences

Precise and fast control chart pattern (CCP) recognition is important for monitoring process environments to achieve appropriate control and to produce high quality products. CCPs can exhibit six types of pattern: normal, cyclic, increasing trend, decreasing trend, upward shift and downward shift. Except for normal patterns, all other patterns indicate that the process being monitored is not functioning correctly and requires adjustment. This paper describes a new type of neural network for speeding up the training process and to compare three training algorithms in terms of speed, performance and parameter complexity for CCP recognition. The networks are multilayered perceptrons trained …

Time Delayed Process Model Parameter Estimation: A Classification Of Techniques, Aidan O'Dwyer

Conference papers

An extensive though scattered literature exists on the estimation of the model parameters of time delayed processes. However, it is possible to identify themes that are common to many of the proposed techniques. The intention of this paper is to provide a framework against which the literature may be viewed.