Digital Commons Network^™

Causes And Prevention Of Thermal Runaway In Lithium-Ion Batteries — A U.S. Utility Perspective, Shaun Lavin, Kwabena Kyeremeh, Elias Nemeh, David Beyerle, Chad Alkire, Samuel Kelty, Lakshmi Srinivasan, Stephanie Shaw, Erin Minear, Haresh Kamath, Dan Ionel, Aron Patrick

Power and Energy Institute of Kentucky Faculty Publications

Lithium-ion batteries are a critically important technology for maintaining grid reliability with the integration of variable intermittent renewable energy resources. However, lithium-ion batteries also pose significant human safety and infrastructure hazards due to the inherent risk of thermal runaway, fire, and explosion, which should be understood, mitigated, and managed. While battery manufacturers have primary responsibility for the design, manufacturing, and software which are necessary to keep battery storage systems safe, electric utilities also have an important role in understanding these risks and adopting best practices to mitigate them. This paper provides background on utility-scale battery deployment, an overview of a …

Autonomous Coalition Formation For Energy Trading In Intelligent Grid Systems, Issiac Baca

Electrical and Computer Engineering ETDs

This paper introduces an interactive model and architectural framework for a smart grid system, emphasizing the prosumers dual roles as energy buyers and sellers within localized energy trading markets, i.e., coalitions. Initially, the utilities of both buyers and sellers are formulated to capture the benefits derived from their energy-related activities. Then, the paper presents the Approximate SMARTFORM (ASMARTFORM) mechanism, based on the principles of matching theory, to enhance the prosumers engagement in coalitions by addressing externalities influencing their decisions. To further improve the coalition formation process, the Accurate SMARTFORM (AccSMARTFORM) mechanism is formulated based on the theory of coalition games, …

Spatiotemporal Wind Energy Assessment For Transmission Network Integration Considering The Location Of Electrical Substations And Loads, Kwabena Kyeremeh, Rosemary E. Alden, Aron Patrick, Dan M. Ionel

Electrical and Computer Engineering Graduate Research

Wind energy is an abundant renewable resource that can support decarbonization of energy supply. It is, therefore, essential to conduct a comprehensive assessment of wind energy potential for effective transmission network planning and integration. This work introduces a spatial-temporal assessment methodology for wind energy name plate-rated power capacity that considers the locations of electrical substations and transmission lines. This methodology applies Geographic Information System (GIS) land cover data to define siting exclusions for wind turbine installations. The correlation between generated wind power and estimates of power system load, as well as capacity factor, on a sub-regional basis for specific latest …

Safety-Centric Analysis Of Grounding Systems For Substations In Distribution Grids, Fazel Mohammadi, Mahmood Mirhashemi

Electrical & Computer Engineering and Computer Science Faculty Publications

The safety of grounding systems for substations in distribution grids is paramount to ensuring operational reliability, protecting personnel and equipment, and maintaining the stability of distribution grids while complying with regulatory standards. This paper explores essential safety aspects of grounding systems, including fault current handling strategies, the interdependence between protective devices and grounding systems, and maintenance practices. The integration of grounding systems design with overall substation layout and design considerations by focusing on mitigating Ground Potential Rise (GPR) and optimizing bonding techniques, is examined. Additionally, advanced techniques, such as high-frequency grounding and Transient Ground Potential Rise (TGPR) management, are presented …

An Overview Of Ancillary Services Provided By Vehicle-To-Grid Systems, Fazel Mohammadi, Mahmood Mirhashemi

Electrical & Computer Engineering and Computer Science Faculty Publications

Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) systems are emerging as a pivotal technology in modern power systems, offering a range of ancillary services that enhance the stability and reliability of power systems. This paper provides an overview of the key ancillary services provided by V2G systems, highlighting their role in grid modernization. Technical challenges, economic implications, and policy considerations associated with the deployment of V2G systems are explored to assess their potential impact on advancing a more resilient and sustainable energy infrastructure.

Stressfit: A Hybrid Wearable Physicochemical Sensor Suite For Simultaneously Measuring Electromyogram And Sweat Cortisol, Nafize Ishtiaque Hossain, Tanzila Noushin, Shawana Tabassum

Electrical Engineering Faculty Publications and Presentations

This study introduces StressFit, a novel hybrid wearable sensor system designed to simultaneously monitor electromyogram (EMG) signals and sweat cortisol levels. Our approach involves the development of a noninvasive skin patch capable of monitoring skin temperature, sweat pH, cortisol levels, and corresponding EMG signals using a combination of physical and electrochemical sensors integrated with EMG electrodes. StressFit was optimized by enhancing sensor output and mechanical resilience for practical application on curved body surfaces, ensuring accurate acquisition of cortisol, pH, body temperature, and EMG data without sensor interference. In addition, we integrated an onboard data processing unit with Internet of Things …

Analysis Of Multivariable Sensor Responses To Multi-Analyte Gas Samples In The Presence Of Interferents And Humidity, Sakin Sarwar Satter, Florian Bender, Nicholas Post, Antonio J. Ricco, Fabien Josse

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research and Publications

This work presents an adaptive sensor signal-processing approach to enable quantification, using a single gas sensor or a small sensor array, of multianalyte mixtures of aromatic hydrocarbons in the presence of various interferents and humidity for environmental-monitoring applications. Dynamic sensor responses are analyzed by extracting multivariable sensing parameters to provide necessary sensitivity and selectivity. This is achieved by integrating the Levenberg–Marquardt-modified, exponentially weighted, recursive-least-squares-estimation (LM-modified EW-RLSE) algorithm and principal-component analysis (PCA). Achieving measured detection limits as low as 3 μg/L (≤1 ppm by volume) for 6 target analytes, the system exhibits excellent PCA cluster separation for all analytes in the …

Addressing Uncertainty In Renewable Energy Integration For Western Australia’S Mining Cector: A Robust Optimization Approach, Mehrdad Ghahramani, Daryoush Habibi, Seyyedmorteza Ghamari, Asma Aziz

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

The mining industry is a key contributor to Western Australia’s economy, with over 130 mining operations that produce critical minerals such as iron ore, gold, and lithium. Ensuring a reliable and continuous energy supply is vital for these operations. This paper addresses the challenges and opportunities of integrating renewable energy sources into isolated power systems, particularly under uncertainties associated with renewable energy generation and demand. A robust optimization approach is developed to model a multi-source hybrid energy system that considers risk-averse, risk-neutral, and risk-seeking strategies. These strategies address power demand and renewable energy supply uncertainties, ensuring system reliability under various …

Joint Modeling Of Degradation Signals And Time-To-Event Data For The Prediction Of Remaining Useful Life, Sebastian Brumm, Erik Linstead, Junde Chen, Narayanaswamy Balakrishnan, Yuxin Wen

Engineering Faculty Articles and Research

Accurate prediction of remaining useful life (RUL) for in-service systems plays an important role in ensuring efficient operation of industrial equipment and in preventing unexpected equipment failures. In this paper, we present a prognostic framework for real-time RUL prediction based on joint modeling of both degradation signals and time-to-event data. The proposed model employs a change point-based general path model to capture signal non-linearity and Neural network (NN) based Cox model to link the time-to-event data with the estimated degradation trend. An empirical two-step scheme for hyperparameter estimation is proposed to enhance prognostic accuracy. Furthermore, an efficient Bayesian model updating …

Addressing Output Ripples In Low-Power Cmos-Based Multistage Dc-Dc Boost Converters For Self-Powered Electrochemical Sensors Applications, Sameh O. Abdellatif, Ahmat Abdelwahid

Electrical Engineering

No abstract provided.

Design And Analysis Of Optimal Energy Efficient Routing Protocols For Lifetime Maximization And Qos Enhancement In Wireless Body Area Networks, Karthikeyan S

Theses and Dissertations

In recent times, Wireless Body Area Networks (WBAN) a subsection of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) a promising technology for the future healthcare realm with cutting-edge technologies that can assist healthcare professionals like doctors, nurses and biomedical engineers which enables one-to-one care by implementing Tele-Medicine and Tele-Health solutions. Machine Learning (ML) and Internet of Things (IoT) enabled medical big data is the future of the healthcare sector and Medical Technology-based industries leading to applications in other sectors such as fitness tracking for commercial purposes, Sportsperson health monitoring to track their day-to-day activities and wearable devices for critical and emergency care.

Recent …

Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning For Smart Community Energy Management, Patrick Wilk, Ning Wang, Jie Li

Henry M. Rowan College of Engineering Departmental Research

This paper investigates a Local Strategy-Driven Multi-Agent Deep Deterministic Policy Gradient (LSD-MADDPG) method for demand-side energy management systems (EMS) in smart communities. LSD-MADDPG modifies the conventional MADDPG framework by limiting data sharing during centralized training to only discretized strategic information. During execution, it relies solely on local information, eliminating post-training data exchange. This approach addresses critical challenges commonly faced by EMS solutions serving dynamic, increasing-scale communities, such as communication delays, single-point failures, scalability, and nonstationary environments. By leveraging and sharing only strategic information among agents, LSD-MADDPG optimizes decision-making while enhancing training efficiency and safeguarding data privacy—a critical concern in the …

Enhancing Radiation Performance Of A 0.18 Μm Cmos 60 Ghz On-Chip Double-Slot Vivaldi Antenna, Elsayed Ibrahim Elsaidy Mr., Amr H. Hussein Prof.Dr., Mustafa M. Abd Elnaby Prof. Dr.

Journal of Engineering Research

This paper presents the design of a 60-GHz double-slot Vivaldi antenna (DSVA) using standard 0.18 µm CMOS technology. The antenna's two slots are uniformly excited in both amplitude and phase by a coplanar waveguide (CPW) power divider. A double-Y balun feeding structure is also used to transition from the CPW to the coplanar slot line (CPS). Two techniques are investigated to enhance the antenna's radiation characteristics. The first technique involves incorporating equal corrugations along the edges of the flare aperture, resulting in a significant gain enhancement of 0.9 dBi and an improvement in radiation efficiency by 7%. The second technique …

Experimentally Validated Dynamic Equivalent Circuit Model Of Perovskite Solar Cells: Utilizing Machine Learning Algorithms For Parameter Extraction Using I-V And C-V Characteristics, Zahraa Ismail, Eman Sawires, Fathy Amer, Sameh O. Abdellatif

Electrical Engineering

No abstract provided.

Backup Subscription Scheme For Differential Protection Using Iec61850-9-2 Sampled Values, Mohammad Khalili Katoulaei, Aamir Rahmani, Hans Kristian Høidalen, Irina Oleinikova, Bruce A. Mork

Michigan Tech Publications

In IEC-61850-based digital substations, the protection IED’s performance is dependent on merging unit’s vendor implementation, communication networks, and measurement circuit’s health conditions. As the process bus Sampled Value(SV) enables the availability of all sensor data on a communication network, this paper proposes a Backup Subscription scheme (BSS) for a transformer differential protection (87T, PDIF) function. BSS utilizes sensor data in digital substations to achieve a flexible protection scheme using a dynamic subscription feature. Thus, in case of failure of one sensor, differential protection would be maintained. The paper presents the implementation and verification of a prototyped scheme using a Hardware-in-the-loop …

Justification Of The Effectiveness Of Software For The Design Of Open-Pit Mining, Tolib Olimovich Komilov, Bobirjon Nabijonovich Ashurov, Ulugbek Bakhtiyorovich Sattarov, Ma’Ruf Ixtiyorovich Karimov

Technical science and innovation

The article notes that the economic feasibility of implementing a project based on deposits directly affects the economy of the country and the region, as well as the construction of new facilities, the use of the most balanced approaches and design solutions in a complex will allow achieving the set goal of increasing production volumes and bringing the enterprise to a new level of development. In order to achieve the above goals, it has been proven with the implementation of investment projects using software for the design of open-pit mining, it is possible to further develop the region, agriculture with …

Possibility Of Applying Methods Of Analysis And Synthesis Of Linear Electrical Circuits To Some Nonlinear Circuits, Qudrat Gayratovich Abidov, Anvar Ismatullaevich Rahmatullaev, Mexrnoz Odiljonovna Gafurova

Technical science and innovation

This article discusses the possibility of applying the analysis and calculation methods used in linear electric circuits to certain nonlinear circuits. It is shown that if we abandon the quantitative criteria for the analysis and synthesis of nonlinear circuits using linear principles, some problems in nonlinear electrical engineering can be correctly solved based on linear theory. As an example, the simplest ferroresonant voltage stabilizer is considered, using the method of superposition and the equivalence of ferroresonant circuits in series and parallel connections. The electrical diagram is shown, and a formula for the stabilization coefficient is derived, representing a complex nonlinear …

Predictive Residual Neural Networks For Optical Trapping Of Small Particles, Nasim Mohammadi Estrakhri, Ponthea Zahraii, Saman Kashanchi, Nooshin M. Estakhri

Engineering Faculty Articles and Research

Optical tweezers provide a non-contact method to trap, move, and manipulate micro- and nano-sized objects. Using properly designed dielectric and plasmonic nanostructure configurations, optical tweezers have been tailored to create stable and precise trapping for nanoscale objects. Recent advances in numerical optimization techniques allow further enhancement in nanoscale optical traps through inverse optimization of such configurations. One of the main challenges in such optimization approaches is the time-consuming nature of full-wave simulation of nanostructures and postprocessing steps to extract optical forces. To address this challenge, we introduce a surrogate solver based on residual neural networks that can accurately predict the …

Impulse, Fall 2024, Jill Fier, Micayla Standish, Jerome J. Lohr College Of Engineering

Impulse (Jerome J. Lohr College of Engineering Publication)

2 | Math Teacher Counts Her Blessings
3 | New Roles for Burckhard
4 | Three New Department Heads
6 | New Faculty and Staff
8 | Taking Engineering on The Road
10 | Dennis Helder Named Distinguished Alum
12 | Mccomish Endowment Making an Impact
14 | Innovate Sodak Supports Local Projects
16 | R1 the SDSU Way
18 | Nation’s Top Civil Engineering Student Chapter
22 | Hunter Wallster Setting Records
24 | Jenna Currier: When Passion Meets Talent
28 | Student Teams Compete
30 | RASC-AL Team Overcomes Setback
32 | Break the Ice Team Comes Home …

Accurate Synthesis Of Dysarthric Speech For Asr Data Augmentation, Mohammad Soleymanpour, Michael T. Johnson, Rahim Soleymanpour, Jeffrey Berry

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Publications

Dysarthria is a motor speech disorder often characterized by reduced speech intelligibility through slow, uncoordinated control of speech production muscles. Automatic Speech recognition (ASR) systems can help dysarthric talkers communicate more effectively. However, robust dysarthria-specific ASR requires a significant amount of training speech, which is not readily available for dysarthric talkers. This paper presents a new dysarthric speech synthesis method for the purpose of ASR training data augmentation. Differences in prosodic and acoustic characteristics of dysarthric spontaneous speech at varying severity levels are important components for dysarthric speech modeling, synthesis, and augmentation. For dysarthric speech synthesis, a modified neural multi-talker …

This Is An Automated Software Platform For Grid Interconnection Of Renewable Energy Resources., Cathy Chen, Lani Nguyen

College of Engineering Summer Undergraduate Research Program

To help curb climate change, the United States is rapidly electrifying many sectors of the energy economy, such as transportation (electric vehicles) and home heating (electric heat pumps). Thus, recent years have witnessed an explosion of businesses that want to connect and operate energy resources on the electric grid. However, getting an energy resource connected to the grid is an arduous process that takes years or more, requires specialized technical knowledge, and requires navigating complex and varying regulatory procedures. This project will develop a software platform that leverages AI and high-performance computing to automate and accelerate grid interconnection and energy …

Measurement Automation & Measurement System Research Endowment, Brian Bivinetto, Beneda Loya, Shiron Bendrihem

College of Engineering Summer Undergraduate Research Program

Road travel safety is always the most important issue in transportation systems. In general, several factors cause road accidents, such as human error, vehicle mechanical failure, roadway limitations (e.g. pavement, lane geometry, etc.), and inclement weather conditions. The major focus of today’s transportation developments is related to making highway transportation safer, smarter, and greener to enhance livability. Many accidents are caused when drivers lack a better understanding of the surrounding traffic conditions because the driver not only needs to control his/her vehicle but also needs to be aware of the movements of the vehicles around him/her. A driver cannot be …

Sal-E: Responsive Space Pathfinder Mission, Liam Duckworth, Berfredd Quezon

College of Engineering Summer Undergraduate Research Program

The main objective of the SAL-E mission is to grow the Cal Poly CubeSat Lab’s (PolySat) capabilities in rapid spacecraft design, as well as to provide the current generation of students with the opportunity to design, test, integrate, and communicate with a satellite. This summer we will be focusing on a few aspects of the spacecraft design and preparing our test facilities for Fall. Specifically, we will be ordering electronics boards that were designed in Spring, testing the boards as they arrive, developing software to interface with the payloads, begin integrated testing, updating the control system in our thermal vacuum …

Distributed Multi-Robot Localization And Coordination Framework For Mobile Robots, Dmitri Dobrynin, Indigo T. Garcia

College of Engineering Summer Undergraduate Research Program

This project aims to develop an experimental framework for multiple mobile robots, both in simulation and real-world hardware, using ROS 2 as the primary operating system. Utilizing TurtleBot 3 platforms, the team will establish a robust setup that enables tasks such as distributed localization, autonomous navigation, path planning, and formation control for mobile robots. Leveraging simulation environments like Gazebo, the project will replicate real-world setups in a simulated environment for testing and development. All tasks, communication, and sensor integration will be implemented using ROS 2, ensuring seamless coordination and interoperability among the robots. The project involves integrating various sensors and …

Numerical Modelling Of Carrier Transport In Organic Field Effect Transistors, Sameh O. Abdellatif, Salma Ahmed

Electrical Engineering

No abstract provided.

Thermal Management Of Power Electronic Devices Using Single Crystal Aln Heat Spreaders, Md Abdullah-Al Mamun

Theses and Dissertations

Due to high critical electric field and saturation velocity, wide bandgap (WBG) III-Nitride semiconductor materials (AlxGa1-xN) and their heterostructures have gone through extensive research in academia and industry for applications requiring high-voltage, high-current, high-frequency, and high-temperature transistor operation. AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistor (HEMT) has been commercialized for 650-V power converters, smartphones, PCs, USB wall power outlets, on-board and off-board EV chargers, and numerous other applications. However, AlGaN/GaN HEMTs grown on low-cost sapphire or Si substrates face significant self-heating issues due to the poor thermal conductivity of the substrate. The high thermal resistance (RTH) and heat capacity of the substrates …

Development Of Avalanche Photo Detector For Uv-C Using Gallium Oxide Material System, Md Ghulam Ghulam Zakir

Theses and Dissertations

This work describes the metal-organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) optimization process for epitaxially grown gallium oxide (Ga2O3) layers, electrical field distribution, and the design for Avalanche Photo Detector (APD). MOCVD is a well-accepted process in the semiconductor industry, as it is well-known for its precise deposition of ultra-thin, high-quality semiconductor layers with extraordinary control over composition and thickness. The choice of Ga2O3 is due to r its distinctive properties of ultra-wide bandgap and low turn-on resistance. Thus, Ga₂O₃-based materials can withstand high voltage and current with the least energy loss, making them an attractive choice for …

Remote Operated Amateur Radio Using Raspberry Pi And Limesdr, Esteban I. Perez

College of Engineering Summer Undergraduate Research Program

This project presents the design and implementation of a portable, remotely programmable amateur radio system operating on the 2-meter and 70-cm bands. The system utilizes Raspberry Pi 5 and LimeSDR hardware to facilitate communication between aerial and ground units, allowing for efficient transmission and reception of synchronization and calibration waveforms. A custom communication protocol incorporating BPSK modulation and a two-tone signaling mechanism enables time-of-flight measurements for calculating distances between nodes. This low-cost solution has potential applications in civilian sectors, such as search and rescue operations, where accurate direction finding and target localization are critical. Full-duplex operation enhances the system's capability …

Solar Pv And Ev Controls For Reactive Power Support On Large Distribution Systems Modeled With Experimental And Synthetic Loads, Rosemary E. Alden, Malcolm Mcculloch, Dan M. Ionel

Electrical and Computer Engineering Graduate Research

Changes to electric power distribution equipment may be needed to adapt to distributed energy resources (DERs) such as solar photovoltaic (PV) generation and electric vehicle (EV) batteries. Within this paper, an optimization methodology for reactive power support (RPS) controls managed by utilities for EV bi-directional charger power factor and improve substation power quality and voltage across the system is proposed. An IEEE benchmark distribution system, the 123 node test feeder, is modified to include 1,765 experimental residential profiles at typical, high resolution of 15min from smart meters, solar PV generation calculated from weather data, and EV modules based on driver …

Bht-Qaoa: The Generalization Of Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm To Solve Arbitrary Boolean Problems As Hamiltonians, Ali Al-Bayaty, Marek Perkowski

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Publications and Presentations

A new methodology is introduced to solve classical Boolean problems as Hamiltonians, using the quantum approximate optimization algorithm (QAOA). This methodology is termed the “Boolean-Hamiltonians Transform for QAOA” (BHT-QAOA). Because a great deal of research and studies are mainly focused on solving combinatorial optimization problems using QAOA, the BHTQAOA adds an additional capability to QAOA to find all optimized approximated solutions for Boolean problems, by transforming such problems from Boolean oracles (in different structures) into Phase oracles, and then into the Hamiltonians of QAOA. From such a transformation, we noticed that the total utilized numbers of qubits and quantum gates …