Digital Commons Network^™

Play Lu Interactive Technology And Standardized Mathematics Scores, Oguz Yildiz

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Technology-based learning tools provide new opportunities to engage students in learning academic content. This study focuses on one such tool, Play Lu Interactive Technology (PLIT), and analyzes how students’ math achievement on standardized test scores differs between students who have used PLIT and students who have not. PLIT is designed to improve students’ communication and teamwork skills in addition to math skills. The data were collected from seventh-grade students at a public school in the state of New York that used PLIT to support students’ academic achievement in math. Due to scheduling limitations, only half of the seventh-grade students used …

Urban School District Principals’ Perceptions Of Job Satisfaction, Darcy Lynn Woodcock

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Principals in urban school districts directly and indirectly affect school communitiesthrough student achievement, teacher retention, and school climate. When a high-quality school principal leaves a school, it can negatively affect these areas due to the interruption of progress toward school improvement goals to increase student achievement. Seeking to address this issue, the purpose of this qualitative case study was to investigate the perceptions of job satisfaction among urban school district principals. The conceptual framework was Herzberg’s motivation-hygiene theory. The key research question concerned investigating the perceptions of job satisfaction among urban school district principals. Qualitative data were collected via virtual, …

Exploring The Strategies English As A Second Language Teachers Use To Teach Students, Unika Lasha Felton

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

AbstractIn the local school district under study located in southern United States, English as second language (ESL) students are experiencing lower than expected standardized testing scores according to expectations set forth by the state Department of Education. The purpose of this project study was to explore the strategies ESL teachers use to teach ESL students. The conceptual framework was Gagne’s conditions of learning theory, which is used to assess students’ lack of preparation for future academic and career success. The research question asked what strategies ESL teachers use to teach ESL students. A qualitative exploratory case study with purposive sampling …

Teacher Perceptions About Instructional Delivery For Chinese International Students, Valerie Lorraine Marchione

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

The problem that prompted this study was that teachers at a local private school werestruggling to identify and implement appropriate instructional strategies to promote international student academic and social engagement. The purpose of this study was to examine teacher perceptions and experiences about instructing international students. The conceptual framework of this study was based on Vygotsky’s theory of social constructivism. The research questions explored teachers’ perceptions about their knowledge, experiences, and perceptions of students’ school acculturation and teachers’ instructional processes. A case study design was used to capture the insights of 12 high school teachers of international students through semistructured …

General Education And Special Education Teachers’ Perceptions Of Co-Teaching In High Schools, Julia Pitts

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

AbstractGeneral Education and Special Education Teachers’ Perceptions of Co-Teaching in High Schools by Julia A. Pitts

Doctoral Study Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Education

Walden University March 2021 Abstract Students with special needs are being integrated into general education classrooms. To accommodate these students, schools are using an instructional delivery method with two teachers, one general education and one special education in the same classroom. The goal of this qualitative study was to understand perceptions of general and special education teachers who were assigned to work in co-taught classrooms. The concept that …

Faculty, Clinical Supervisors, And Teacher Candidate Perceptions And Experiences Of Teacher Candidate Feedback, Timothy John Martin Calver

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

The problem at a West Coast university was that the university’s teacher education program lead faculty and teacher candidates stated they were concerned about the quality of feedback provided to teacher candidates who are assessed by clinical supervisors during their field-based experiences. The purpose of this qualitative study was to understand the perceptions and experiences of teacher candidates, clinical supervisors, and teacher education department (TED) faculty regarding the feedback process. The conceptual framework used for this study was Argyris’ theory of single-loop and double-loop learning to support the research question. The research question was focused on perceptions about the feedback …

School Leaders’ Perspectives Of The Uva Model For Instructional Leadership Competency, Shelley Anne Halverson

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Research shows supportive partnerships between school districts and universities can enhance school district performance. Such a relationship was used to address the problem of lacking quality instructional leadership capacity of school leaders placed in target turnaround school settings to improve teacher efficacy and student achievement. The purpose of this study was to create deep understanding of the perceptions of target turnaround school leaders that participated in the target district’s partnership with the University of Virginia Partnership for Leadership in Education (UVA-PLE), to improve their instructional leadership competency. Guided by a leadership competency framework developed by McClelland and applied by UVA-PLE, …

Administrators’ And Teachers’ Perceptions Of Professional Learning Communities As Replacements For Traditional Professional Development, Antwonette Woodlon

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Professional learning communities (PLCs) positively influence students’ and teachers’ success. Yet, traditional professional development, involving passive learning, is still widely used. The problem addressed in this qualitative case study is little is known about administrators’ perceptions about PLCs as replacements for traditional forms of professional development (PD). Administrators’ and teachers’ perceptions of PLCs should be explored to learn more about why PLCs are underutilized in schools, despite their proven effectiveness. The primary conceptual framework used for this study was Knowles’ adult learning theory supported by Contextual learning theory. Purposeful sampling was used to recruit eight participants – four administrators and …

Understanding Principals' Perceptions Of Leadership For Implementation Of Social-Emotional Learning (Sel) Programs, Margaret Akinnusi

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

School principals' leadership strategies and collaborative efforts contribute immensely to defining and managing goals in response to any educational initiatives, including social-emotional learning (SEL) programs. The problem prompting this study was the disproportionate special education referral and school suspension of minority students. Although the focus school district adopted an SEL curriculum and tasked principals with implementation to reduce disproportionality, these disparities continue to persist. This qualitative descriptive study explored 10 principals' leadership strategies and implementation challenges regarding SEL program implementation to close the disparity of special education identification and the suspension and expulsion of minority students at an urban school …

Elementary Principals’ Behaviors And Actions For Retaining Teachers, Sharonda Gregory

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

AbstractPrincipal support is critical in promoting teacher retention, which has continued to be a challenge in elementary schools in the United States. The purpose of this qualitative case study was to ascertain how principals described their strategies for retaining teachers at elementary schools in a large, urban-suburban school district in the Eastern United States. The conceptual framework was based on Herzberg’s motivation-hygiene theory and transformational leadership theory. The research questions addressed challenges, supports, and leadership practices principals identified that increased teacher retention in the elementary school setting. Semistructured interviews were conducted with eight elementary school principals who had at least …

Employee Perceptions Of Collaborative Communication Skills Learned In The Informal Workplace, Wendy Marie Lewis

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Collaborative communication skills are underdeveloped through higher education experiences; therefore, employees need to develop these skills while working. Current research has not focused on how employees identify collaborative communication skills developed from informal workplace learning experiences, specifically those presented as coaching, mentoring, and networking. Marsick and Watkins’s informal workplace learning theory was the conceptual framework for this basic qualitative study, which used a researcher-produced interview protocol with eight United States employees who had been in their positions longer than 6 months. Data were analyzed using three rounds of hand coding. Participants described how informal coaching, mentoring, and networking encounters influenced …

Understanding Teachers' Choice For Implementing The Flipped Classroom Model, Daphney Phillip

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

The flipped classroom model has been proven to impact students' learning positively, but many educators are reluctant to implement the flipped learning model in their classrooms. There are few studies addressing educators' choice to implement the flipped classroom model at the middle school level. This qualitative study aimed to explore teachers’ choices for implementing the flipped learning model, to provide evidence-based practices and recommendations for the creation of a support system, and to help create a support system to assist teachers to use the flipped learning model successfully. The study centered on two questions regarding how teachers described their choices …

General And Special Educators’ Perceptions Of Transition For Students With Disabilities, Doris Louise Rouson Butler

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Students with disabilities (SWDs) require a transition process to support high school graduation and continuation to higher education or the workforce. In a rural district in a southern state, the problem investigated was only 37% of SWDs were graduating from high schools in the target district, compared to 79.9% of students without disabilities, which suggested that the transition design and implementation did not support SWDs’ needs. Using a transition-focused conceptual framework, the purpose of this basic qualitative study was to understand the perceptions of educators regarding the design and implementation of the transition process for SWDs at the high schools …

The Academic And Nonacademic Perceived Barriers And Resources Of Latinx First Generation Students At A Community College, Jessica Caridad Rivera

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Since the 1970s, the college enrollment of Latinx first generation students (FGS) has increased nationally and within the research site. In this vein, the purpose of this qualitative study was to gain an understanding regarding the actual academic and nonacademic experiences that prevent Latinx FGS from graduating community college. This qualitative study was framed by Ladson-Billings and Tate’s theory of critical race in education to explore what Latinx FGS identify as barriers in graduating from a community college while providing feedback on how college leadership can support them in graduating. By using a phenomenological tradition, participants used storytelling to define …

Instructional Leadership Practices Of Middle School Principals Regarding Students With Learning Disabilities, Sharon Dixson

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

AbstractA problem existed among middle school principals in that they appeared to inconsistently apply instructional leadership practices while supporting their teachers teaching students with learning disabilities. How the principals perceived these inconsistencies and the possible effects on practice was not fully understood. The purpose of this study was to understand the perceptions of middle school principals regarding their instructional leadership practices to consistently support teachers who teach students with learning disabilities. The conceptual framework comprised the instructional leadership theory of Murphy, Hallinger, Weil, and Mitman. The research question addressed the perceptions of middle school principals regarding their instructional leadership practices …

Administrators’ Perceptions Of Student Dropout Interventions, Jennifer Alden Holmstrom

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Educational leaders have implemented a number of programs and practices to reduce the number of students who drop out of U.S. high schools, yet little is known in the research literature and at the practice level about how administrators perceive these interventions. The problem that this study addressed was a lack of knowledge about which implemented school practices and intervention programs are effective for reducing dropout rates from the perspectives of administrators in a Mid-Atlantic state. The purpose of this basic qualitative study was to explore administrators’ perceptions concerning implemented school practices and intervention programs intended to reduce dropout rates. …

Emergency Managers’ Perceptions Of Active Threat Preparedness In Higher Education, Shannon Daniel

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

The shooting on Virginia Tech’s campus that left 32 dead in 2007 and other incidents since then resulted in active threat preparations at institutions of higher education (IHEs) in the United States. Little is known about how emergency managers understand campus preparedness and what enhanced learning in the implementation, training, and effectiveness of policies. The purpose of this basic qualitative study was to understand how campus emergency managers perceived the effectiveness of the design and implementation of their standard operating procedures to protect against an active threat and what the emergency managers perceived enhanced their learning in the design and …

Retention And Employability Of Native American And Alaskan Native Undergraduates In Public Universities, Dottie Hines Chicquelo

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Scholars have called for generalized academic and social change for the United States Native American and Alaskan Native students (the U.S. NA/AN) and the need for reform continues. The purpose of this qualitative phenomenological study was to explore strategies used at the U.S. public universities to support U.S. NA/AN students and identify strategies to improved students’ employment pathways after graduation. The management problem was the lack of retention strategies used to support the U.S. NA/AN student engagement within communities after graduation. The general management problem looked at how the lack of retention strategies affected the U.S. NA/AN student employability after …

Community College Faculty Experiences With Literacy And Student Engagement In Developmental Courses, Amber L. Duncan Schoolcraft

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

There is a literacy gap reflected in high school students’ preparation as they enter college. Empirical literature has indicated the importance of faculty connecting with students by using best practices for more engagement to increase literacy, learning, and comprehension. A question remained what the experiences of community college faculty members were as they worked to increase student engagement and improve literacy in reading and writing in developmental freshman community college composition courses. The theory of andragogy and the theory of cultural literacy provided the framework for understanding community college instructors’ approaches of engaging their adult students in developmental courses. Using …

K-12 Teachers' Perceptions Of Barriers To Implementing Service Learning, Cassandra Aiesha Lewis

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

K-12 teachers in a large metropolitan school district in the Northeast United States experienced difficulties integrating service learning into the curriculum due to state-based curriculum standards. The purpose of this descriptive case study was to explore K-12 teachers’ perceptions of barriers to, and best practices that support, implementation of service learning into the curriculum while considering state-based curriculum standards. Cooperrider and Srivastva’s theory of appreciative inquiry, which emphasizes assets rather than deficits within organizational structures, was used as the conceptual framework that guided data collection and analysis. Research questions were used to describe the perceived barriers to, and best practices …

Elementary School Principals’ Perceptions Regarding Instructional Leadership Practices Supporting Character Education, Dawn Angela Engle

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

AbstractThe problem addressed in this project study was that principals at the elementary schools under study had been inconsistent in applying instructional leadership practices (ILP) supporting character education (CE). The purpose of this study was to examine the perceptions of elementary school principals regarding ILP to support CE. The instructional leadership model was the conceptual framework guiding the study. The research question asked what practices elementary school principals implement to support CE in their schools. A basic qualitative research design with purposive sampling was used to select elementary school principals who were state-certified and administrators for at least 2 years. …

K-12 Teachers' Perceptions Of Barriers To Implementing Service Learning, Cassandra Aiesha Lewis

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

K-12 teachers in a large metropolitan school district in the Northeast United States experienced difficulties integrating service learning into the curriculum due to state-based curriculum standards. The purpose of this descriptive case study was to explore K-12 teachers’ perceptions of barriers to, and best practices that support, implementation of service learning into the curriculum while considering state-based curriculum standards. Cooperrider and Srivastva’s theory of appreciative inquiry, which emphasizes assets rather than deficits within organizational structures, was used as the conceptual framework that guided data collection and analysis. Research questions were used to describe the perceived barriers to, and best practices …

¡Con Ganas Todo Se Puede! Journeys Of First-Generation Latina Nontraditional Community College Student-Mothers / ¡Con Ganas Todo Se Puede! Viajes De Madres Latinas No Tradicional Que Son Estudiantes Primera-Generacion En Colegio Comunitario, Myra Gardea-Hernández

University of the Pacific Theses and Dissertations

Nontraditional college student enrollment in the United States is rapidly growing and is predicted to continue to increase. Similarly, female students are currently the majority student population on college campuses. Although numerous studies document college student experiences, few focus on first-generation Latinas who are student-mothers at community colleges. The purpose of this study was to explore the educational experiences of first-generation Latina nontraditional student-mothers enrolled at a community college in California to identify the ways in which grit (ganas) and mindsets influenced their success. This inquiry followed Moustakas’s (1994) transcendental phenomenology research process. Individual interviews of five Latinas were analyzed …

Evaluation Of A Division I Mid-Major University’S Student-Athlete Mental Health Program, Heather M. Swanson

University of the Pacific Theses and Dissertations

The following executive summary provides high level findings of a student-athlete mental health program (SAMHP) at a National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I mid-major university. Various elements of the SAMHP were evaluated to create a well-rounded understanding of the program to determine sustainability, goals, and stakeholder expectations. Findings from this study provided insight on stakeholder needs, program successes, and implications for program improvements.

A Qualitative Study Of The Lao American College Experience, Jerry Sithiphone

University of the Pacific Theses and Dissertations

The majority of the Lao American population arrived in the United States after the end of the “American War in Southeast Asia” in 1975 as political refugees. Nevertheless, as Asian Americans, Lao Americans are also stereotyped to be the “model minority” and therefore do not face the same educational and socioeconomical challenges like other communities of color. However, Lao Americans are not the model minority and face numerous obstacles as the community is overlooked and history is forgotten by mainstream America. The lack of scholarly literature on Lao Americans highlights not only the general misunderstanding of the community, but also …

Stress Resilience Development Of Undergraduate Student Leaders At Faith-Based Universities During The Covid-19 Pandemic: A Grounded Theory Study, David Heitman

University of the Pacific Theses and Dissertations

Undergraduate student leaders express increasing stress levels, often leaving them unprepared to lead in a complex world of challenge and change. While higher education heavily invests in preparing graduates to think critically and lead successfully, research shows an increasing number of students display low-stress resiliency and risk-aversion while struggling to cope with challenge and failure pre-and post-graduation. This study, conducted at faith-based Christian universities during the COVID-19 pandemic, used grounded theory to generate a generalizable leadership stress resilience model that explains: (a) Why and how undergraduate student leaders experience stress; (b)The influence of stress on student leaders at faith-based institutions; …

Replanting A Wild Seed: Black Women School Leaders Subverting Ideological Lynching, Whitneé Louise Garrett-Walker

Doctoral Dissertations

Much race-based educational research is focused on teachers interrupting systems ofoppression in their classrooms, through methods such as curriculum and instruction, and preparing students to engage in the world (Alston, 2012; Bertrand & Rodela, 2017; Carpenter & Diem, 2013; Gooden & Dantley, 2012; Furman, 2012). I intentionally focus my attention on school leadership because while all stakeholders are responsible for maintaining school culture, as school leaders it is our responsibility to create conditions where the work of enacting social justice is expected in our schools. There continues to be a gap in educational research that deeply examines this level of …

Elementary Principals' And Teachers' Educational Beliefs And Practices In Inclusive Schools, Dawn Hill

Dissertations

This qualitative study will explore the educational beliefs and practices of elementary principals and teachers in inclusive schools. Nine elementary schools in a unit district are the focus of this study given the significant gains made in closing the achievement gap between students with disabilities and their non-disabled peers. The research questions in this study are as follows: (1) How are principals’ LRE beliefs and practices related to student achievement? (2) How are teachers’ LRE beliefs and practices related to student achievement? The elementary schools included in this study not only narrowed the achievement gap between students with IEPs and …

แนวทางการพัฒนาการบริหารสู่ความเป็นเลิศของศูนย์บ่มเพาะผู้ประกอบการในสถานศึกษาอาชีวศึกษาเอกชน จังหวัดลพบุรี ตามแนวคิดผู้ประกอบการอัจฉริยะ, จิรวรรณ จอมศิลป์

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

การวิจัยนี้มีวัตถุประสงค์เพื่อ 1) ศึกษาความต้องการจำเป็นของการพัฒนาการบริหารสู่ความเป็นเลิศของศูนย์บ่มเพาะผู้ประกอบการในสถานศึกษาอาชีวศึกษาเอกชน จังหวัดลพบุรี ในการพัฒนาผู้เรียนให้มีสมรรถนะผู้ประกอบการอัจฉริยะ 2) นำเนอแนวทางพัฒนาการบริหารสู่ความเป็นเลิศของศูนย์บ่มเพาะผู้ประกอบการในสถานศึกษาอาชีวศึกษาเอกชน จังหวัดลพบุรี ในการพัฒนาผู้เรียนให้มีสมรรถนะผู้ประกอบการอัจฉริยะ โดยใช้ระเบียบวิธีวิจัยแบบบรรยาย ประชากรที่ใช้ในการวิจัย คือ ศูนย์บ่มเพาะผู้ประกอบการอาชีวศึกษาของสถานศึกษาอาชีวศึกษาเอกชนในจังหวัดลพบุรีจำนวน 6 แห่ง ผู้ให้ข้อมูล เลือกโดยกำหนดคุณสมบัติประกอบด้วย ผู้บริหาร ครู ผู้เรียน และเจ้าของสถานประกอบการ จำนวน 96 เครื่องมือที่ใช้ในการวิจัย คือแบบสอบถามสภาพปัจจุบันและสภาพที่พึงประสงค์ และแบบประเมินความเหมาะสมและความเป็นไปได้ (ร่าง) แนวทางฯสถิติที่ใช้วิเคราะห์ ประกอบด้วย ความถี่ ร้อยละ ค่าเฉลี่ยเลขคณิต ส่วนเบี่ยงเบนมาตรฐาน การวิเคราะห์ดัชนีความต้องการจำเป็น ฐานนิยมและการวิเคราะห์เชิงเนื้อหา ผลการวิจัยพบว่า 1) ดัชนีความต้องการจำเป็นในการพัฒนาบริหารสู่ความเป็นเลิศของศูนย์บ่มเพาะผู้ประกอบการในสถานศึกษาอาชีวศึกษาเอกชน จังหวัดลพบุรี ตามแนวคิดผู้ประกอบการอัจฉริยะที่มีค่าสูงสุด คือด้านผู้เรียนและผู้มีส่วนได้ส่วนเสีย (PNI [modified] =0.513) รองลงมา ได้แก่ ด้านผู้ปฏิบัติงาน (PNI [modified] =0.484) ด้านการวัด การวิเคราะห์ และการบริหารจัดการความรู้ (PNI [modified] =0.482) ด้านกลยุทธ์ (PNI [modified] =0.416) ด้านการนำองค์กร (PNI [modified] =0.412) ด้านผลลัพธ์ (PNI [modified] =0.403) และด้านการปฏิบัติการ (PNI [modified] =0.391) ตามลำดับ 2) แนวทางการพัฒนาการบริหารสู่ความเป็นเลิศของศูนย์บ่มเพาะผู้ประกอบการในสถานศึกษาอาชีวศึกษาเอกชน จังหวัดลพบุรี ประกอบด้วย 6 แนวทาง12 แนวทางย่อย 45 วิธีการดำเนินการ เรียงตามลำดับดัชนีความต้องการจำเป็น ดังนี้ (1) พัฒนาผู้ให้มีสมรรถนะผู้ประกอบการอัจฉริยะ ด้านการคำนึงถึงผลกระทบของธุรกิจ และการคิดริเริ่มสร้างสรรค์ โดยยึดโยงกับความต้องการของผู้เรียนและผู้มีส่วนได้ส่วนเสีย (2) เสริมสร้างศักยภาพครู และวิทยากรจากสถานประกอบการ ในการส่งเสริมผู้เรียนให้มีสมรรถนะผู้ประกอบการอัจฉริยะ ด้านการขับเคลื่อนธุรกิจด้วยเทคโนโลยี ดิจิทัล และนวัตกรรม และการคิดริเริ่มสร้างสรรค์ (3) พลิกโฉมระบบการวัด การวิเคราะห์ …

แนวทางการพัฒนาการมองโลกเชิงบวกทางวิชาการของครูโรงเรียนประถมศึกษา สังกัดสำนักงานเขตบางขุนเทียน กรุงเทพมหานคร, สิทธิศักดิ์ สิทธิจินดา

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

การวิจัยครั้งนี้มีวัตถุประสงค์เพื่อ 1) ศึกษาความต้องการจำเป็นของการพัฒนาการมองโลกเชิงบวกทางวิชาการของครูโรงเรียนประถมศึกษาสังกัดสำนักงานเขตบางขุนเทียน กรุงเทพมหานคร 2) นำเสนอแนวทางการพัฒนาการมองโลกเชิงบวกทางวิชาการของครูโรงเรียนประถมศึกษาสังกัดสำนักงานเขตบางขุนเทียน กรุงเทพมหานคร ประชากรที่ศึกษา คือ โรงเรียนประถมศึกษาสังกัดสำนักงานเขตบางขุนเทียน กรุงเทพมหานคร จำนวน 7 โรงเรียน ปีการศึกษา 2564 ผู้ให้ข้อมูล คือ ผู้บริหาร หัวหน้ากลุ่มสาระการเรียนรู้ 8 กลุ่มสาระ ครูผู้สอนวิชาแนะแนว ครูผู้สอนวิชาลูกเสือ-เนตรนารี จำนวนทั้งหมด 96 คน เครื่องมือที่ใช้ในการวิจัย คือ แบบสอบถามความคิดเห็นแบบมาตราส่วนประมาณค่า 5 ระดับ สถิติที่ใช้ในการวิเคราะห์ข้อมูล ได้แก่ ความถี่ (Frequency) ค่าร้อยละ (Percentage) ค่าเฉลี่ยเลขคณิต (x ) ส่วนเบี่ยงเบนมาตรฐาน (Standard Deviation : S.D.) การวิเคราะห์ดัชนีลำดับความต้องการจำเป็น (Modify Priority Needs Index:PNI [modified]) ฐานนิยม (Mode) และวิเคราะห์เชิงเนื้อหา (Content Analysis) ผลการวิจัยพบว่า 1) สภาพปัจจุบันของการมองโลกเชิงบวกทางวิชาการของครูโรงเรียนประถมศึกษาสังกัดสำนักงานเขตบางขุนเทียน กรุงเทพมหานคร ในภาพรวมอยู่ในระดับมาก โดยด้านที่มีค่าเฉลี่ยสูงสุด คือ ด้านการรับรู้ความสามารถของครู และด้านที่มีค่าเฉลี่ยต่ำ สุดคือ ด้านการไว้วางใจของครูต่อนักเรียนและผู้ปกครอง ส่วนสภาพที่พึงประสงค์ ในภาพรวมอยู่ในระดับมากที่สุด โดยด้านที่มีค่าเฉลี่ยสูงสุด คือ การมุ่งเน้นวิชาการของครู และด้านที่มีค่าเฉลี่ยต่ำสุด คือ การไว้วางใจของครูต่อนักเรียนและผู้ปกครอง ลำดับความต้องการจำเป็นของการพัฒนาการมองโลกเชิงบวกทางวิชาการของครูโรงเรียนประถมศึกษาสังกัดสำนักงานเขตบางขุนเทียน กรุงเทพมหานคร มีลำดับความต้องการจำเป็นจากสูงไปหาต่ำ คือ ด้านการไว้วางใจของครูต่อนักเรียนและผู้ปกครอง (PNI [modified] = 0.411) ด้านการมุ่งเน้นวิชาการของครู (PNI [modified] = 0.301) และด้านที่มีลำดับความต้องการจำเป็นต่ำสุด คือ ด้านการรับรู้ความสามารถของครู (PNI [modified] = 0.280) 2) แนวทางการการพัฒนาการมองโลกเชิงบวกทางวิชาการของครูโรงเรียนประถมศึกษาสังกัดสำนักงานเขตบางขุนเทียน กรุงเทพมหานคร …