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A Qualitative Study Of The Lao American College Experience, Jerry Sithiphone

University of the Pacific Theses and Dissertations

The majority of the Lao American population arrived in the United States after the end of the “American War in Southeast Asia” in 1975 as political refugees. Nevertheless, as Asian Americans, Lao Americans are also stereotyped to be the “model minority” and therefore do not face the same educational and socioeconomical challenges like other communities of color. However, Lao Americans are not the model minority and face numerous obstacles as the community is overlooked and history is forgotten by mainstream America. The lack of scholarly literature on Lao Americans highlights not only the general misunderstanding of the community, but also …

Sustainable International Engagement Using A Partner Co-Hosted Teaching Model, Brian Gillespie, Paul Doyle, Zy Jiang, Darryl Humble

Conference Papers

Internationalisation is a significant activity of Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) worldwide and is typically embedded within the aims, ambitions, vision, and strategy of the institution. It incorporates the policies and procedures required to facilitate participation within a global academic environment, and is often considered to be a transformative process that impacts practices in teaching and learning, research, and administration. With formal protocols to establish partnerships, such as memoranda of understanding and articulation agreements, the business of formally creating international partnerships is well defined. However, the motivations, corresponding metrics and key performance indicators (KPIs) of successful partnerships are not as well …

Stress Resilience Development Of Undergraduate Student Leaders At Faith-Based Universities During The Covid-19 Pandemic: A Grounded Theory Study, David Heitman

University of the Pacific Theses and Dissertations

Undergraduate student leaders express increasing stress levels, often leaving them unprepared to lead in a complex world of challenge and change. While higher education heavily invests in preparing graduates to think critically and lead successfully, research shows an increasing number of students display low-stress resiliency and risk-aversion while struggling to cope with challenge and failure pre-and post-graduation. This study, conducted at faith-based Christian universities during the COVID-19 pandemic, used grounded theory to generate a generalizable leadership stress resilience model that explains: (a) Why and how undergraduate student leaders experience stress; (b)The influence of stress on student leaders at faith-based institutions; …

Annual Report Of The Registrar 2020/2021, University Of Northern Iowa

Institutional Effectiveness & Planning Documents

Contents:

--- Definitions
--- Some Comparisons
--- Annual Report Data
--- Summary of Attendance
--- Attendance by Session
--- Degrees Granted 2020/21
--- Degree Summary 2020/21
--- Program Certificates 2020/21
--- Miscellaneous Enrollment Information
--- Degrees Granted by College, Degree and Racial/Ethnic Classification

Emergency Managers’ Perceptions Of Active Threat Preparedness In Higher Education, Shannon Daniel

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

The shooting on Virginia Tech’s campus that left 32 dead in 2007 and other incidents since then resulted in active threat preparations at institutions of higher education (IHEs) in the United States. Little is known about how emergency managers understand campus preparedness and what enhanced learning in the implementation, training, and effectiveness of policies. The purpose of this basic qualitative study was to understand how campus emergency managers perceived the effectiveness of the design and implementation of their standard operating procedures to protect against an active threat and what the emergency managers perceived enhanced their learning in the design and …

Retention And Employability Of Native American And Alaskan Native Undergraduates In Public Universities, Dottie Hines Chicquelo

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Scholars have called for generalized academic and social change for the United States Native American and Alaskan Native students (the U.S. NA/AN) and the need for reform continues. The purpose of this qualitative phenomenological study was to explore strategies used at the U.S. public universities to support U.S. NA/AN students and identify strategies to improved students’ employment pathways after graduation. The management problem was the lack of retention strategies used to support the U.S. NA/AN student engagement within communities after graduation. The general management problem looked at how the lack of retention strategies affected the U.S. NA/AN student employability after …

Community College Faculty Experiences With Literacy And Student Engagement In Developmental Courses, Amber L. Duncan Schoolcraft

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

There is a literacy gap reflected in high school students’ preparation as they enter college. Empirical literature has indicated the importance of faculty connecting with students by using best practices for more engagement to increase literacy, learning, and comprehension. A question remained what the experiences of community college faculty members were as they worked to increase student engagement and improve literacy in reading and writing in developmental freshman community college composition courses. The theory of andragogy and the theory of cultural literacy provided the framework for understanding community college instructors’ approaches of engaging their adult students in developmental courses. Using …

Analysis Of School Discipline Policies At A Title I High School In Texas, Kimberly N. Guess

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Discipline referrals and suspensions are used as a last resort to address inappropriate student behavior in schools. The problem investigated in this study was the inconsistent trend in the number of discipline referrals and suspensions during implementation of three different discipline policies (zero tolerance, progressive discipline, and restorative practice) at a local Title I high school in north Texas from 2013 to 2019. Guided by Skinner’s theory of behaviorism, the purpose of this quantitative, ex post facto study was to determine if significant differences in the total number of disciplinary referrals and suspensions existed between the 2-year implementation period of …

Faculty, Clinical Supervisors, And Teacher Candidate Perceptions And Experiences Of Teacher Candidate Feedback, Timothy John Martin Calver

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

The problem at a West Coast university was that the university’s teacher education program lead faculty and teacher candidates stated they were concerned about the quality of feedback provided to teacher candidates who are assessed by clinical supervisors during their field-based experiences. The purpose of this qualitative study was to understand the perceptions and experiences of teacher candidates, clinical supervisors, and teacher education department (TED) faculty regarding the feedback process. The conceptual framework used for this study was Argyris’ theory of single-loop and double-loop learning to support the research question. The research question was focused on perceptions about the feedback …

Play Lu Interactive Technology And Standardized Mathematics Scores, Oguz Yildiz

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Technology-based learning tools provide new opportunities to engage students in learning academic content. This study focuses on one such tool, Play Lu Interactive Technology (PLIT), and analyzes how students’ math achievement on standardized test scores differs between students who have used PLIT and students who have not. PLIT is designed to improve students’ communication and teamwork skills in addition to math skills. The data were collected from seventh-grade students at a public school in the state of New York that used PLIT to support students’ academic achievement in math. Due to scheduling limitations, only half of the seventh-grade students used …

“Movies, Tv Shows, And Memes . . . Oh My!”: An Honors Education Through Popular Culture And Critical Pedagogy, Evan W. Faidley

Honors in Practice Online Archive

Entertainment media and popular culture often overdramatize the college experience. An honors colloquium engages students in scholarly research and discourse involving thematic elements of academic life in popular culture. An interdisciplinary approach to race, class, the professoriate, Greek life, and foreign experience is espoused. Through a lens of critical social theory, students deconstruct misinformed “stories most often told” to reconstruct more cogent understandings of college life and student experience. With a curriculum designed to advance social justice through equitizing education and amending cultural perceptions, this colloquium helps develop self-motivated, self-regulated, and engaged learners.

Editor’S Introduction, Ada Long

Honors in Practice Online Archive

This journal of the plague year has attracted a record number of submissions, creating the thickest volume of Honors in Practice since its inception in 2005. The inclusion of essays in response to a Call for Papers about COVID- 19 is no doubt responsible for some of this torrent of submissions, but research essays have also come in at a greater rate than before, not to mention the “Brief Ideas about What Works in Honors.” As you will see, the essays on the pandemic’s effects on honors mostly make the best of a fraught and frustrating year for honors administrators, …

Meditations In An Emergency: Collaborating Online In Narratives Of Illness And Care, Jayda Coons

Honors in Practice Online Archive

This article describes a collaborative writing project involving narratives of health and caregiving. An interdisciplinary seminar titled “Narratives of Illness and Care” examines literary and medical narratives to better understand disease, therapeutic communication, empathy, and the social determinants of health. During the COVID-19 crisis, however, the instructor adapted course structure and curricular assignments to help students make meaningful connections with their immediate circumstance. The author reflects on the significance of the project during a time of global upheaval and suggests changes for future iterations.

“One Singular Sensation”: Integrating Personal Narratives Into The Honors Classroom, Marc Napolitano, Mimi Killinger

Honors in Practice Online Archive

Contemporary emphases on standardization, specialization, and selectivity in higher education alienate students and teachers from their own creativity, intellectual curiosity, and personal stories. This trend runs counter to the central focus of honors on fostering a diverse, scholarly learning environment. Authors suggest that integrating student personal narratives into honors curricula reinforces its values of multiplicity, inclusivity, and meaningful learning. Using metaphorical reference to the Broadway musical A Chorus Line as a unique lens into the pedagogical benefits of such integration, this essay provides ways of incorporating and sharing personal narratives in the classroom and offers strategies to ensure that all …

Tough Talks: Student-Led Programs To Facilitate Civil Discourse, Leah Horton, Doug Corbitt, Booker White

Honors in Practice Online Archive

These student-led, co-curricular programs are designed to give honors students the opportunity to learn and practice civil discourse through difficult conversations. Issues such as race, religion, politics, gender, and sexual orientation are carefully curated to help students practice and hone their dialogue skills outside the classroom where grades are not a factor. A brave spaces ideology provides the foundation for shared pools of meaning, encouraging students to move from certainty to curiosity with the shared understanding that discomfort is an opportunity for growth. By teaching students how to engage in controversy with civility, Tough Talks support an honors ethos of …

“To Seek A Newer World”: Honors In Virtual Reality, Betsy Greenleaf Yarrison

Honors in Practice Online Archive

Honors education was never intended to be a virtual offering; it takes intimate, three-dimensional, communal, and intellectual interaction among faculty and students to tackle wicked problems. The COVID-19 crisis forced honors educators into an extreme reboot, extracting courses from comfortable working spaces and relocating them to strange new platforms for remote, computer-mediated instruction. For many faculty, the 2020 pandemic introduced online instruction for the first time. Toward this end, many novices were able to brilliantly reimagine and re-engineer their courses while others struggled. In this essay, the author points out that higher education has always adapted new technologies, asserting that …

First-Generation College Student Network, Ashleen Williams, Ainsley Ash

Honors in Practice Online Archive

Authors describe the college’s First-Gen Student Network, a cohort of faculty, students, and practitioners committed to equity, access, and success of firstgeneration learners. Optional biweekly meetings address a range of topics, including financial aid and opportunities for employment.

The Sally McDonnell Barksdale Honors College at the University of Mississippi often prides itself on being the edge of the knife in conversations about equity and access, yet such conversations only work in honors when we commit tangible actions and resources to generate positive outcomes. Over the last couple of years, we have recognized a group that was consistently forgotten in our …

Quaring Sorority Life: Identity Negotiation Of Queer Women Of Color In Culturally-Based Sororities, Antonio Duran, Crystal E. Garcia

Department of Educational Administration: Faculty Publications

Using quare theory as a theoretical framework and critical narrative inquiry as a methodology, researchers centered the stories of 20 queer Women of Color affiliated with culturally based sororities. Participants spoke about how they perceived gendered and heterosexist norms in their sororities and how they negotiated their identities in these environments. Findings reveal that queer Women of Color made crucial decisions regarding their identity negotiation while in the process of joining their organizations. Moreover, some participants articulated how, once affiliated, they strategically minimized attention to their sexuality and gender, while others asserted these identities to disrupt hegemonic norms.

Critically Examining The Experiences Of Queer People Of Color In Culturally-Based Sororities And Fraternities, Antonio Duran, Crystal Eufemia Garcia, Hannah Lee Reyes

Department of Educational Administration: Faculty Publications

Guided by Queer of Color critique as a theoretical framework, this research project investigated the experiences of Queer People of Color in culturally-based sororities and fraternities (CBSFs). Engaging in a secondary analysis of two critical narrative inquiry studies (one focused on Queer Men of Color and the other on Queer Women of Color), we examined how systems of power and oppression manifested across CBSFs. In addition, we interrogated how Queer People of Color practiced agency when faced with oppressive settings. Findings revealed the politics of disclosure given anti-Black histories and religious origins of organizations, the different ways organizations regulated gender …

Sorority And Fraternity Life: Examining Racial Discourse Via Institutional Websites, Crystal E. Garcia, William Walker, Samantha E. Bradley, Kathleen Smith

Department of Educational Administration: Faculty Publications

Scholarship has provided some insight into inequities that exist within sorority and fraternity life (SFL), whereas members of culturally based sororities and fraternities within Multicultural Greek Councils (MGC) and National Pan-Hellenic Councils (NPHC) report being treated as inferior to those in historically white organizations. However, few studies have examined institutional efforts to render culturally based sororities and fraternities visible to campus communities. This qualitative critical discourse analysis examined how SFL offices at 18 research universities in the southeastern United States communicated information about councils through institutional SFL web pages. Findings show that few communities attempted to represent council information equally, …

Owning Educational Change In Korean Schools: Three Driving Forces Behind Sustainable Change, Taeyeon Kim, Minseok Yang, Sunbin Lim

Department of Educational Administration: Faculty Publications

In this essay, we discuss how the COVID-19 pandemic drove key changes in schooling and what forces can sustain these changes. Responding to the argument that COVID-19-driven changes may not be sustainable, this essay offers a counter narrative from the Korean context, in which educators re-visited existing school systems and re-constructed policies and teaching practices to fill the educational vacuum caused by the pandemic. This essay specifically builds on interviews conducted with Korean educators throughout the 2020 school year during COVID-19. First, we discuss ownership of educational change as reflected in educators’ narratives. We then explore three driving forces behind …

School Violence And Its Impact On Student Academic Achievement, Kewanis Kennedy

Murray State Theses and Dissertations

This study explores the occurrence of school violence and its impact on academic success and attendance. This study will encompass K-12 academic institutions in the state of Kentucky during the 2018-2019 academic school year, with an in-depth analysis of data submitted to the Kentucky Department of Education by the 171 participating school districts. The participating schools shared data in the form of disciplinary actions, attendance, graduation rates, academic achievement, and other relevant demographics. The collected data was analyzed to determine if there was a statistically significant difference among attendance rate, graduation rate, math ACT benchmark scores, and English ACT benchmark …

Financial Literacy On College Campuses And Its Relationship To Student Retention, Completion, And Debt, Jaclyn K. Smith

Dissertations and Theses @ UNI

This study asked Directors of Financial Aid Office at colleges and universities in Iowa to complete a questionnaire and share how they were implementing collaborative financial literacy programs at their institution. The study sought to answer three questions: (1) To what extent are institutions in Iowa working cross-departmentally to incorporate financial literacy into programming on their campus?, (2) What is the connection between cross-departmental financial literacy programming and student graduation and retention?, and (3) How is cross-departmental financial literacy programming reflected in federal student loan data?

The study found that each of the institutions that participated collaborated with at least …

แนวทางพัฒนาการบริหารวิชาการ โรงเรียนก้องฟ้าวัฒนาวิทย์ตามแนวคิดการสร้างแรงบันดาลใจ, กิจธนะ รักษ์ธนธัช

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

การวิจัยนี้เป็นการวิจัยเชิงบรรยาย มีวัตถุประสงค์เพื่อ 1) ศึกษาความต้องการจำเป็นของการพัฒนาการบริหารวิชาการของโรงเรียนก้องฟ้าวัฒนาวิทย์ตามแนวคิดการสร้างแรงบันดาลใจ 2) นำเสนอแนวทางการพัฒนาการบริหารวิชาการในโรงเรียนก้องฟ้าวัฒนาวิทย์ตามแนวคิดการสร้างแรงบันดาลใจ ผู้ให้ข้อมูล คือ ผู้บริหารสถานศึกษาจำนวน 5 คน และครู 72 คน เครื่องมือที่ใช้ในการวิจัย ได้แก่แบบสอบถาม เรื่อง แนวทางพัฒนาการบริหารวิชาการของโรงเรียนก้องฟ้าวัฒนาวิทย์ตามแนวคิดการสร้างแรงบันดาลใจ และแบบประเมินความเหมาะสมและความเป็นไปได้ของร่างแนวทางพัฒนาการบริหารวิชาการของโรงเรียนก้องฟ้าวัฒนาวิทย์ตามแนวคิดการสร้างแรงบันดาลใจ โดยสถิติที่ใช้วิเคราะห์ข้อมูล ประกอบด้วย ความถี่ ร้อยละ ค่าเฉลี่ยเลขคณิต ส่วนเบี่ยงเบนมาตรฐาน ค่าดัชนี ความต้องการจำเป็น ฐานนิยม และการวิเคราะห์เชิงเนื้อหา ผลการวิจัยพบว่า 1) สภาพปัจจุบันและสภาพที่พึงประสงค์ของการพัฒนาการบริหารวิชาการของโรงเรียนก้องฟ้าวัฒนาวิทย์ตามแนวคิดการสร้างแรงบันดาลใจ โดยภาพรวมอยู่ในระดับปานกลาง ({u1D465}̅ = 2.81) และมากที่สุด ({u1D465}̅ = 4.65) ตามลำดับ โดยด้านที่มีความต้องการจำเป็นสูงที่สุด คือ การจัดการเรียนการสอน (PNI [Modified] = 0.77) รองลงมา คือ การวัดผลประเมินผล (PNI [Modified] = 0.63) และด้านที่มีลำดับความต้องการจำเป็นต่ำที่สุด คือ การพัฒนาหลักสูตร (PNI [Modified] = 0.56) 2) แนวทางพัฒนาการบริหารวิชาการของโรงเรียนก้องฟ้าวัฒนาวิทย์ ตามแนวคิดการสร้างแรงบันดาลใจ มีทั้งสิ้น 3 แนวทางหลัก ซึ่งเรียงลำดับตามความต้องการจำเป็น ดังนี้ แนวทางที่ 1 สนับสนุนการจัดกิจกรรมการเรียนการสอน สภาพบรรยากาศ สื่อและแหล่งเรียนรู้ เพื่อให้เกิดการสร้างแรงบันดาลใจจากเป้าหมาย แนวทางที่ 2 พัฒนาระบบการวัดผลประเมินผลให้เป็นตามสภาพจริง ด้านการสร้างแรงบันดาลใจจากการขับเคลื่อน และแนวทางที่ 3 พัฒนาและบูรณาการหลักสูตรโดยการดำเนินการวิเคราะห์ความต้องการจำเป็น โดยเน้นในด้านการสร้างแรงบันดาลใจจากการกระตุ้น

แนวทางพัฒนาการบริหารวิชาการโรงเรียนมัธยมศึกษาในจังหวัดสมุทรปราการ ตามแนวคิดคุณลักษณะผู้ประกอบการสังคม, รุจิรา รักวงษ์

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

การวิจัยนี้เป็นการวิจัยเชิงบรรยาย มีวัตถุประสงค์ 1) ศึกษาระดับคุณลักษณะผู้ประกอบการสังคมของนักเรียนโรงเรียนมัธยมศึกษาในจังหวัดสมุทรปราการ 2) ศึกษาความต้องการจำเป็นของการพัฒนาการบริหารวิชาการโรงเรียนมัธยมศึกษาในจังหวัดสมุทรปราการ ตามแนวคิดคุณลักษณะผู้ประกอบการสังคม และ 3) นำเสนอแนวทางพัฒนาการบริหารวิชาการโรงเรียนมัธยมศึกษาในจังหวัดสมุทรปราการ ตามแนวคิดคุณลักษณะผู้ประกอบการสังคม ผู้ให้ข้อมูล คือ ผู้บริหารสถานศึกษา จำนวน 50 คน ครู จำนวน 288 คน และนักเรียนจำนวน 383 คน เครื่องมือที่ใช้ในการวิจัย ได้แก่ แบบสอบถามระดับคุณลักษณะผู้ประกอบการสังคมของนักเรียนโรงเรียนมัธยมศึกษาในจังหวัดสมุทรปราการ แบบสอบถามสภาพปัจจุบันและสภาพที่พึงประสงค์ของการบริหารวิชาการโรงเรียนมัธยมศึกษาในจังหวัดสมุทรปราการตามแนวคิดคุณลักษณะผู้ประกอบการสังคมและแบบประเมินความหมาะสมและความเป็นไปได้ของร่างแนวทางพัฒนาการบริหารวิชาการโรงเรียนมัธยมศึกษาในจังหวัดสมุทรปราการตามแนวคิดคุณลักษณะผู้ประกอบการสังคม โดยสถิติที่ใช้วิเคราะห์ข้อมูล ประกอบด้วยความถี่ ร้อยละ ค่าเฉลี่ยเลขคณิต ส่วนเบี่ยงเบนมาตรฐาน ค่าดัชนีลำดับความต้องการจำเป็น ฐานนิยม และการวิเคราะห์เชิงเนื้อหา ผลการวิจัยพบว่า 1) ระดับคุณลักษณะผู้ประกอบการสังคมของนักเรียนโรงเรียนมัธยมศึกษาในจังหวัดสมุทรปราการ ในภาพรวมอยู่ในระดับมาก (x = 3.627) โดยด้านการมีความเชี่ยวชาญธุรกิจ มีค่าเฉลี่ยต่ำที่สุด 2) ความต้องการจำเป็นในการพัฒนาการบริหาวิชาการโรงเรียนมัธยมศึกษาในจังหวัดสมุทรปราการตามแนวคิดคุณลักษณะผู้ประกอบการสังคม ที่มีความต้องการจำเป็นมากที่สุด คือ ด้านการจัดการเรียนรู้ (PNI [Modified] = 0.345) รองลงมา คือ การพัฒนาหลักสูตร (PNI [Modified] = 0.268) และการประเมินผล (PNI [Modified] = 0.219) ตามลำดับ ซึ่งองค์ประกอบคุณลักษณะผู้ประกอบการสังคมที่มีค่าความต้องการจำเป็นสูงที่สุด คือ การมีความเชี่ยวชาญธุรกิจ 3) แนวทางพัฒนาการบริหารวิชาการโรงเรียนมัธยมศึกษาในจังหวัดสมุทรปราการตามแนวคิดคุณลักษณะผู้ประกอบการสังคม โดยนำเสนอตามลำดับความต้องการจำเป็นสูงสุด มีทั้งสิ้น 2 แนวทาง ดังนี้ 1) พัฒนาการจัดสภาพบรรยากาศ สื่อ นวัตกรรมและแหล่งเรียนรู้ที่เน้นผลลัพธ์การเรียนรู้คุณลักษณะผู้ประกอบการสังคมของผู้เรียนด้านการมีความเชี่ยวชาญธุรกิจและการโน้มน้าวใจ และ 2) ยกระดับการจัดการเรียนรู้ที่เน้นผลลัพธ์การเรียนรู้คุณลักษณะผู้ประกอบการสังคมของผู้เรียนด้านการมีความคิดสร้างสรรค์การมีความเชี่ยวชาญธุรกิจและการโน้มน้าวใจ

Taking Up Space: A Phenomenological Study Of The Shared Experiences Of Black Women In Stem Graduate Programs At Predominantly White Institutions, Ebony C. Blackwell

LSU New Orleans Theses and Dissertations

In the U.S., marginalized populations are underrepresented in STEM. Specifically, there is a disparity in the number of Black women attaining STEM graduate degrees and entering the STEM workforce. The purpose of this qualitative, phenomenological study was to examine the essence of the shared experiences of Black women currently enrolled in STEM graduate programs at predominantly White institutions (PWIs), in order to increase retention of Black women through STEM graduate programs and into careers; as well as to use participant’s experiences to expose any barriers they encountered related to their educational pursuits, and examine how they were able to navigate …

We Are...Marshall, December 16, 2020, Office Of Marshall University Communications

We Are ... Marshall: the Newsletter for Marshall University 1999-2023

No abstract provided.

Bridging The High School Transition: Assessing The Impact Of A Freshman Academy On Student Success, Victoria A. Honetschlager

The Interactive Journal of Global Leadership and Learning

This paper focuses on quantitatively assessing the implementation of a freshman academy on multiple educational outcomes for students including academic, behavioral and emotional indicators. Existing research presents mixed findings on the effectiveness of freshman academies on student success, and rarely attempt to measure indicators other than grades or standardized test scores. This study examines not only students’ grades and credits attained, but also attendance, behavior referrals and most innovatively, students’ emotional engagement and connectedness. Data from cohorts prior to and post-freshman academy implementation were quantitatively analyzed using a causal-comparative design. Welch t-tests revealed that academic achievement indicators did not differ …

Wku Staff Star Award, Wku Staff Senate

Staff Council

Notification of staff recognition program.

Implementing Discipline Reform: One District’S Experience With Pbis, Catherine Robert Ed.D.

School Leadership Review

This study examines the case of one large urban school district’s implementation of Positive Behavioral Interventions and Supports (PBIS) to review competing needs and challenges encountered over a four-year period. There are encouraging results supporting the finding of a successful PBIS implementation and plans for continued implementation of Tier I practices and expand Tier II supports. Reducing the continuing disparity between the percentages of African American and White students receiving disciplinary consequences remains a challenge for Middleton ISD. In addition, work remains to reduce the disproportionate number of students receiving special education services who receive higher levels of disciplinary consequences.