Digital Commons Network^™

Lessons From The Field On The Science Of Reading: School And Classroom Stories Across Contexts

Occasional Paper Series

No abstract provided.

“It Was Hard, But It Worked:” Children’S Theories Of Learning To Read, Cristina Valencia Mazzanti, Laura Tiktin-Sharick, Madeleine Zuck, Tiphareth Ananda

Occasional Paper Series

In this paper we come together as teachers, a school leader and a professor to examine children’s theories of learning to read captured in written and illustrated texts created by 143 children currently enrolled in kindergarten to sixth grade. This collection of children’s theories of reading was created in the context of a progressive elementary school located at Smith College, a women's liberal arts college in Massachusetts. Our hope in examining children’s theories is to humanize and historicize current debates about how reading is taught. We also hope to offer a counter narrative to the dichotomies currently shaping reading education, …

“This Curriculum Has No Real Reading:” A Case Study Of Student Activism In Response To A Centralized Curriculum Mandate, Alina Lewis

Occasional Paper Series

The widespread implementation of “science of reading” policies across national and local contexts in the past few years is yet another chapter in the reading wars (Preston, 2022; Thomas, 2024; Goldberg & Goldenberg, 2022). This is not the first time that a national panic about literacy has incited fierce debates over how best to teach reading. Since the publication of “Why Johnny Can’t Read” in 1955, the question of “how, when and how much phonics instruction” has been hotly contested among scholars and practitioners (Thomas, 2024; Flesch & Sloan, 1955). However, the current literacy policy landscape--in the wake of the …

Thinking Narratively About Science Of Reading Forces, Moral Injury, And Teacherhood, Kyle C. Arlington

Occasional Paper Series

Stories of teachers’ classroom lives shape the public imagination of what it means to be a “good teacher,” yet these narratives are always partial, contextual, and entangled with broader cultural and institutional forces. This research essay narratively explores the experiences of Lisa, a veteran literacy teacher navigating Science of Reading (SoR) mandates in her elementary classroom. It examines how her identities, values, and visions for literacy teaching intersect with the discursive, material, and affective dynamics that shape how SoR unfolds in the context of Lisa’s classroom life. (Re)storying her experiences draws attention to the emotional toll and moral dissonance teachers …

All Flourishing Is Mutual: Cultivating A Gift Economy Of Literacy, Lindsey Lush, Melissa Kurtz

Occasional Paper Series

In this paper, two scholars and practicing elementary educators argue that the policies and practices of the Science of Reading (SoR) movement in early literacy education are being constructed with the logic of a market economy, shaped by neoliberal ideologies of individualism, scarcity, and competition. Compelled by our concerns for the bodies and beings of readers and reading teachers in the context of our Northeast Georgia public elementary school and provoked by our shared engagement with The Serviceberry, Indigenous scientist and scholar Robin Wall Kimmerer’s book on lessons from the natural world, we engage a postqualitative approach to emergent, relational …

When Science Of Reading Policy Meets Classroom Reality: The Nonsense Word Problem, Lisa Dewing-Birno, Luis Lopez

Occasional Paper Series

A central feature of many Science of Reading (SoR)-aligned curricula is the use of nonsense words in early literacy assessment to measure a student's ability to decode unfamiliar words using knowledge of letter-sound correspondences. However, the research base for using nonsense words as an instructional tool is much weaker and more contested. Through two narratives, we illustrate how the implementation of SoR instruction with nonsense words can be particularly problematic. We argue that effective literacy instruction demands what we call pedagogical clarity, the ability to integrate pedagogical practices with deep understanding of individual learners, their cultural and linguistic resources, and …

La Gran Historia De Dilly Meets The Science Of Reading: A Cuento Of Scripts, Skills, And Silenced Selves, Elenita Irizarry Ramos, Ysaaca D. Axelrod

Occasional Paper Series

This article offers a deep dive into two lessons of a structured literacy curriculum to interrogate how current SoR–aligned mandates materialize in a Spanish dual-language first-grade classroom. Using Critical Discourse Analysis and Curriculum as a Discourse as both our conceptual frame and analytical method, we examine (a) La gran historia de Dilly—a retelling of The Ugly Duckling translated into Spanish—and (b) the teacher-facing lesson plan supplied by a major commercial publisher. Four patterns emerged: (1) reading is reduced to quantifiable skills (Lexile badges, sight-word drills) while the tale naturalizes biologically ‘correct’ identities, erasing hybrid selves; (2) scripted directives recast teachers …

Uplifting The Legacy Of Black Teachers: Loving And Liberatory Pedagogies In A Science Of Reading Context, Natasha A. Thornton, Amanda L. Armstrong, Brooke Blacknall, Jordan Freeman, Elaine Nevers-Williams, Mukkaramah Smith

Occasional Paper Series

This article explores Black liberatory pedagogy (BLP) as a critical approach to navigating current Science of Reading (SoR) mandates, which are often restrictive and fail to honor the literacies and linguistic practices of Black children. Through the narratives of six educators—classroom teachers, teacher candidates, and teacher educators—the article examines how they have experienced and responded to the implementation of SoR standards and curriculum shifts. These stories also illuminate what becomes possible when teachers are in spaces that allow for autonomy, imagination, and culturally responsive pedagogy. The educators’ experiences, expertise, and cultural wisdom are centered, demonstrating how they enact BLP through …

Lessons From The Field On The Science Of Reading: An Introduction, Gail Boldt, Patricia Enciso

Occasional Paper Series

No abstract provided.

Letter From The Editor's Desk, Cinde Wollenberg

Virginia English Journal

No abstract provided.

The Impact Of School Resource Officers (Sros) On Background Juvenile Arrest Rates, Marcell D. Dely

SACAD: Scholarly Activities

School Resource Officers (SROs) are widely used in U.S. schools with the goal of improving safety and preventing violence. However, research shows mixed results regarding their overall effectiveness. While SROs can help deter serious threats and create a safer school environment, their presence is also associated with increased disciplinary actions and arrests for minor, non-violent behaviors. This study examines whether SROs reduce school violence or contribute to the criminalization of student misconduct. Findings suggest that outcomes largely depend on factors such as implementation, role clarity, and school policies. The paper highlights the need for clearer guidelines, limited involvement in minor …

Pages Of Despair: Economic Policy Uncertainty And Mental Health, Kori Massner

SACAD: Scholarly Activities

Policy uncertainty threatens access to affordable medical care, yet few studies have examined how it shapes what people search for online. This study examines whether economic policy uncertainty predicts mental health information-seeking behavior by analyzing daily Wikipedia pageviews from July 2015 to April 2026 using a time series model. Results show that as economic policy uncertainty increases, there is an increase in pageviews on Wikipedia for suicide related information. When there is an increase in those searching for information on pages about depression and pages about anxiety, there is also an increase in pageviews on Wikipedia for suicide related information. …

Stylemys Nebrascensis Predation Hypothesis, Noah Lohrmeyer, Amanda Peng

SACAD: Scholarly Activities

In 2008 a fossilized tortoise shell was brought into the Sternberg Museum of Natural History. As we prepared the fossil, we observed markings that resembled predation. We are trying to find what species from the White River Formation could preyed on the tortoise. There are few publications on predation for this species. With few publications, we want to find what predator would hunt these species. We cross referenced the site of the tortoise and observed several carnivorous species. We used straight carapace length (Hermanson et al., 2024) and a regression formula (Wilson et al., 2016) to analyze the species we …

Exploring Innovative Display Of Painting Through Creating A Dual-Sided Suspended Piece, Erin K. Tichota

SACAD: Scholarly Activities

For this project, I aimed to expand upon my existent painting skills and learn new methods through unconventional techniques for display. My concept of this piece was to convey the sinking and stagnant feeling of being in a rut of depression. The ropes are meant to convey a web of thoughts that the subject is trapped in, while they are sinking deeper in their bed. The dual sided aspect of this project is meant to further emphasize the concept through creating a sense of  duality and permanence.

Spectroscopic Characterization And Extraction Optimization Of Catechins In Green Tea, Zach J. Mckinley, Masakatsu Watanabe

SACAD: Scholarly Activities

This research initiative immerses students in a multifaceted analytical chemistry investigation of catechins—polyphenolic antioxidants prevalent in green tea—through the application of both classical and modern techniques. The project emphasizes hands-on experience with real-world sample analysis, method development, and critical data interpretation.

Catechins were extracted from various commercial green tea products, including loose leaves, powders, and dietary supplements, by trituration with ethyl acetate followed by solvent partitioning using a methanol and water solution. The resulting extracts were analyzed using UV-Visible spectroscopy to quantify catechin content. Selected samples were further characterized by liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC-MS), confirming both the identity and purity …

Mumm Vs. Minium: A Tale Of Two Quarries, Kale Link, Amanda Peng

SACAD: Scholarly Activities

In 2025, a discrepancy was discovered in the field numbers of a selection of mammal fossils, which had been mistakenly catalogued as originating from the Minium Quarry in Graham County, KS instead of the Mumm Quarry in Rawlins County, KS. While both quarries belong to the Ogallala Formation, they demonstrate differing biostratigraphic ages, faunal assemblages, and taphonomic settings. Mumm is Clarendonian aged, while Minium is Hemphillian. To correct this issue, all the Mumm specimens were assigned to an updated locality with more precise geographic and biostratigraphic data.

Developing Strategies For Pce Outreach, Mariah Blankenbaker, Gordon Carlson, Daniel Adesoji, Levi Eck

SACAD: Scholarly Activities

In collaboration with Professional and Continuing Education (PCE), we produced projects to automate their internal tasks, as well as to promote their services. By taking advantage of software techniques, we bridged live-action footage with 2D and 3D computer visuals for promotional material. In addition, we researched the capabilities of creating a custom Generative Pre-trained Transformer (GPT) and trained it to analyze and interact with thousands of industry datapoints.

Depth-Dependent Variation Of Organic And Inorganic Components In Mangrove Sediments: Dibamba Vs Koo Mangrove, Khady Christine Diouf

SACAD: Scholarly Activities

Mangroves are important carbon sinks and play a key role in the global climate system, yet tropical estuaries such as the Wouri estuary, Cameroon, remain poorly studied. This study aims to improve understanding of how organic matter varies with depth within mangrove sediments. Sediment cores were collected from two locations within the estuary: Dibamba River mangrove (DM; 3°56′14.0″N, 9°44′54.0″E) and Koo tidal creek mangrove (KM; 3°57′36.0″N, 9°38′51.0″E). Sediments were subsampled at regular depth intervals and analyzed using Loss on Ignition (LOI). Samples were dried at 105 °C for 48 hours to determine moisture content, heated at 550 °C for 4 …

Hydrodynamic Control On Organic Matter Deposition In Mungo And Dimbamba (Wouri Estuary)”, Maimouna Traore

SACAD: Scholarly Activities

This study investigates how hydrodynamic energy controls organic matter (OM) deposition in the Wouri Estuary using sediment cores from Mungo and Dimbamba. OM was determined using the Loss on Ignition (LOI) methods with samples dried at 105°C  for 48 hours and combusted at 550°C for 4 hours .

High OM values at Mungo (27.4–42.6%) indicate a low-energy environment that promotes sediment deposition and OM preservation. In contrast, low OM values at Dimbamba (15.7–30.5%) reflect high-energy conditions that enhance sediment reworking and limit OM accumulation.

These results confirm that OM content is an effective proxy for hydrodynamic energy and depositional processes.

Community Cultivation: Building Community Health, Growth, And Sustainability Through A Community Garden, Lauren J. Franks

SACAD: Scholarly Activities

The Community Cultivation program is a grant proposal project that explores how a community garden can improve access to healthy food in rural areas, with a focus on Hays, Kansas. Guided by the question of how community-based food initiatives can reduce nutrition-related disparities, this project responds to the HaysMed Community Health Needs Assessment, which identifies nutrition and access to fresh produce as critical concerns for Ellis County. The program offers a sustainable, community-centered approach that increases the availability of fresh produce while building individual gardening and cooking skills. With an emphasis on food-insecure and low-income individuals, the Community Cultivation Garden …

Flood Frequency Analysis Of Big Creek, Ryan S. Funai, Jason T. Santoli, Gunnar F. Wainscott, Callen Zurn

SACAD: Scholarly Activities

The primary purpose of flood frequency analysis is to determine a timeframe of potential flood events. Analyzing flood frequency is a process that involves collecting years of quantitative data on discharge rates, calculating the probability of exceeding a certain rate of discharge, and calculating the average interval between events equaling or exceeding a certain rate of discharge. The Big Creek Watershed drainage area covers an area of 549 square miles in Western Kansas, including Ellis, Trego, Gove, and Sheridan Counties. This research analyzes 79 years of data collected by the USGS at the intersection of Big Creek and US-183. Water …

Immigration And Policy: Who Influences Who?, Madison May Albers

SACAD: Scholarly Activities

This project examines how public opinion on immigration changes in response to the framing of major immigration policies in the United States. The study is grounded in Policy feedback theory, which argues that shifts in public opinion reflect the dominant frames of policy. The independent variable is the framing of the legislation, measured by presidential State of the Union addresses, and the dependent variable is the public's sentiments on immigration, measured by the media's portrayal. Utilizing a qualitative comparative historical design, the project analyzes the Illegal Immigration Reform and Immigrant Responsibility Act of 1996, DACA in 2012, the Trump travel …

Variation Of Organic Matter In Mangroves Sediments, Fatou A. Mbaye

SACAD: Scholarly Activities

Variation of Organic matter in mangroves sediments

Abstract

Mangrove ecosystems are major zones of sediment accumulation and organic matter preservation, playing a key role in coastal carbon storage and depositional processes.This study investigates the vertical distribution of organic matter in sediment cores collected from three mangrove environments in Cameroon: Koo mangrove located in the central zone of the Wouri Estuary, DiBamba mangrove situated in the eastern sector of the estuarine system, and Mungo mangrove. Sediment cores were collected from 1–144 cm (Koo), 1–177 cm (DiBamba), and 1–178 cm (Mungo).

Organic matter content was determined using the Loss on Ignition (LOI) …

Oer Showcase: Process Of Developing An Open Textbook Focused On Course Design Resources And Why, Zhongrui Yao, Magdalene Moy, Danielle Reilley

SACAD: Scholarly Activities

This OER showcase will demonstrate to the audience a detailed process of developing an open textbook focused on course design resources and why. We will discuss how we used AI when creating and editing the chapters, how to organize chapters, and why we included AI-related content. This textbook is in the editing phase. Peer reviewers have already returned the feedback. This textbook aims to provide a one-stop shop for faculty who are interested in designing new courses or redesigning courses.

Inorganic Carbon Distribution And Its Sources In Koo And Dibamba Mangroves Sediments, Mouhamed Seck

SACAD: Scholarly Activities

Mangrove sediments store valuable evidence about carbon cycling and environmental changes in coastal ecosystems. In particular, the amount of inorganic carbon can highlight differences in carbonate inputs. The Wouri Estuary in Cameroon is a large tidal system where several rivers converge. However, the Wouri Estuary in Cameroon a large tidal system where several rivers converge has never been explored in this regard, particularly with respect to inorganic carbon preserved in mangrove sediments. In this context, we are trying to examines the distribution and potential sources of inorganic carbon in sediment cores from Koo Tidal Creek and the Dibamba River mangroves. …

A Study Of Students’ Use And Perspectives On Generative Ai Tools, Nicholas Di Meo, Emanuele Polizzi, Weihui Fu

SACAD: Scholarly Activities

Generative AI is reshaping higher education, making the study of student

behavior essential for university policy. This research analyzes AI integration

among 100 students from FHSU (US) and Italy. Findings reveal a 91%

adoption rate for ChatGPT, primarily used as a "digital tutor" for research

(63%). Despite 57% reporting performance gains, 53% worry about

accuracy and 49% fear losing critical thinking skills. Furthermore, a

communication gap persists, as only 44% have discussed AI with faculty.

These results highlight the need for institutional "AI Literacy" to bridge the

gap between student innovation and academic guidance.

KEY FINDING: 91% of …

Acceleration Battery Predictive Model Utilizing Field-Based Testing​, Peterson Bohannon, Justin L. Montney, Emily Washburn, Jenifer Bechard, Michael Frangello Iii

SACAD: Scholarly Activities

Sprint performance is a key determinant of success across many sports (particularly track and field athletes). Many of the biomechanical and physiological factors contributing to sprint performance are typically assessed using laboratory-based tools that are not accessible to most coaches. The purpose of this study was to develop and evaluate a practical, field-based testing model capable of predicting 60 m sprint performance and identifying key performance determinants in sprint and jump athletes.

A cohort of 40 collegiate track and field athletes (ages 18–24) completed a comprehensive testing battery including 30 m acceleration, 30 m fly sprint, standing long jump, standing …

Fhsu Western Kansas Regional Water Quality Study, Gunnar F. Wainscott

SACAD: Scholarly Activities

This study, conducted by Fort Hays State University faculty and graduate students, aims to analyze water quality through systematic sampling and analysis of wells, ponds, and streams across the region. Each sample is analyzed for a suite of eighteen parameters, such as arsenic, lead, nitrate, etc. By combining laboratory results with spatial data, this project seeks to identify regional patterns, establish a foundation for future monitoring efforts, and provide participating landowners with clear, accessible information about their own water quality.

Cross-Cultural Differences In Academic Pressure, Anxiety, And Sleep Quality Among High-Achieving Students In The United States And South Korea, Yumi Choi, Brett Zollinger, Jisook Park

SACAD: Scholarly Activities

This study examines cross-cultural differences in academic pressure, anxiety, and sleep quality among high-achieving students in the United States and South Korea. As academic success becomes increasingly competitive in both countries, students often face significant psychological and physiological challenges. This research investigates how differing educational systems and cultural expectations influence levels of academic pressure and their subsequent impact on anxiety and sleep quality.

Data were collected from high-achieving high school students in both countries using standardized measures, including the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) scale. Comparative analyses were conducted to identify differences in perceived …

Guns, Blood, And Textbooks? Geopolitical Risk And U.S. Higher Education Spending, Daniel Bechle

SACAD: Scholarly Activities

• The study explores whether certain types of geopolitical risk contribute to shifts in U.S. higher education spending across time. 
• Information is drawn from Iacoviello and Tong’s (2026) database, which scores newspapers for various forms of geopolitical risk tied to the United States using Artificial Intelligence (AI) keyword-matching procedures. 
• Time series statistical analyses evaluate how changes in geopolitical risk relate to changes in higher education spending.
• The initial results indicate that when there is an increase in geopolitical risk where the United States is the direct target of geopolitical risk where it may respond to the threat or the performance of …