Digital Commons Network^™

Why Focus The Symposium On Africa In Our Century?, Julius A. Amin

Proceedings: 2022 Global Voices on the University of Dayton Campus

First, despite its growing significance, Africa continues to be among the least understood places. Second, Africa provides and has provided so much for the global economy. Third, Africa is huge, complex, and very diverse. Fourth, there exists so much ignorance about Africa’s historic contributions to the development of the idea of the West. Fifth, the twenty-first century has added another dimension toward the understanding of Africa’s contributions to the contemporary world. Sixth, rapid changes are taking place globally, and we can no longer afford to remain ignorant about the rising tide taking place in Africa. Seventh, Africa’s population growth has …

Facilitating Accommodation Of Learners With Disabilities In Summative Assessment Of Literacies In Tanzania Through Mobile Application, Musa Saimon, Fredrick Mtenzi

Institute for Educational Development, East Africa

Summative Assessment of Language Literacies in Tanzania is administered in the form of a Paper-and-pencil assessment. This kind of assessment hardly accommodates learners with disabilities such as visually impaired ones because it does not allow adjustment of the font size to suit the reader’s needs. As a result, such students might end up being judged as failures in such assessments while their failure is attributed to the nature of the assessment rather than their lack of competence in language literacies. Therefore, to improve the existing situation, the present study investigated the contribution of mobile applications to accommodating learners with diverse …

Baphia Macrocalyx Leaf Extract Attenuates Rotenone-Induced Toxicity In Drosophila Melanogaster Model Of Parkinson’S Disease

Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a motor disorder mostly affecting aged people, with not known standard therapy. The use of natural products is increasingly gaining attention for the treatment of different diseases. Baphia macrocalyx is a plant previously associated with antioxidant activities in in vitro studies. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the ameliorative potential of methanolic leaf extract of Baphia macrocalyx (MEBM) on rotenone-triggered toxicity in Drosophila melanogaster. To this end, the study used a neurotoxin, rotenone, to induce PD in the fruit-fly to create a chemical PD in vivo model. Using biochemical, behavioural and molecular analyses, …

Implications Of Language Policy In Tanzania On The Teaching Of English As A Foreign Language: Perspectives Of The University Of Dar Es Salaam Language Student-Teachers, Mwajuma Vuzo

Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences

This paper examines the Language in Education Policy in Tanzania focusing on teaching of English as a foreign language. The paper distinguishes between foreign and second language learning contexts, and argues that English in Tanzania is a foreign language, and not a second language. Through the language policy, English is used a second language in the education sector as a language of instruction. This affects the effective teaching of the language as a foreign language. The paper uses a study on 335 language student-teachers at the University of Dar es Salaam to highlight the perspectives of language student-teachers on the …

المشكلات التي تواجه المرأة المعاقة حركيا في محافظة المفرق. Problems Facing Women With A Mobility Disability In Mafraq Governorate, إخلاص البري

Association of Arab Universities Journal for Education and Psychology

هدف هذا البحث إلى التعرف على المشكلات التي تواجه المرأة المعاقة حركيا في محافظة المفرق، وعلاقة هذه المشكلات بمجموعة من المتغيرات من حيث: المستوى التعليمي، والعمر، والحالة الاجتماعية، ولتحقيق أهداف الدراسة تم استخدام المنهج المسحي من خلال تطبيق استبانة طبقت على عينة مقدارها (100) امرأة ذات إعاقة حركية، حيث تكونت من (38) فقرة موزعة على أربعة أبعاد وهي: البعد الأسري، والبعد الاجتماعي، والبعد الأكاديمي، والبعد الاقتصادي.

وقد أظهرت نتائج الدراسة أن:

- أكثر المشكلات حدة في البعدين الاقتصادي والأسري تليها البعد الاجتماعي، وأقلها حدة البعد الأكاديمي.

- وجود فروق ذات دلالة إحصائية تبعا لمتغير الحالة الاجتماعية في البعد الأسري والاقتصادي …

Transforming Summative Language Literacies’Assessment Of Tanzania Primary Education Through Mobile Technology, Musa Saimon, Fredrick Mtenzi

Book Chapters / Conference Papers

The use of paper-pencil assessment can hardly facilitate language literacies’ assessment that focuses on the communicative aspects of the language such as speaking and listening among others. This has prompted practitioners in the field of language assessment to consider the use of ICT (information and communications technologies) such as mobile applications as among the best tools for improving language literacies’ assessment. However, summative language literacies’ assessment in Tanzania primary education is still administered in the form of paper-pencil assessment. This has led to low literacies level among primary school leavers, which eventually, hinders their career growth and participation in democratic …

The Engagement Of Informal Social Organisations In Social Security Mobilisation In Tanzania, Nyagwegwe Wango, Tatu Mtwangi Limbumba, Colman T. Msoka, Wilbard Kombe

Institute for Educational Development, East Africa

Formal social security is helpful to the general population, especially during a post-retirement time and when they have been affected in ways that make them unable to work due to medical or physical conditions. About 95 per cent of the people working in the informal economy are not members of the social National Social Security Fund (NSSF). Some of them have formulated social organisations that are offering informal social services. The central argument of this paper is that can we use these informally arranged social security organisations can be used by the relevant authorities to mobilise people to join formal …

Addressing The Social Loafing Problem In Assessment Practices From The Perspectives Of Tanzania’S Pre-Service Teachers, Joseph Reginard Milinga, Ezelina Angetile Kibonde, Venance Paul Mallya, Monica Asagwile Mwakifuna

Australian Journal of Teacher Education

Recent developments of higher teacher education in Tanzania have witnessed high student enrolments necessitating change of an emphasis from individual assessment to group-based assessment practices. In this context, informed by the constructivist philosophical perspective, this article reports on the pre-service teachers’ voices regarding the prevalence, impacts and counteractive strategies of social loafing. The pre-service teachers are drawn from one higher education institution in Tanzania that serves as a case study. It draws on qualitative data collected from a sample of purposively selected undergraduate pre-service teachers. The study found social loafing tendencies to be commonplace and with far-reaching consequences amongst students …

Tanzania Modern Librarians In Research And Development Enquiry: A Literature Review, Kardo Mwilongo, Gladness Kotoroi

Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)

The modern and advanced development in Information and Communication Technology (ICT) has influenced various changes in the universe and resulted to phases of paradigm shifts and affected individuals, groups, organisations, institutions and states. The globalization of everything has similarly modernized and impacted the academic libraries and librarians. Modern academic libraries strive and undertake this development in facilitating sharing of research data and outputs with its potential stakeholders for Research and Development (R&D). Librarians and have to adapt new and emerging technologies, deploy the web technologies for cyberspaces, smart or digital library information and services, transform to embedded librarians for dynamic …

A Portrait Of The Gender Gap In Stem: A Focus On Identity Formation Among Final-Year Undergraduate Students In Tanzania, Mjege Kinyota

Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences

This study investigates whether male and female students differ with respect to their STEM identity, and how female students negotiate between being female and being students pursuing careers that are perceived as masculine. The study uses a sequential explanatory mixed method design. A total of 749 final year STEM students from three Tanzanian universities participated in a survey that investigated STEM identity using six sub-scales: identity prominence, gender identity, stereotype endorsement, self-efficacy, persistence intentions, and positive feedback. Also, 19 females were interviewed as a follow-up exploration. Findings indicated a significant difference on stereotype endorsement only, where males significantly held negative …

Does Digital Literacy Empower Adolescent Girls In Low- And Middle-Income Countries: A Systematic Review, Salima Meherali, Komal Abdul Rahim, Sandra Campbell, Zohra S. Lassi

School of Nursing & Midwifery

Background: The vast majority (90%) of the world's adolescents aged 10-19 live in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs); and in those resource-limited settings, girls face distinct challenges across multiple health, social, and economic domains. Gender equality and girls' empowerment are key goals in their own right and are central to all other development goals. Digital literacy is a great enabler for the empowerment of young girls. This systematic review aims to assess the range and nature of digital literacy interventions implemented to empower adolescent girls in LMICs and identify evidence about adolescent girls' access and use of digital technologies in …

Academic Coping Mechanisms Among Learners With Hearing Impairment In Inclusive Public Secondary Schools In Tanzania, Vincent J. Cosmas, Mwajabu Possi

Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences

This study sought to explore academic coping mechanisms against educational challenges among learners with hearing impairment (HI) in inclusive public secondary schools in Tanzania. Specifically, it was guided by two research questions: (i) What coping mechanisms are employed by learners with HI in inclusive public secondary schools to cope with academic challenges? (ii) How often do learners with HI seek academic help within the school environment? The study was informed by the critical theory (CT) to facilitate the understanding of educational barriers and coping mechanisms. Being a qualitative study, it drew on purposive and convenient sampling strategies to obtain 108 …

Reflective Practices As The Cornerstone For Teacher Development In The 21st Century: Lessons From Educators’ Action Research Projects, Musa Saimon, Fredrick Mtenzi

Institute for Educational Development, East Africa

Research has shown that reflective practices improve teaching practices, which makes them valuable in the 21st century where the teaching context is complex due to increasing technological innovations and diversity among learners. However, it is hardly practiced among teachers. As a result, the present study aims at highlighting how reflective practices could improve teaching practices in a challenging context. The study adopted a Self-Study qualitative research approach. The data were collected through reflection, observation, and interviews from two collaborating researchers, primary school teachers, and students. Data were analyzed thematically. Findings show that reflective practices improve four main aspects of teaching …

Teachers’ Attitudes Towards Student Caning: Do Differences In Socio-Demographic Characteristics Really Matter?, Nkuba. Mabula

Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences

Research findings from low-income and high-income countries indicate that teachers’ use of violent discipline is prevalent. However, studies that explore teachers’ attitudes towards violence and its association to their socio-demographic characteristics are lacking. This paper assessed teachers’ attitudes towards student caning and the associated teachers’ socio-demographic characteristics. The data were drawn from four schools in two regions using a case study design. Considering the total number of participants, 72 teachers (53% females; average age: 32.47 years, SD = 6.64, range: 22–59 years) participated in this study. Of the 72 teachers, their qualification ranged from postgraduate degree (2.8%), bachelor’s degree (74%), …

Demographic Factors As Determinants Of Adolescents’ Help-Seeking Intention For Sexual Exploitation In Tanzania, Budeba Petro Mlyakado, Jessica Chi-Mei Li

Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences

This study examines the influence of adolescents’ gender, age, locality, and history of sexual victimisation on adolescents’ help-seeking intention for sexual exploitation. It compares how these demographic variables influence adolescents’ intention to seek help from formal sources (teachers, police, doctors/nurses, counsellors/social workers, local government leaders, and religious leaders); informal sources (parents, i.e., father and mother), guardians (uncles, aunts and grandparents); siblings (brothers, sisters or cousins), and friends. In this study, a cross-sectional survey is used to examine responses from a stratified random sample of 1,116 adolescents aged 13-17 years (M = 15.66; SD = 1.09), recruited from rural and urban …

The Negative Effects Of Cyberbullying Among Secondary School Adolescents In Tanzania, Hezron Zacharia Onditi, Jennifer Shapka

Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences

Cyberbullying and its associated consequences on children and adolescents has recently become a problem of global concern. Using phenomenological research design, this study explores the negative effects of cyberbullying on Tanzanian secondary school female and male adolescents. A total of 20 adolescents (50% female) in secondary schools (Form I to Form IV) who identified themselves as victims of cyberbullying were involved in the interview to share their lived experiences on the negative effects of cyberbullying. From thematic analysis, results indicated that, similar to their counterpart adolescents in the developed countries, Tanzanian female and male adolescents have experienced emotional, social, cognitive, …

The Role Of Media In Promoting Sexuality Information Among Higher Education Students In Tanzania: The Case Of Dar Es Salaam University College Of Education (Duce), Margareth Joseph Bilinga Dr

Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences

For most students in Tanzania and elsewhere, the use of media is an integral part of their daily life, and as such it has been influencing their studies in various ways. This study explores the role of media in promoting knowledge and skills on sexuality to students in higher learning institutions in Tanzania. A mixed method research design informed the study: a cross-sectional survey design informed quantitative data, while the qualitative data was informed by the phenomenological research design. A sample of 300 students was drawn using simple and stratified random sampling, as well as convenient sampling techniques. The quantitative …

The Participation Of Female Teachers In Educational Leadership In Secondary Schools In Ubungo Municipality, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania, Sarah Samson Mbogela, Blackson Kanukisya

Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences

This study investigates female teachers’ participation in educational leadership in secondary schools in Ubungo Municipality, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. The objectives of the study are threefold: (i) to explore the participation of female teachers in secondary schools’ leadership; (ii) to investigate the challenges facing the participation of female teachers in secondary schools’ leadership; and (iii) to establish strategies for enhancing the participation of female teachers in the leadership of secondary schools. The study employs a qualitative research approach using a single case study design. Data collection methods were interviews, focus group discussions and documentary review. The collected data were analysed …

Gender Inequalities In Pedagogical Classroom Practice: What Influence Do Teachers Make?, Rehema J. Mwakabenga,, Sotco Claudius Komba

Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences

Most Sub-Saharan African countries have made great efforts towards promoting gender equality in gaining access to, and completing, education cycles. Regardless of such efforts, less attention has been paid to gender-biased classroom practices that affect students’ effective learning. This disparity calls for nuanced understanding of teachers’ classroom practices that perpetuate gender inequality with a view of devising mechanisms for improvement. This paper specifically analyses patterns of gender inequalities caused by teachers in the classroom through their knowledge, beliefs and behaviours. Data were obtained from a review of 55 empirical and theoretical publications on gender in education, of which 26 articles …

Accessing School Content Using Multiple Languages In Early Childhood, Selina L. P. Mushi

University of South Florida (USF) M3 Publishing

This study examined use of multiple languages in learning school content in early childhood. Data were collected from 25 classrooms in five schools in Kilimanjaro, Arusha and Dar es Salaam regions in Tanzania. The data collection process included structured classroom observations of teacher-student interactions, parent questionnaire responses and interviews notes, and teacher interview notes. These sets were analyzed separately and then triangulated to determine convergence of the study findings. Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS 15.0) was used to summarize numerical data and to correlate variables (age, gender, number of languages spoken, school location and performance ratings by parents). …

Teaching In The Age Of Covid-19—1 Year Later, Sahar D. Sattarzadeh

Education Studies Faculty publications

No abstract provided.

Prospective Teacher Educators' Knowledge Development Through The Creation Of Multimedia Case Studies Of Practice, Crispin Ojwang

Dissertations - ALL

Despite the importance of teacher educators in influencing the quality of teacher education and by extension, the teacher quality, teacher educator preparation and professional development has received little attention from researchers and its pedagogical knowledge domain is often generalized from that of teachers. This study therefore explored the knowledge development of prospective teacher educators through creating multimedia case studies of practice. The study was based on the analysis of data collected previously through a teacher development experiment with eighteen prospective teacher educators during a two-semester course for doctoral students in several teacher education programs. I adopted Cochran-Smith and Lytle's theorizing …

Undergraduate Female Student-Leaders In Higher Education: Leadership Identity And Development In Tanzania, Cecilia Swai, Ikupa Moses

Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences

This study investigated the development of leadership identity among six female undergraduate student-leaders in higher learning institutions (HLIs). Based on the hexagon and motivation to lead theories, the study focused on personal knowledge, beliefs and actions that female undergraduate student-leaders attach to their leadership identities. Furthermore, the study explored the perceived leadership motivational factors for female student-leaders in HLIs. The study employed a phenomenological interpretive approach to investigate the lived-experiences of female student-leaders related to their leadership identities and developments in three HLIs. The study noted that there are important roles played by parents, peers, teachers and religious institutions in …

Student-Mothers’ Experiences In Tanzania’S Higher Education Institutions: Motivational Factors And Challenges, Fortunatha Mathias Matiba, Sarah Ezekiel Kisanga

Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences

This paper reports the findings on motivational factors and challenges that student-mothers face in Tanzania’s HEIs (HEIs). Specifically, the study set out to establish factors for female students’ plans to become mothers while in universities. It also explored the challenges these student mothers faced. Sixteen (16) student-mothers took part in semi-structured interviews. Thematic analysis facilitated data analysis. The study found that most of the student-mothers did not envisage having children while studying. The factors that influenced them to become mothers while studying included: ongoing university policies that allow female students to have children, assured support, health and age factors, religious …

Leisure Time Management And Communication Skills As The Predictors Of Academic Motivation Among University Students, Hussain Mohammed Aburayash

Journal of the Association of Arab Universities for Research in Higher Education مجلة اتحاد الجامعات العربية للبحوث في التعليم العالي

The study examines the role of leisure time management and communication skills as the predictors of academic motivation among university students, and relationship between time management, communication skills and academic motivation. The sample was included (549) students from Jordanian public and private Universities, with various specializations and deferent academic levels, All which chosen in the available method. Data were collected through the interknit of time that lusted. Data were collected by three instruments, leisure time management questionnaire, communication skills scale and academic motivation scale. The study using correlation and multiple regression analysis. The finding show that there are positive and …

Chimes: April 16, 2021, Calvin University

Chimes

Student athlete Simon Detmer breaks national para athletics record by Harm Venhuizen

Committee to decide future of academic cuts by Juliana Knot

Suspect arrested after female students harassed on Calvin, Cornerstone campuses by Juliana Knot

Admissions offers slate of virtual events for prospective students by Jamison Van Andel

Last man standing: men in SPAUD reflect on overwhelmingly female field by Sarah Gibes

Students struggle to find time for sabbath by Michaela Giovannelli

Amjambo Africa! (April 2021), Kathreen Harrison

Amjambo Africa!

In this Issue

COVID-19 denial in Burundi and Tanzania.....................2

Cameroonian deportations..3

In Her Presence .................4/5

Health care

Vaccine Q&A

Amjambo’s 3rd birthday.......6

MEBIC..................................10

Dr. Shah on vaccine safety.11

Magufuli of Tanzania..........12

World Market Basket..........14

Farming

African donuts

Soil safety..............................15

Baking Academy.................18

Bikes for all Mainers...........19

Childcare..............................20

Finance................................21

Columns & letters..............................24/25/26/27

Bangor/DEI..........................28

Novruz Festival....................29

Gisele Mukundwa...............31

Musical diversity.................31

Translations

French..................................7

Swahili.................................8

Somali..................................9

Kinyarwanda.....................22

Portuguese.........................23

Developing Students’ Curiosity Through Chemistry Hands-On Activities: A Case Of Selected Community Secondary Schools In Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania, Esther Kibga, Emmanuel Gakuba, John Sentongo

Institute for Educational Development, East Africa

Curiosity is the inner drive for learning or ‘hunger for learning’ which is among the twenty-firstcentury learning competencies. Students in their earliest stage ought to exhibit curiosity to stirup knowledge acquisition and exploration, yet the development of curiosity in the context of education is considered to be unusual. This research assesses how chemistry students develop and express curiosity in a hands-on learning environment. A sample of 169 senior three students from three community secondary schools in Dar es Salaam was involved in this study. Besides, the study examined how hands-on activities in chemistry lessons can be incorporated as a pedagogical …

Using Whatsapp Messenger For Improving Learners' Engagement In Teaching And Learning: A Case Of Undergraduate Students At The Sokoine University Of Agriculture, Tanzania, Wulystan Pius Mtega Dr

Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)

This study was set to investigate how WhatsApp Messenger supported learner-centred teaching and learning. Specifically, the study evaluated the level of exchange of scholarly information resources among students through WhatsApp Messenger, determined how WhatsApp supports learner-centred learning and assessed challenges influencing students when using WhatsApp Messenger in teaching and learning. The study involved undergraduate students and instructors at the Department of Records and Information Studies. It employed random sampling techniques in selecting students and purposive techniques in selecting instructors to be included in the study. Major results indicate that WhatsApp Messenger was highly adopted and used for supporting learning. All …

Mentoring Experiences In Higher Education: Voices Of Early Career Academics (Ecas) At The University Of Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania, Joel J. Kayombo

Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences

Based on phenomenological inquiry, this paper analyses the perspectives and experiences of early career academics (ECAs) in obtaining mentoring support at the University of Dar es Salaam (UDSM). Phenomenological focus group discussions and phenomenological interviews were used to access narrative accounts from 21 ECAs. The study employed specific and step-by-step idiographic case study data analysis with a precise focus on the shared experiences of participants. The findings unveil mixed experiences in obtaining mentoring support among ECAs, the presence of peer mentoring, and the pivotal role of personal relationship in mentorship practices. Moreover, it was revealed that limited resources, time, and …