Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®
- Institution
-
- Western Michigan University (1378)
- University of Northern Iowa (913)
- University of Nebraska - Lincoln (873)
- Walden University (759)
- Edith Cowan University (757)
-
- Nova Southeastern University (699)
- Liberty University (665)
- Hamline University (653)
- University of South Florida (563)
- California State University, San Bernardino (556)
- City University of New York (CUNY) (544)
- Georgia Southern University (536)
- University of Central Florida (527)
- Portland State University (522)
- SIT Graduate Institute/SIT Study Abroad (494)
- The University of San Francisco (492)
- Purdue University (486)
- University of Texas Rio Grande Valley (468)
- Brigham Young University (466)
- Grand Valley State University (422)
- Utah State University (415)
- Old Dominion University (373)
- Loyola University Chicago (359)
- Universitas Negeri Malang (357)
- Kennesaw State University (341)
- Central Washington University (336)
- Rowan University (336)
- University of South Carolina (312)
- Clemson University (302)
- University of Connecticut (286)
- Keyword
-
- Education (1543)
- Literacy (683)
- Higher education (603)
- Reading (433)
- Curriculum (431)
-
- Teacher education (375)
- Language (370)
- ESL/ ELLs (332)
- ESL (307)
- Pedagogy (305)
- Professional development (304)
- Diversity (302)
- Writing (298)
- Culture (285)
- Assessment (283)
- Special education (279)
- Students (268)
- English language learners (252)
- Equity (251)
- Teachers (251)
- Teaching (244)
- Identity (240)
- Georgia Southern University (209)
- Inclusion (207)
- Bilingual education (204)
- Reading comprehension (198)
- Leadership (195)
- Technology (194)
- Motivation (193)
- Social justice (190)
- Publication Year
- Publication
-
- Theses and Dissertations (1633)
- Dissertations (987)
- Electronic Theses and Dissertations (692)
- Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies (615)
- Doctoral Dissertations and Projects (585)
-
- Reading Horizons: A Journal of Literacy and Language Arts (474)
- Theses Digitization Project (410)
- Australian Journal of Teacher Education (378)
- School of Education and Leadership Student Capstone Projects (377)
- MA TESOL Collection (336)
- Graduate Research Papers (327)
- USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations (307)
- The Qualitative Report (304)
- Western News (1972-2018) (303)
- School of Education and Leadership Student Capstone Theses and Dissertations (274)
- Dissertations and Theses (251)
- Department of Teaching, Learning, and Teacher Education: Faculty Publications (248)
- Journal of Comparative & International Higher Education (243)
- Publications and Research (227)
- Bahasa dan Seni: Jurnal Bahasa, Sastra, Seni, dan Pengajarannya (225)
- All Graduate Projects (219)
- Doctoral Dissertations (202)
- Faculty Publications (200)
- CLCWeb: Comparative Literature and Culture (198)
- Master's Projects and Capstones (194)
- Masters Theses (189)
- Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects (173)
- Dimensions (157)
- Open Access Theses & Dissertations (157)
- Mental Enlightenment Scientific-Methodological Journal (148)
- Publication Type
Articles 2671 - 2700 of 32617
Full-Text Articles in Entire DC Network
Mixed Method Approach To Language Allocation Policies For High School English Language Learners, Rhonda Hope Huegel
Mixed Method Approach To Language Allocation Policies For High School English Language Learners, Rhonda Hope Huegel
Theses and Dissertations
This mixed-method sequential exploratory research study aims to describe how New York City High School principals use their language implementation policies to describe their approach to closing the achievement gap for English Learners through three theoretical lenses: transformative leadership, social constructivism, and ethics of care. The study used public data and documents along with principal interviews
Culturally Responsive Pedagogy In Mathematics Instructional Practices For Students With Disabilities, Pendo S. Nyanda
Culturally Responsive Pedagogy In Mathematics Instructional Practices For Students With Disabilities, Pendo S. Nyanda
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
Middle school mathematics special education teachers struggle to integrate culturally responsive pedagogy (CRP) into their instructional practices for students with disabilities (SWDs). The purpose of this basic qualitative study was to explore middle school mathematics special education teachers’ understanding of CRP and the support needed to integrate it into mathematics teaching practices. CRP was the conceptual framework for this study, explaining that teaching practices that integrate students’ cultural backgrounds promote their academic success. Two research questions guided the exploration of teachers' understanding of CRP and the support they believe is needed for integrating it. The study collected data through semistructured …
Examining The Relationship Between Teacher Characteristics And African American Vernacular English (Aave): A Quantitative Study, Mary Michelle Porter
Examining The Relationship Between Teacher Characteristics And African American Vernacular English (Aave): A Quantitative Study, Mary Michelle Porter
Theses & Dissertations
African American Vernacular English (AAVE) is a distinct linguistic variety characterized by unique grammatical and phonological features. Despite its linguistic legitimacy, AAVE is often subject to negative perceptions that can adversely affect the educational experiences of students who speak it. The purpose of this study is to examine elementary school teachers’ attitudes toward AAVE and how these are influenced by demographic factors. Forty-eight teachers from Suffolk, New York, and Houston, Texas, participated in a survey that included demographic questions and the Language Attitude Scale (LAS), a validated instrument for assessing attitudes toward AAVE. Demographic variables included age, race, years of …
Rootless - The Body Remembers What The Mind Has Forgotten, Helena Omana-Zapata
Rootless - The Body Remembers What The Mind Has Forgotten, Helena Omana-Zapata
Language, Literacy, and Sociocultural Studies ETDs
In repurposing academic spaces for healing, this project is meant to culminate in an artefact that aligns with decolonial educational practices, focusing on accessibility. In doing so, this project braids multimodality, re-represented history, and testimonio of various genres: personal narrative, Latinx story and resistance, critical examination of history and reproductions of information to depict my experience of detaching from cultural identity through assimilation and acculturation in the United States in education. In what I have called the process of leaving me rootless, I no longer had access to the places, people, identity, or language that established belonging. However, through …
Essential Knowledge For Serving Bilingual Youth: The Perspectives Of Adult Former English Learners, Maneka Deanna Brooks
Essential Knowledge For Serving Bilingual Youth: The Perspectives Of Adult Former English Learners, Maneka Deanna Brooks
Education Faculty Publications and Presentations
This study, framed by dignity-focused language policy and intersectional anti-adultism, investigates how 74 adults misclassified as English learners (ELs) during U.S. K-12 education conceptualize essential knowledge for educating bilingual students. Through semi-structured interviews, participants stressed two key areas for schools that serve bilingual students: recognizing students’ nuanced linguistic histories and acknowledging students as education partners. The findings emphasize centering impacted individuals’ perspectives, advocating for eliminating racial bias in EL policy implementation, and addressing institutionalized adultism in EL policy. Implications include the need for professional learning, policy, and practices prioritizing EL youths’ perspectives.
The Perceptions Of Junior High School Students And Parents On Parental Involvement, Hope E. Bratton
The Perceptions Of Junior High School Students And Parents On Parental Involvement, Hope E. Bratton
ATU Theses and Dissertations 2021 - Present
The purpose of this study was to determine whether there was a difference in perceptions between junior high school students and their parents regarding the level of parental involvement in their child's education using Goulet’s Student-Rated Parent School Involvement Questionnaire (SR-PSIQ). It was to educate them about the positive effects that their child’s education has, as well as the negative ones. Educational achievement is built by a team of members from the school district and the guardian working together for the child’s best interests. The study included Jersey Junior High Independent School District participants in Jersey, Texas, and Lizard Hill …
Seeing The Bigger Picture: A Comparative Approach To English Language Learner Policy And Practice In Mississippi, Anne Haughton
Seeing The Bigger Picture: A Comparative Approach To English Language Learner Policy And Practice In Mississippi, Anne Haughton
Honors Theses
As the number of English Language Learners (ELLs) in Mississippi’s public schools continues to rise, the state’s current systems of support have been lagging. This thesis examines how English Language Learners (ELLs) are supported in three states with distinct policies and programs: California, Texas, and Arizona. Then, these approaches are compared to the current situation in Mississippi. Using public education policies, state department guidelines, and existing research on instructional models, the study highlights key differences in program options, teacher preparation, and graduation outcomes in each state. The findings show that while states like California and Texas have invested in bilingualism …
An Autoethnography Of My Experience Navigating The United States Educational System As An Immigrant: Intercultural Communication Challenges And Cultural Asynchronization, Anuti Ngangana
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The purpose of this study was to share experiences as an immigrant student and answer the following question: What does my personal life history reveal about the importance of intercultural communication in the U.S. educational system? Immigrants leave their countries of origin and migrate to the United States for various reasons. Many are traumatized when they enter the country due to civil unrest in their native countries. Immigrants arrive with their children, who join a school system that is generally unprepared to meet their needs. In order to document immigrant experiences, the researcher utilized an autoethnographic approach using counter-storytelling from …
Toward A Black-Brilliance Praxis Of (Re)Centering And (Re)Imagining Blackness In Education, Kiese Vita
Toward A Black-Brilliance Praxis Of (Re)Centering And (Re)Imagining Blackness In Education, Kiese Vita
Black Educology Mixtape "Journal"
Missing within educational research on theory, pedagogy, and teaching are unifying frameworks created by Black people for Black people that cohesively combine applicable ways to explicitly (re)center Black people's historical, educational, ideological, cultural, and spiritual ways of being. Paralleling Dumas and ross’s (2016) theorized Black critical theory (BlackCrit) in education, I endarken (Dillard, 2006) and carry on the tradition to address the specificity of antiblackness and better understand the anti-Black schooling experiences of Black scholars by theorizing a Black-Brilliance Praxis framework. This framework serves as a pedagogical, methodological, and spiritual approach for how Black educators specifically, and …
A Historical-Discourse Policy Analysis Of Arkansas' Educational Policies: A Post-Marxist, Gramscian Perspective, Matti Izora Ibrahim
A Historical-Discourse Policy Analysis Of Arkansas' Educational Policies: A Post-Marxist, Gramscian Perspective, Matti Izora Ibrahim
ATU Theses and Dissertations 2021 - Present
ABSTRACT A HISTORICAL-DISCOURSE POLICY ANALYSIS OF ARKANSAS’ EDUCATIONAL POLICIES: A POST-MARXIST, GRAMSCIAN PERSPECTIVE Matti Izora Ibrahim Few studies have explored the macro-level factors that influence education. This research examines how political forces shaping K-12 education in Arkansas connect to broader global political trends. Grounded in a post-Marxist, Gramscian framework, the research employs a Discourse-Historical Approach (Wodak, 2001) to examine the rhetorical construction of the language in Arkansas Act 327 (2023), commonly known as the LEARNS Act, and Executive Order EO 23-05, the executive order which preceded it. Accordingly, this research examines whether these policies reflect broader global political patterns by …
Optimized Student Grouping For Enhanced Classroom Performance, Kathryn E. Reardon
Optimized Student Grouping For Enhanced Classroom Performance, Kathryn E. Reardon
Honors Theses
Effective grouping methods enhance classroom collaboration and allow for a student-centered teaching approach; however, traditional grouping methods are time-consuming, subjective, and can create inconsistent group dynamics. This project addresses these challenges by employing a data-driven approach to optimize student groups based on academic performance, behavior, attendance, language barriers, and teacher preferences. The minimum viable product is a web application with an algorithm-driven system to group students and a database storage for group results. During the initiation phase, a problem was defined with a proposed solution. During the planning phase, potential design choices and grouping methods were researched and assessed. During …
Teachers' Multiculturalism And Digital Learning Choices For Students With Limited Or Interrupted Formal Education, Jitka Nelsonova Brychtova
Teachers' Multiculturalism And Digital Learning Choices For Students With Limited Or Interrupted Formal Education, Jitka Nelsonova Brychtova
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
The English language learner environment in U.S. secondary schools is increasingly complex due to the growing numbers of students with limited or interrupted formal education (SLIFE) who require a culturally responsive approach. Teachers are not prepared to meet the needs of SLIFE, especially in the technology-enhanced classrooms. A gap in the literature exists regarding the culturally responsive use of digital learning resources (DLRs) with high school SLIFE. The purpose of this quantitative study was to examine whether the teachers’ self-reported multicultural teaching competencies (skills and knowledge) predict the choice of DLRs used with SLIFE. The study was grounded in Vygotsky’s …
English Language Teachers’ Use Of Technology In Libya: A Qualitative Study Using The Samr Model, Tasnem Alarbi
English Language Teachers’ Use Of Technology In Libya: A Qualitative Study Using The Samr Model, Tasnem Alarbi
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
With the increasing dominance of technology in almost every aspect of our life and the evidence-based potential of technology to support learning, it becomes important to integrate technology in language instruction. Although there is a huge body of research on the effectiveness of technology in transforming learning in the field of language learning, there is little research reflecting on current teachers’ practices of instructional technology in language learning environments. Guided by the student-centered learning theory and the SAMR framework, this qualitative study explored the current practices of English as a Foreign language (EFL) teachers as related to technology integration in …
Benefits And Applications Of Learning With Virtual Reality, Michael W. Timm
Benefits And Applications Of Learning With Virtual Reality, Michael W. Timm
Honors Program: Senior Projects (Public)
Education is a fundamental pillar of society. It equips students for employment and interpersonal relations. Virtual reality (VR) has emerged as a transformative technology in the field of education. The aim of this paper is to synthesize existing research in order to determine the benefits of utilizing virtual reality in a variety of education settings, such as K-12 classrooms, universities, and workplace training. This paper observes significant benefits of virtual reality in constructivist and experiential learning, gamified learning, and tailored practice. This analysis also finds that virtual reality is advantageous for educational accessibility, particularly for absentee students and impoverished students. …
“Let Me Be A Bridge”: Language Brokering Among Emerging Adult Latina Professionals In The Midwest, Elise M. Dubord
“Let Me Be A Bridge”: Language Brokering Among Emerging Adult Latina Professionals In The Midwest, Elise M. Dubord
Faculty Publications
In immigrant families, bilingual children and adolescents regularly act as translators and interpreters for family and community members who are not fluent in the dominant language. These childhood language brokers later shift the focus of their translation activities as they transition into adulthood and develop professional skills. This research explores narratives of language brokering trajectories of three bilingual Latinas who were emerging adult professionals in three cities in Iowa. Based on a series of interviews collected over a 15 month period, this analysis examines how participants described realigning their family language responsibilities while simultaneously transferring their language brokering skills to …
Secondary Teachers’ Perspectives About Promoting Belongingness For Marginalized Students, Michelle Cottrell-Williams
Secondary Teachers’ Perspectives About Promoting Belongingness For Marginalized Students, Michelle Cottrell-Williams
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
Although school belonging supports well-being and academic achievement, marginalized students may experience less belongingness than their peers. Educators contribute to students’ sense of belongingness, but a gap in the literature existed about how secondary teachers perceive the promotion of belongingness for marginalized students. Guided by the ethic of care conceptual framework, the purpose of this basic qualitative study was to explore secondary teachers’ perspectives about promoting belongingness for marginalized students. The research question addressed secondary teachers’ perspectives about strategies, enablers, and barriers. The 11 participants were secondary teachers; members of the National Network of State Teachers of the Year or …
A Study Of Social And Emotional Learning Provision To Kindergarten Students In A Rural School Through The Lens Of Whole Child Development, Shirley Spiegel
A Study Of Social And Emotional Learning Provision To Kindergarten Students In A Rural School Through The Lens Of Whole Child Development, Shirley Spiegel
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The purpose of this Improvement Science Project was to take appraisal of a rural school district’s current approach for developing the whole child in kindergarten. Three prominent context-based child development theories serve as the framework for this study in determining if there is evidence in practice for support of whole child development, or if those practices or components of the current practices do not demonstrate clear evidence for whole child development, according to the theoretical framework. Conducted through the lens of these whole child development theories, this study centered on the Social and Emotional Learning (SEL) provision to kindergarten students …
The Ecology Of Practices: Perspectives Of Female Principals Leading Rural Schools In Zimbabwe, Precious Guramatunhu Mudiwa
The Ecology Of Practices: Perspectives Of Female Principals Leading Rural Schools In Zimbabwe, Precious Guramatunhu Mudiwa
Journal of Organizational & Educational Leadership
This study aimed to explore the lived experiences of five female principals leading rural schools in Zimbabwe. Using a qualitative approach through face-to-face interviews and employing the ecology of practices framework (Stengers, 2005) to address environmental challenges in rural schools, the findings illustrate the multidimensional challenges faced by female school leaders in rural settings, that include infrastructural deficiencies, chronic academic underperformance, poor teacher working conditions, absenteeism, funding shortages, and gender bias. Despite these difficulties, principals demonstrated resilience through strategic leadership, community collaboration, and faith-based coping mechanisms. These insights contribute to a broader understanding of the intersection of gender and educational …
May 2025 Faculty Senate Packet, University Of Nebraska At Kearney Faculty Senate
May 2025 Faculty Senate Packet, University Of Nebraska At Kearney Faculty Senate
Faculty Senate Packets
No abstract provided.
Early Childhood Teachers’ Perspectives On Challenges Using Developmentally Appropriate Practices In The Classroom, Tamesha Samone Parris
Early Childhood Teachers’ Perspectives On Challenges Using Developmentally Appropriate Practices In The Classroom, Tamesha Samone Parris
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
Early childhood teachers’ understanding of developmentally appropriate practice (DAP) is necessary to support children’s development and learning in early childhood settings. The problem was many early childhood teachers experience challenges using DAP to make informed decisions in the classroom to support birth to 3-year-old children’s development and learning. The purpose of this qualitative study was to explore early childhood teachers’ perspectives on challenges using DAP to make informed decisions to support birth to 3-year-old children’s development and learning in the classroom and what was needed to improve their use of DAP. The conceptual framework for this study was the National …
Pausing Patterns Across Speech Tasks In Individuals Diagnosed With Broca's Aphasia, Kate Low
Pausing Patterns Across Speech Tasks In Individuals Diagnosed With Broca's Aphasia, Kate Low
Theses and Dissertations
The purpose of this study was to investigate whether individuals with moderate Broca's aphasia exhibit different pause duration and frequency patterns compared to individuals without neurological disorders, as well as to explore how speech task type influences pause patterns. A total of 16 participants (eight male and eight female) previously diagnosed with moderate Broca's aphasia and apraxia were included in this study, along with 16 age- and gender-matched control participants. Speech recordings from the 16 participants were sourced from the AphasiaBank database. Speech samples from four different task types (i.e., interview, personal narrative, picture description, and story retell) were analyzed …
Back Matter, Harry Denny
Back Matter, Harry Denny
The Writing Center Journal
Back Matter for Writing Center Journal 43.1.
The Impact Of Focused Specific Phonemic Awareness Instruction On English Language Learners In The Kindergarten Classroom, Bethany Brewer
The Impact Of Focused Specific Phonemic Awareness Instruction On English Language Learners In The Kindergarten Classroom, Bethany Brewer
Dissertations
This study is about the impact of focused phonemic awareness instruction on English language learners in a Kindergarten classroom. The gaps in early literacy skills for students entering Kindergarten can create long-lasting deficits for students (NAEP, 2022). The purpose of this study is to determine if the engagement and performance of ELL students changes during whole group phonemic awareness and phonics instruction when taught specific skills in small group. The study took place in a Kindergarten classroom with students who have been identified as English Language Learners through ACCESS testing. This qualitative study used interviews with teachers to determine the …
The Impact Of Flipped Classroom With Active Learning Model Of Instruction In Teaching Stoichiometry In Chemistry Among Black And Brown Students, Lawrence Femi Akintokun
The Impact Of Flipped Classroom With Active Learning Model Of Instruction In Teaching Stoichiometry In Chemistry Among Black And Brown Students, Lawrence Femi Akintokun
Dissertations
Students pursuing professions in STEM sometimes encounter difficulties in General Chemistry, a semester-long foundational subject. A fundamental subject in this course is stoichiometry, which pertains to the mathematical connections between elements and compounds in chemical processes. This fundamental notion is essential for comprehending advanced chemistry subjects, although it may provide challenges for students because of its dependence on algorithms and prior knowledge. Research has predominantly concentrated on the conceptualization of stoichiometry through models endorsed by educators, rather than on student involvement. This project sought to investigate the interactions of Black and Brown students with essential stoichiometry ideas in General Chemistry …
Everyone Drums: A Music And Social Studies Homeschool Curriculum, Emma Zemancik
Everyone Drums: A Music And Social Studies Homeschool Curriculum, Emma Zemancik
Honors Projects
Everyone Drums: A Music and Social Studies Homeschool Curriculum aims to fill a gap in music education homeschool curricula. The workbook, parent guide, and paper work together to highlight percussion traditions from around the world as means to teach geography, history, culture, and of course music.
A Curriculum To Foster Self-Management Through Morning Meetings, Emily Auld
A Curriculum To Foster Self-Management Through Morning Meetings, Emily Auld
Masters Theses/Capstone Projects
The purpose of this capstone is to create a curriculum for morning meetings that foster self-management skills in 5th grade students. I have created a four-week curriculum that addresses self-management skills for students in 5th grade, although, this curriculum can be easily adjusted to fit the needs of students in younger grades. This curriculum was created using the research I have outlined in my literature review. Additionally, this curriculum uses The Collaborative for Social and Emotional Learning (CASEL) framework guide my curriculum.
“We All Have Our Boulders To Pass, And This Was One Of Mine”: Ethnoculturally Diverse High-School-Aged Youth And Their Reclamation Of Nature, Andrew T. Turchon
“We All Have Our Boulders To Pass, And This Was One Of Mine”: Ethnoculturally Diverse High-School-Aged Youth And Their Reclamation Of Nature, Andrew T. Turchon
Graduate Doctoral Dissertations
This qualitative, ethnographic, youth-centered study explored how ethnoculturally diverse urban high-school-aged youth express their relationships to nature. Participatory and youth-centered methodologies and data sources, including Photovoice, photo-elicitation interviews, and classroom artifacts, centered the voices of a diverse group of urban youth and their experiences in local forest reservations. Diverse urban youth are typically marginalized from environmental education, place-based learning, and representation in outdoor-related research. Therefore, it is critical that educational researchers include the voices of these students in conversations about nature to broaden the sociocultural framework around what “nature” is, how it is experienced, and by whom. This theoretical framework …
A Reading Curriculum Teaching “Text-To-Self" Connections Using Literature With Diverse Characters At The Early Elementary Level, Elise N. Buzza
A Reading Curriculum Teaching “Text-To-Self" Connections Using Literature With Diverse Characters At The Early Elementary Level, Elise N. Buzza
Masters Theses/Capstone Projects
This research project’s focus was to answer the question of how can texts featuring realistic diverse characters be used to teach “text-to-self” connections at the kindergarten level? With a rapid increase of diverse demographics in the classroom, students’ accessibility to diverse literature becomes crucial. While the need for diverse literature is heightened, students and teachers instead are met with curriculum that’s focus remains on animal characters. Researchers argue that with a lack of diverse visibility in literature, this presents a significant issue pertaining to a reader’s engagement. Thus, “text-to-self” connections become vital. This is when readers use their experience to …
Impact Of Professional Development On Teacher Perceptions Of Culturally And Ethnically Diverse Students, Stephanie Kirk Mcmillan
Impact Of Professional Development On Teacher Perceptions Of Culturally And Ethnically Diverse Students, Stephanie Kirk Mcmillan
Curriculum and Instruction (Ed.D.) Dissertations
Deficit thinking is when we view another as having less potential based on preconceived notions defined by our backgrounds and, oftentimes, society. A predominantly White teaching force is encountering more cultural and ethnic diversity in their classrooms than ever before. Professional development for teachers is historically beneficial and promotes change in teaching and pedagogy. This study utilized a mixed-methods methodology that examined the effects of professional development on teachers’ knowledge and skills as they pertained to culturally responsive teaching. Descriptive statistics and t-tests were used to test the study's questions. This study surveyed teachers before and after a professional development …
The Multilingual Book Club Model: Engaging Multilingual Learners In Bilingual (Spanish-English) Graphic Novel Book Clubs To Acquire Language And Vocabulary, Maureen L. Flanagan
The Multilingual Book Club Model: Engaging Multilingual Learners In Bilingual (Spanish-English) Graphic Novel Book Clubs To Acquire Language And Vocabulary, Maureen L. Flanagan
Masters Theses/Capstone Projects
This project explores the importance of using translanguaging to support multilingual learners in predominantly English speaking classrooms. The main intent is to provide an engaging curriculum that provides culturally responsive material for multilingual students whose home language is Spanish. The project explores seminal research in second language acquisition and the importance of vocabulary instruction. It also acknowledges the importance of the Book Club Model