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The Term Structure Of Interest Rates And Unconventional Federal Reserve Monetary Policy Jan 2026

The Term Structure Of Interest Rates And Unconventional Federal Reserve Monetary Policy

Journal of Economics and Finance Education

The term structure of interest rates argues that a fundamental determinant of the Treasury yield curve is expected future short-term interest rates. In early 2013 it is possible to construct a predicted yield curve based on future expectations, and compare it to the actual yield curve. Due to the unconventional Federal Reserve policies that began in 2008, the actual yield curve lies well below that predicted by the term structure theory. Our research indicates that the cumulative impact as of January 2013 of the unconventional Fed monetary policies is to decrease the 10-year Treasury yield by about 80 basis points.

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Gender-Based Trading: Evidence From A Classroom Experiment Jan 2026

Gender-Based Trading: Evidence From A Classroom Experiment

Journal of Economics and Finance Education

Is there a difference in the trading behavior of men and women? The question stems from research suggesting that men tend to be more overconfident than women, trade more and earn lower portfolio returns. Moreover, men appear to be less risk-averse than women. We present evidence from a student investment market simulation, Stock-Trak©, conducted in an upper division college finance course

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Using Sports To Teach Finance And Economics Jan 2026

Using Sports To Teach Finance And Economics

Journal of Economics and Finance Education

Sustaining student interest in economics and finance is often a challenging task. One way to generate interest is through the use of examples that are interesting and relevant to the students. Sports provide many examples of finance and economics principles. In this paper, we provide seven sports examples that can be used to demonstrate various topics in and out of the classroom. These examples can be used either to introduce material or to assist more advanced students in gaining a deeper understanding of the subject matter. The examples have the additional benefit of providing memorable allegories to the business world.

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A Note On Animating Financial Equations With Scientific Notebook® Jan 2026

A Note On Animating Financial Equations With Scientific Notebook®

Journal of Economics and Finance Education

Students of finance are often challenged to understand how financial equations respond to changes in key variables. All too often, the pedagogy offered these students includes usage of static graphs. Although there is a plethora of research in other disciplines showing animation provides superior learning outcomes compared to static images, the use of animation to illustrate financial relationships has received little attention in the financial education literature. This paper and the animations shown on the www.financeanimations.com website demonstrate Scientific Notebook’s ® ability to animate equations commonly taught in university introductory finance courses.

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Using Microsoft Corporation To Demonstrate The Optimal Capital Structure Trade-Off Theory Jan 2026

Using Microsoft Corporation To Demonstrate The Optimal Capital Structure Trade-Off Theory

Journal of Economics and Finance Education

In this paper, we apply the trade-off theory of capital structure to Microsoft. We use data for bond ratings, bond risk premiums, and levered CAPM betas to compute the cost of equity and the weighted average cost of capital for Microsoft at different debt levels. This study shows the impact of increasing financial leverage on WACC. As financial leverage increases, the WACC decreases until the optimal debt ratio is reached, after which, the WACC begins to rise. At this debt ratio, the value of Microsoft will be maximized. Our results indicate the optimal debt ratio for Microsoft is 37.5 percent.

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Differences In Student Evaluations From Hybrid And Traditional Courses Jan 2026

Differences In Student Evaluations From Hybrid And Traditional Courses

Journal of Economics and Finance Education

Hybrid courses contain online elements in combination with reduced in-class seat time. This study examines differences in student evaluations from hybrid and traditional sections of an introductory course in economic and business statistics. In our hybrid course, face-to-face lectures are replaced with online lectures and class periods are conducted as question-answer and practice sessions. We find strong evidence that students mark down evaluation scores in the hybrid versus traditional format. Markdowns occur across all dimensions of the evaluation instrument.

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The Implementation Of A Terminal Master’S Program In Applied Economics Jan 2026

The Implementation Of A Terminal Master’S Program In Applied Economics

Journal of Economics and Finance Education

This paper examines the impacts of transforming a traditional master’s program into a professionally-oriented, terminal degree program in applied economics. Alumni surveys were conducted before and after the curricular innovation and the results indicate that the change in program provided high quality training that alumni judged to be more relevant to the post-graduate work environment. This case study illustrates that master’s programs in economics can benefit by implementing curricular structures that explicitly serve terminal degree-seeking students while, at the same time, provide elements of training that students destined for the Ph.D. are unlikely to receive in a doctoral program.

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Twitter And The Public Choice Course: A Pedagogical Vignette On Political Information Technology Jan 2026

Twitter And The Public Choice Course: A Pedagogical Vignette On Political Information Technology

Journal of Economics and Finance Education

Given the paucity of undergraduate textbooks in public choice, instructors often look for innovative approaches and unique examples when teaching undergraduate courses in public choice economics. This essay offers a pedagogical vignette for undergraduate courses in public choice that deals with the technological development in political information represented by “tweeting.” Twitter offers mobile communications services that some representatives use to boost their stock of political reputation capital.

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Minimizing Resource Costs Under A Gold Standard: From Warehouse Deposits To Deposit Banking Jan 2026

Minimizing Resource Costs Under A Gold Standard: From Warehouse Deposits To Deposit Banking

Journal of Economics and Finance Education

One of the criticisms of the gold coin standard is it entails more resource costs than other systems. Why after all should people have to carry around bags of gold for each transaction and pay to have so much of it stored in vaults? In this piece I will discuss the options of one famous lover of gold, Scrooge McDuck, and discuss how the storage cost criticisms of gold money are unwarranted. A system can easily evolve from one where people held coins to one where they loan their commodity via bankers and earn interest thereby eliminating the large need …

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Npv Simulation: Technical Associates, Inc. Jan 2026

Npv Simulation: Technical Associates, Inc.

Journal of Economics and Finance Education

This paper presents a scenario analysis from an actual firm, one with a substantial level of sophistication. In this firm, input data is regularly created using probability distributions for sales estimates, cost estimates, tax considerations, and depreciation schedules. One limited scenario is presented in this paper - simplistic enough that students are able to concentrate on the mechanics of the simulation, but complex enough to reflect the degree of quantitative capability necessary in a financial analysis group within a company. The lack of a real-world example is thus solved in this paper, and sufficient guidance is given to direct a …

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Brain-Type, Gender, And Student Success In The Principles Of Economics Jan 2026

Brain-Type, Gender, And Student Success In The Principles Of Economics

Journal of Economics and Finance Education

Studies of the impact of gender on student performance in the principles of economics yield ambiguous conclusions. Some studies find that women are less successful than men in the principles of economics, while others conclude that gender is inconsequential. Few, if any, scientific works find women’s performance better than men’s performance. These ambiguities arise because past studies have not considered the distribution of brain-types by gender. This paper addresses the question of which brain-types are more successful in the principles of economics and whether these brain-types can be associated with a particular gender.

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Advancing The Credit Channel And Credit Rationing In The Undergraduate Curriculum: A Useful Model Jan 2026

Advancing The Credit Channel And Credit Rationing In The Undergraduate Curriculum: A Useful Model

Journal of Economics and Finance Education

This paper introduces a model of the lending decision that accounts for credit rationing behavior as it captures fundamental aspects of the credit channel of monetary policy. The model distinguishes between the credit channel’s bank-lending and balance-sheet effects in its representation of how different types of shocks influence lending. It is hoped that the model will facilitate and encourage greater attention in the undergraduate curriculum to the credit channel as well as credit rationing, the significance of both having been accentuated by the recent sub-prime lending crisis and the Fed’s expanded responsibilities in the financial markets.

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Attracting “Otherwise Bright” Women To Economics: An Administrative Strategy For Small To Medium Size Economics Departments Jan 2026

Attracting “Otherwise Bright” Women To Economics: An Administrative Strategy For Small To Medium Size Economics Departments

Journal of Economics and Finance Education

This paper reports on a departmental strategy that targets students in the one-semester introductory economics survey course for non-majors by (1) aggressively marketing the economics degree, and (2) allowing high achieving students to waive the macroeconomic principles requirement for an economics degree. A detailed analysis of 602 student transcripts over a period of 33 years suggests that the waiver policy has not disadvantaged students in subsequent upper-level economics courses. On the contrary, women entering the economics program through the survey course have both significantly improved gender balance and the overall academic performance of economics students

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Improving Student Performance In Business Statistics Courses With Online Assessments Jan 2026

Improving Student Performance In Business Statistics Courses With Online Assessments

Journal of Economics and Finance Education

We study the impact of online assessments on student performance in business statistics courses. We quantify the degree to which students take advantage of various online opportunities to improve their quiz grades and estimate its effect on in-class exam scores. We also study the perceptions of students regarding online assessments using anonymous surveys. We find that students believe that multiple attempts at online quizzes help them learn the material, and for the most part take advantage of these opportunities to improve their quiz grades. Furthermore, the effect on exam performance is positive and significant.

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The Textbook Adoption Process By Economics Professors Jan 2026

The Textbook Adoption Process By Economics Professors

Journal of Economics and Finance Education

Textbooks are an integral component of the higher education process. This study examines the textbook selection process and the marketing techniques used by publishers to encourage adoption. A total of 134 survey responses were collected. Results indicate that content, ancillary materials, length of the textbook and textbook costs are the primary drivers of adoption. Examination copies, contact by book reps, and direct mail flyers were the best methods of encouraging economics faculty to examine a new textbook. Significant differences were found based on years of teaching experience, rank, and the institution’s student enrollment.

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Characterizing Student Finance Organizations-A Survey Of Fma Chapters Jan 2026

Characterizing Student Finance Organizations-A Survey Of Fma Chapters

Journal of Economics and Finance Education

This manuscript presents the results of a survey of faculty advisors of student chapters of the Financial Management Association International (FMA). The institutions, advisors, and chapters are characterized in an effort to better understand how institutions serve their students—through the management of chapters and also how institutions provide that service through assignment of faculty advisors. The evidence indicates that chapters provide a wide-range of services and opportunities to students through the chapters, yet there appears to be differing perspectives as to the role, nature, and assignment, of chapter advisors.

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Recent Trends And New Evidence In Economics And Finance Education Jan 2026

Recent Trends And New Evidence In Economics And Finance Education

Journal of Economics and Finance Education

The teaching of pre-college economics has been widely researched for over 45 years with studies focused upon teacher training and improving students’ understanding. This paper reviews that research base, and reports the results of a new national survey, as well as a summary of several recent developments in the field of economic education. Young people can learn economics best when taught by knowledgeable teachers using well developed curriculum materials. But, to accommodate expanding state requirements, pertinacious state bureaucracies must increase teacher training and curriculum standards.

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The Effectiveness Of Casual Group Learning In Introductory Finance Tutorials Jan 2026

The Effectiveness Of Casual Group Learning In Introductory Finance Tutorials

Journal of Economics and Finance Education

Many universities require introductory financial management for undergraduate business majors. This study measures whether classroom study groups have a more positive effect on student perceptions and performance than traditional teacher driven classes. As an alternative to traditional tutorial teaching, Classroom Study Groups is an application of casual group learning and is consistent with Constructivist learning theories. The study reports significant differences between the two approaches, with student engagement and satisfaction reported at higher levels amongst those students involved in the traditional, teacher-led approach, and no significant difference between the two in regard to student performance. Interesting relationships are found between …

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Testing Equity Portfolios For Alpha Bias: An Exercise For Student Investment Funds Jan 2026

Testing Equity Portfolios For Alpha Bias: An Exercise For Student Investment Funds

Journal of Economics and Finance Education

We present an exercise that that guides students through the rationale and techniques for identifying and correcting for alpha bias in the reported performance of equity portfolios. The exercise is particularly relevant for Student Investment Fund programs that invest actual money, as the historical performance of the class portfolio can be used in the activity, which creates an additional level of engagement for students. Students learn why portfolios that emphasize smallcapitalization and/or value stocks tend to display a positive alpha bias (overstating performance), and why portfolios that emphasize largecapitalization and/or growth stocks tend to display a negative alpha bias (understating …

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Teaching Bond Valuation: A Differential Approach Demonstrating Duration And Convexity Jan 2026

Teaching Bond Valuation: A Differential Approach Demonstrating Duration And Convexity

Journal of Economics and Finance Education

A traditional bond pricing scheme used in introductory finance texts is simple enough but not necessarily intuitive. The differential approach suggested here presents premiums (discounts) as coupon interest over- (under-) payments to make bond pricing dynamics more intuitive. The primary pedagogic benefit is the differential approach demonstrates the more sophisticated bond valuation concepts of duration and convexity.

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Is There A Link Between Performance In International Economics Courses And Academic Success? Jan 2026

Is There A Link Between Performance In International Economics Courses And Academic Success?

Journal of Economics and Finance Education

This paper uses a sample of 6,470 students and Maximum Likelihood Estimation to determine the relationship between grades received in international economics courses and academic success of business majors. The results indicate that the grades earned in international economics courses as well as the number of international economics courses are significant and positive determinants of students’ final GPA.

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A Spreadsheet Application To Evaluate The Performance Of Protective Puts Jan 2026

A Spreadsheet Application To Evaluate The Performance Of Protective Puts

Journal of Economics and Finance Education

This paper presents a spreadsheet application for performance evaluation of three put strategies adopted in practice. In contrast to the single-period protective put found in finance textbooks, these strategies roll over short maturity options over an extended period. The spreadsheet application provides the instructor with a pedagogical tool to illustrate and explain the measurement of insurance costs, the asymmetric impact of the options on the return distribution of the stock, the impact of exercise price on downside protection and upside reduction, and the dependence of the return on the put strategy on the stock price path.

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A Probabilistic Model For Measuring Stock Returns And The Returns From Playing Lottery Tickets: The Basis Of An Instructional Activity Jan 2026

A Probabilistic Model For Measuring Stock Returns And The Returns From Playing Lottery Tickets: The Basis Of An Instructional Activity

Journal of Economics and Finance Education

Many individuals indicate that playing the lottery is a legitimate way to generate wealth, including retirement savings. We offer a methodology designed to create interactive learning activities comparing the results of playing the lottery versus investing in stocks to create wealth. To emphasize the stochastic nature of investment and lottery returns, we employ a Monte Carlo simulation that draws from probability distributions created from lottery payoffs and historical stock returns. The model results demonstrate, visually and numerically that stock investments generally outperform the lottery in generating wealth.

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A Brief Introduction To Marginal Analysis For The Micro-Economics Principles Course Jan 2026

A Brief Introduction To Marginal Analysis For The Micro-Economics Principles Course

Journal of Economics and Finance Education

This brief note provides a simple, yet powerful example of how the marginal cost/marginal benefit principle can be used in everyday life. Using the decision of the optimal choice of speed on the highway, this note was developed for use as one of the first readings in an introductory microeconomics course. It is clear in this demonstration that marginal cost is increasing, while marginal benefit is decreasing, and how the intersection of these two curves shows the optimal choice. In addition, shifts in the curves can easily be demonstrated as an introduction to supply and demand.

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Yield-To-Maturity And The Reinvestment Of Coupon Payments Jan 2026

Yield-To-Maturity And The Reinvestment Of Coupon Payments

Journal of Economics and Finance Education

This note addresses a common misconception, found in investment texts and popular investment education literature, that in order to earn the yield to maturity on a coupon bond an investor must reinvest the coupon payments. We identify a sample of text and professional sources making this claim, demonstrate that yield to maturity entails no assumption of coupon reinvestment, discuss a cause for this confusion and offer a possible remedy.

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Yield To Maturity Is Always Received As Promised Jan 2026

Yield To Maturity Is Always Received As Promised

Journal of Economics and Finance Education

This note comments on a misconception that yield to maturity from holding a coupon bond until maturity is only promised, but not really received, unless coupon payments are reinvested at the same rate as the (original) yield to maturity. It shows that yield to maturity is always earned no matter how coupon payments are allocated – spent or reinvested at any rate. It illuminates that the realized compounding yield in fact measures the yield to maturity from a combination of two investments rather from simply holding the bond itself until maturity.

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The Influence Of University Investment Education On Asset Allocation Jan 2026

The Influence Of University Investment Education On Asset Allocation

Journal of Economics and Finance Education

Using survey data from students at three universities, we examine the influence of an Investments Analysis course on student perception of the ideal asset allocation for a retirement portfolio. Consistent with previous studies that examine financial education in the workplace, a critical outcome of university investment education is the apparent alleviation of a conservative bias that is typically prevalent among uninformed investors. This change results in an increasing willingness to take larger stock positions, which produces higher expected returns and larger portfolio betas. Most importantly, however, the net effect is more efficient portfolios, particularly for those students who begin with …

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Math Skills And Everyday Problem Solving Jan 2026

Math Skills And Everyday Problem Solving

Journal of Economics and Finance Education

Given the importance of mathematics to economic education, we administer a test of basic math skills to 696 students enrolled in various college economics courses in order to understand the factors influencing a student’s ability to apply basic math skills in practical settings. Students with strong elementary math skills perform significantly better in applied contexts and we find that taking more math classes in college improves a student’s ability to apply mathematics substantially. Interestingly, our results suggest that students with greater personal financial responsibility in funding their education do significantly better in understanding and applying basic math skills.

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Financial Industry Certification Preparation And “Teaching To The Test” Jan 2026

Financial Industry Certification Preparation And “Teaching To The Test”

Journal of Economics and Finance Education

This paper addresses two aspects of offering finance certification training programs at the university level. During the spring term 2006, Southern New Hampshire University offered (in conjunction with a large, diversified financial services company) a finance elective course to prepare students to sit for the FINRA Series 7 General Securities Registered Representative Examination. Firstly, the paper provides a brief background on developing a specialized academic course working in cooperation with a corporate entity. Secondly, the paper explores the academic ramifications of delivering the course in a “teaching to the test” format instead of a more typical academic course delivery.

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Collusion And Stock Offerings: A Classroom Exercise For Economics And Finance Classes Jan 2026

Collusion And Stock Offerings: A Classroom Exercise For Economics And Finance Classes

Journal of Economics and Finance Education

Collusion-based lawsuits surrounding initial and seasoned offerings have been a reoccurring phenomenon. This paper offers a classroom exercise for economics and finance courses that allows students to experience the collusion phenomenon. This is achieved through simulating how underwriters and preferred clients participate in schemes of buying and selling shares of a new stock issue in order to make exorbitant profits. Students experience the consequences when excessive investor demand is not tempered with an understanding of how earning fundamentals determine security value. Most importantly, students gain insight into the ethical responsibilities of those involved in the security issuance process.

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