Digital Commons Network^™

Lessons Learned: Seth Carpenter, Maryann Haggerty

Journal of Financial Crises

Seth Carpenter was a senior staff member of the Division of Monetary Affairs at the Federal Reserve Board during the 2007–09 Global Financial Crisis (GFC), meaning he was part of the team that advised the Board of Governors and members of the Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC) in setting monetary policy. He led the Board team that worked daily with the Open Market Trading Desk at the Federal Reserve Bank of New York to implement policy. He left the Federal Reserve System as deputy director of monetary affairs in 2014 to work at the US Department of the Treasury, where …

Lessons Learned: Tim Clark, Lynnley Browning

Journal of Financial Crises

During the Global Financial Crisis of 2007–09, Tim Clark was senior adviser in the Division of Banking Supervision and Regulation at the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System. Clark was a chief architect of the Federal Reserve’s capital and liquidity stress tests that helped to stabilize the banks. He was also one of the leaders behind the implementation of the Dodd-Frank Act and other reforms at the Federal Reserve, and ultimately served as deputy director of the Division for Supervision and Regulation. This abstract is based on an interview with Clark that occurred on December 13, 2019.

The Internal Capital Markets Of Global Dealer Banks, Arun Gupta

Journal of Financial Crises

This study uncovers the existence of a trillion-dollar internal capital market that played a central role in the financing of dealer banks during the 2007–09 Global Financial Crisis. Hand-collecting a novel set of dealer microdata at the subsidiary level, I present a unique set of facts on the evolution of inter-affiliate loans between US primary dealers and their (primarily foreign) siblings. First, the aggregate size of these dealer internal capital markets quadrupled from $335 billion in 2001 to $1.2 trillion by 2007. Second, 25 percent of total repurchase agreements and 62 percent of total securities lending reported on US primary …

Lessons Learned: John Bovenzi, Sandra Ward

Journal of Financial Crises

As a deputy to the chairman of the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) and in his role as chief operating officer of the agency, John Bovenzi provided policy advice and oversaw the agency’s operations, including business lines, bank supervision, bank closings, deposit insurance, and administrative affairs. Bovenzi’s most notable role during the Global Financial Crisis was manning the helm of mortgage lender IndyMac after the FDIC took it over in July 2008 to position it for a sale. This abstract is based on an interview with Bovenzi conducted on December 2, 2020

Managing External Volatility: Policy Frameworks In Non-Reserve-Issuing Economies, Hélène Poirson, Nathan Porter, Ghada Fayad, Itai Agur, Ran Bi, Jiaqian Chen, Johannes Eugster, Stefan Laseen, Jeta Menkulasi, Kenji Moriyama, Céline Rochon, Katsiaryna Svirydzenka, Camilo Tovar, Zhongxia Zhang, Aleksandra Zdzienicka

Journal of Financial Crises

Since the Global Financial Crisis, non-reserve-issuing economies (NREs) have been highly sensitive to episodes of external pressures. With monetary policy independence constrained by this sensitivity, many NREs have utilized other policy instruments. This paper confirms the vulnerability of NREs to external shocks and finds that, in some circumstances, managing such shocks with multiple instruments can both lessen the policy response required from any one policy tool to financial and external shocks and increase the effectiveness of policies in stabilizing macrofinancial conditions. Effectiveness, however, does not always imply appropriateness, which rests on an evaluation of potential trade-offs and unintended consequences.

From Lost Turnover To Nonperforming Loans: The Impact Of The Covid-19 Pandemic On The Economy And On The Financial System, Antonio Sánchez Serrano

Journal of Financial Crises

The COVID-19 pandemic created an unprecedented economic shock across the world. As a result of the coronavirus outbreak and the related health measures, nonfinancial corporations providing nonessential goods or services that cannot be consumed remotely have experienced a large decrease in their turnover. Using balance sheets and flows statements, we are able to quantify the impact of the pandemic on nonfinancial corporations and households, according to several scenarios for the pandemic over 2021. The impact is largely heterogeneous across sectors and amounts to up to 20% of the turnover for euro area nonfinancial corporations. Stress in these corporations and households …

Financial Crises And Legislation, Peter Conti-Brown, Michael Ohlrogge

Journal of Financial Crises

Scholars frequently assert that financial legislation in the United States is primarily crisis driven. This “crisis-legislation hypothesis” is often cited as an explanation for various supposed shortcomings of US financial legislation, including that it is poorly conceived and inadequate to the problems it aims to address. Other scholars embrace the hypothesis, but from the perspective that crises are the needed impetus to prompt constructive reforms. Despite the prevalence of this hypothesis, however, its threshold assumption—that Congress passes major financial legislation only when financial crises arise—has never been analyzed empirically. This article provides that analysis. We first devise a new system …

Dynamic Return Relationships In The Market For Cryptocurrency: A Var Approach, Julian Gouffray

James Madison Undergraduate Research Journal (JMURJ)

This paper examines how the Bitcoin-altcoin return relationship has evolved in periods between 2015 and 2020. To understand this relation, we observe data on the cryptocurrency Bitcoin and prominent altcoins Ethereum, Litecoin, Ripple, Stellar, and Monero, which collectively represent over 90% of the market throughout the observed period. We employ a vector autoregressive model (VAR) to produce forecast error variance decompositions, orthogonal impulse response functions, and Granger-causality tests. We find evidence that Bitcoin return variation has increasingly explained altcoin returns and that market inefficiency increased between 2017 and 2020, as shown by increased Granger causality between Bitcoin and altcoins. These …

Consumers’ Subjective Well-Being In Brazil: Suggested Extensions For Researching A Market With Continental Dimensions, Igor De Jesus Lobato Pompeu Gammarano

Markets, Globalization & Development Review

This commentary starts by recognizing, in the lead article of this issue, the importance of studying empirically the relationships between marketplace activities and consumers' perceived subjective well-being in Brazil. The commentary then presents a number of ways in which future research studies of this type can be strengthened, in terms of geographical coverage, methods employed and analytical-interpretive tools used. The commentary also offers literature links to a variety of consumption modes, from minimalist to hedonic; pointing out that subjective well-being is influenced by these styles/modes of consumption.

Subjective Well-Being, Happiness, And Fairness Of Marketing Systems In Brazil: Some Further Thoughts, Stefânia Ordovás De Almeida, Ely José De Mattos

Markets, Globalization & Development Review

Subjective well-being is often popularly referred to as happiness. In this dialogue commentary, we point to these additional aspects of subjective well-being or happiness: (1) Some findings from another study of this type, in another region of Brazil; (2) Several macro-level observations, drawn from Brazil as well as globally, on the complex relationships between marketing practices, public policies, consumption styles and subjective well-being.

Consumers' Perceptions Of The Role Of The Marketing System In Subjective Well-Being, Valcir Farias, Ramon Silva Leite

Markets, Globalization & Development Review

The term happiness is used colloquially to refer to subjective well-being. In the years when the performance of marketing systems in Brazil was reduced, there was a fall in happiness index, which demonstrates the importance of marketing systems in the subjective well-being of individuals and society. Most studies on the role played by the marketing system in subjective well-being are based on mature markets. Little has been studied on the subject in Latin American markets. This article describes the role of marketing systems in the subjective well-being of Brazilian consumers. In qualitative research through interviews with consumers from cities of …

The Conundrums Of Happiness And Subjective Well-Being: Views From Brazil, Nikhilesh Dholakia, Deniz Atik

Markets, Globalization & Development Review

No abstract provided.

A New Method For Cluster Life Cycle Stage Identification: Mapping The Evolution Of The Biomedical Competitiveness Cluster Of Wallonia., Conor Michael Harte

Theses

National governments and policy makers alike need data and expertise as they seek to develop accurate and relevant cluster policies and initiatives. It is argued that clusters also have life cycles similar to the way industries, products, and technologies have a life cycle, including a variety of stages (Ingstrup and Damgaard, 2013; Jia et al., 2015; Fornahl and Hassink, 2017; Ferrari et al., 2020). This research addresses three objectives: 1. Analyse the longitudinal development of a cluster to record, measure and analyse its evolution over a three-year period; 2. Create a new methodology to support cluster life cycle stage identification; …

Economic Prospects Of Gilgit Baltistan - Part I, Ishrat Husain Dr.

Faculty Research - Newspaper and Magazine Articles

This article is part of a series to raise general awareness about the economic conditions and potential of the provinces and territories which do not have the same advantages as the other advanced parts of the country. The first article on Balochistan’s development was published a few months ago. This one is focused on Gilgit Baltistan (GB) .

Exploring Unobserved Heterogeneity Of Stated Preferences Through Latent Class Modeling: Application In Health And Insurance Demand, Suzana Karim

USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Unobserved heterogeneity is one of the main concerns for applied economists, particularly when modeling preference estimates for health and healthcare in the stated choice experiments. This thesis illustrates the current state-of-the-art in analyzing preference heterogeneity in health-related stated choice experiment studies and four empirical studies on modeling unobserved preference heterogeneity using some recent advancements in latent class models for controlling scale variation. This dissertation contributes to the field of health economics and econometrics. In chapter1, I have described the motivation, thesis objectives, conceptual framework, and contribution of my research to the existing literature.

Chapter 2 is focused on an in-depth …

Nebraska Monthly Economic Indicators: September 21, 2022, Eric Thompson

Leading Economic Indicator Reports

The LEI-N changed little in August 2022, falling by just 0.01%. The leading indicator is designed to predict economic growth six months in the future. As a result, the flat value for the indicator in August signals that economic growth in Nebraska will be slow at the beginning of 2023. Several components of the leading indicator worsened during August. First, there was a decrease in building permits for single-family homes, likely in response to rising interest rates. Second, initial claims for unemployment insurance rose during August, suggesting some softening of the state’s strong labor market. By contrast, positive business expectations …

Corporate Social Responsibility And Operating Performance In Life And Health Insurance Market : Evidence From China, Ji Zhang

Lingnan Theses (MPhil & PhD)

Extant literature is equivocal on whether and how corporate social responsivity (CSR) activities affect corporates’ performance. To the best of our knowledge, a very limited number of research investigates CSR-performance relationship in insurance and even no research examines this relationship in China’s life and health (LH) insurance market. China LH insurance market has been the world’s second biggest LH insurance market albeit receiving limited attention in academia. We innovatively use two measurements of philanthropic activities as proxy for positive CSR performance. Alternatively, we use administrative penalties received from the provincial regulators as a proxy for the negative shock on the …

Evaluating Utah's Rural Online Initiative: Empowering Organizational Leaders Through Remote Work, Paul A. Hill, Amanda D. Ali, Lendel K. Narine, Andrea T. Schmutz, Tyson M. Riskas, Debra M. Spielmaker

Journal of Extension

Compared to urban counties, Utah's rural counties experienced high levels of unemployment. Informed by a statewide needs assessment, Utah State University Extension developed a remote work leadership course to equip business leaders with knowledge and skills to create remote jobs as a solution to rural unemployment. This descriptive evaluation study collected data from course participants (N = 62). Findings showed short-term outcomes were achieved; participants experienced increases in knowledge and skills and had more positive intentions toward creating remote jobs and hiring employees from rural counties. Extension professionals can design and evaluate their programs using the framework in this study.

College Academic Coaching Can Increase College Success And Later Earnings, Pierre Mouganie, Serena Canaan, Stefanie Fischer, Geoffrey C. Schnorr

Upjohn Institute Policy and Research Briefs

No abstract provided.

Scalability And Robustness Of Feed Yard Mortality Prediction Modeling To Improve Profitability, Ryan Feuz, Kyle Feuz, Jeffrey Gradner, Miles Theurer, Myriah Johnson

Applied Economics Faculty Publications

Cattle feed yards routinely track and collect data for individual calves throughout the feeding period. Using such operational data from nine U.S. feed yards for the years 2016-2019, we evaluated the scalability and economic viability of using machine learning classifier predicted mortality as a culling decision aid. The expected change in net return per head when using the classifier predictions as a culling aid as compared to the status quo culling protocol for calves having been pulled at least once for bovine respiratory disease was simulated. This simulated change in net return ranged from - $1.61 to $19.46/head. Average change …

Inequality As A Barrier To Economic Integration? An Experiment, Gabriele Camera, Lukas Hohl, Rolf Weder

ESI Working Papers

International economic theory suggests that people should embrace economic integration because it promises large gains. But policy reversals such as Brexit indicate a desire for economic disintegration. Here we report results of an experiment of how size and cross-country distribution of gains from integration influence individuals’ inclination to cooperate to reap its intended benefits and to embrace or reject integration. The design considers an indefinitely repeated helping game with multiple equilibria and strategic uncertainty. The data reveal that inequality of potential gains neither affected behavior nor reduced support for economic integration. However, integration may lead to disappointing, unequally distributed welfare …

The Case For Dynamic Cities, Brian J. Asquith, Margaret C. Bock

Upjohn Institute Working Papers

Cities today are confronting never-before-seen challenges to their top spot in the economic hierarchy. In this chapter, we lay out four challenges, past and future, that cities face today and identify policies that can help address the problems we identify. We call attention to the need for many U.S. cities to redevelop the large amount of aging postwar single-family housing, while reforming past exclusionary zoning and infrastructure decisions that exacerbated inequality. Cities will have to fix these past mistakes against the backdrop of an aging population and the rise of remote working, both of which undercut cities’ traditional source of …

Research Of S&T And Financing Integration Development From Innovation Chain Perspective, Yingming Li, Qian Li, Ying Wang

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

S&T and financing integration contributes to improve innovation efficiency and expand profit margin of financial capital. With the shortening transformation period from basic research into practical productive force, this integration extends to the front of the innovation chain. Dominant position in foundation innovation is becoming the focus of major country competition. From the perspective of innovation chain, this study puts forwards a logical framework of S&T and financing integration. For different innovation stages, the study analyzes the technology innovation goals, industrial development characteristics, and the rules of capital operation. Based on the co-evolution processes of S&T and financing, suggestions of …

Deepen Combination Of Science, Technology And Finance To Empower Enterprises To Carry Out High-Quality Innovation, Wei Xue, Beibei Hu, Shijie Wei

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

China has been promoting the combination of science, technology and finance for more than 40 years. A sci-tech finance system covering different links of enterprise technological innovations has been built. However, considering the new situation in the new era of highquality development in China, sci-tech finance is facing major challenges and growing problems, and urgently needs to be further upgraded and developed. This study puts forward four suggestions. First, it suggests improving the financial system based on the law of innovation, so as to build a sci-tech finance system with differentiated positioning and integrated links. Second, it recommends innovating the …

Intellectual Property Strategies In Promoting Integration Of Sci-Tech And Financing, Haibo Liu, Pengfei Wang, Yafeng Zhang

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

Intellectual property (IP) is a key in strengthening the integration of sci-tech and financing for the aim of innovation-driven development. Sci-tech activities are a type of investment in nature. Innovative entities can attract investment with high-quality IP, and investors can profit from innovation by investing in IP. This study analyzes the investment nature of sci-tech activities from two periods of research & development and transformation of sci-tech achievements, and analyzes the role of IP in the two periods. Based on practical foundations, the main considerations are put forward from the aspects of national needs, industry characteristics, endowment difference, and target …

The Growth Of Firms, Markets And Rents: Evidence From China, Daniel Berkowitz, Shuichiro Nishioka

Economics Faculty Working Papers Series

Using recent methods for estimating firm-level markups and profit shares, we document that Chinese manufacturing firms collected more rents following China's accession to the World Trade Organization (WTO). This is because the net entry of firms lagged the massive growth in the domestic market. These effects were particularly strong in domestic markets where state ownership was pervasive. While selection on large productive firms drove the rise in the aggregate markups in the United State (De Loecker et al, 2020), these competitive forces played a secondary role in Chinese manufacturing.

The Great Resignation Among Restaurant Workers: A Content Analysis Of News Sources’ Portrayals Of The Covid-19 Labor Shortage, Mackenzie M. Williams

The Cardinal Edge

When workers left the labor market in large numbers during the COVID-19 pandemic, proclamations of a labor shortage emerged extensively throughout the news. In this study, I analyze the coverage of the worker shortage among three news sources with different political orientations. Several themes emerged from analyzing a total of 75 articles. The findings showed that the perspective shown in the article, the cause of the labor shortage, restaurant worker portrayal, support of solutions, and opinion of the labor shortage all differed based on the political identity of the news source. This research supports previous findings that show there is …

The Economic Behavior Of Restaurant Tipping: The Effect Of Tipping On Profit, Golnoush Esmaeily

The Cardinal Edge

This paper explores the potential motivations behind restaurant tipping and its effect on profit. The analysis discovers several reasons that motivate people to tip in a restaurant, including exemplary service quality, future service, and social norms. Initially, tipping was used to encourage service quality, but it shifted to become the desire to conform to the social norm. Customers aim to prevent embarrassment and unfairness that may result from not tipping or lacking empathy for the worker. A survey was conducted with 40 Louisville customers and 16 Louisville servers soliciting their opinion about their tipping behavior. The quantitative study results show …

Effect Of Socio-Economic Factors On Loan Repayment Performance Of Youth Revolving Fund In Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia, Abebe Negesse Bantu, N.S. Malik

Arab Economic and Business Journal

Youth Revolving Fund (YRF) loan was established to help unemployed youths alleviate their economic and social difficulties. However, its loan repayment performance is not as expected. Thus, the objective of this study was to examine effect of socio-economic factors on loan repayment performance of YRF in Oromia Regional State. 328 data collected from 328 respondents and the result showed peer pressure, loan diversion, time of maturity of investment and predominant economic shocks were affected loan repayment at 5% level of significance. Finally, government is recommended to create awareness about YRF loan, reconsider training and guidance, and alternative fund utilization strategy.

Odu Economist Outlines Costs Resulting From Unchecked Sea Level Rise, Brendan O'Hallarn

News Items

No abstract provided.