Digital Commons Network^™

Unfinished Business, David Mcclough

The Journal of Economics and Politics

No abstract provided.

Journal Of Economics And Politics: Examining The Transition To An Online Publication, David Mcclough

The Journal of Economics and Politics

No abstract provided.

The Methodology Of Multiple Regressions For Gdp Per Capita For Nations In The World Between 0 Ce And 1940, Robert Rogers

The Journal of Economics and Politics

A reduced-form model of GDP per capita is estimated using the classical econometric method and two Bayesian techniques, Extreme Bounds Analysis (EBA) and Bayesian Analysis of Classical Estimation (BACE) for the two millenniums. For several variables, such as the impact of colonialism, the Goldstone hypothesis of efflorescence increasing economic growth, and the impact of technology, this paper lends support, especially when the Bayesian methods are applied. Other results are mixed. Generally, the results support use of Bayesian methods by eliminating hypotheses that are not consistently supported over all models.

The Value Of Everything: Making And Taking In The Global Economy, David Mcclough

The Journal of Economics and Politics

No abstract provided.

Information Cascades In The Classroom: The Relationship Between In-Class Feedback And Course Performance, Amanda C. Cook, James Bland, Andrew Meisner

The Journal of Economics and Politics

Technology is used in undergraduate courses to engage students and provide feedback about understanding. TopHat is an application which displays multiple choice questions mid-class. In this field experiment, we determine if displaying or hiding the distribution of peer responses has an impact on exam scores. When students see peer responses, we observe information cascades on both correct and incorrect answers. Getting an individual TopHat question correct predicts a 1.3 percentage point increase on final exam scores, however we find no difference in predictive power between treatments. Participating in one negative cascade predicts that a student will score approximately five percentage …

Re-Evaluating Subsidies For Services That Carry No Positive Externalities: A Benefit-Cost Analysis Of Convenience Loop Busing Versus Walking, Anthony N. Russo, Kevin J. Egan

The Journal of Economics and Politics

This paper seeks to provide a benefit-cost analysis of continuous loop busing service offered by The University of Toledo in Toledo, Ohio. The on-campus busing service is completely subsidized by the university through student fees and provided as a free service to students with less than one-quarter of students currently using the service. Using a contingent valuation survey, we estimate a lower bound mean willingness to pay (WTP) of about $6 per student user per semester. Multiplying by the student body population leads to a total WTP estimate of approximately $37,000 per semester. When compared solely to labor and fuel …

Firm Behavior In The Mid-Twentieth Century American Steel Industry, Robert Rogers

The Journal of Economics and Politics

In the period from 1920 to 1972, the American steel industry consisted of eight large companies and a fringe composed of small domestic producers and foreign firms exporting to the United States. The market structure made it unlikely that the industry behaved in a perfectly competitive fashion. Thus, oligopoly hypotheses on firm behavior such as Nash-Bertrand and Stackelberg leadership seem plausible. This paper estimates a BLP demand model for the industry, and it, then, uses the demand parameters to estimate price equations under the different behavioral assumptions. From the information in this model, tests are made to see which hypothesis …

Is Capital Expenditure Contagious? An Analysis Of Ucc Data From Ohio And Its Neighbors, Peter Vanderhart, Zheng Zeng

The Journal of Economics and Politics

Economic conditions are often observed to be correlated across space and time. One interpretation of this phenomenon is that economic activity is “contagious.” That is, good or bad conditions in one economic area may later cause similar conditions to occur in nearby areas. The prevalence and extent of these relationships is important to understand for those seeking to foster regional economic development.

We focus on capital equipment spending at the state level at a monthly frequency. This is possible given our access to a unique data set, the Randall-Reilley Capital Investment Index (RRCII). This index measures capital expenditure using Uniform …

To Pay Or Not To Pay: An Empirical Examination Of The Effect Of Injunctive Norms On Charitable Donations, David Mcclough, Randall Ewing, Susan Schertzer

The Journal of Economics and Politics

Charitable endeavors often face resource constraints and rely on altruism for monetary donations necessary to pursue mission-driven operations. Implementation of an honor-based payment system to attract donations attempts to eliminate some portion of the costs associated with fundraising activity. However, honor-based systems are not monitored and, therefore, susceptible to underpayment and theft. This study examines how posting a message communicating a negative injunctive norm affects charitable donations resulting from provision of a snack box using an honor-based payment system. The study finds that presentation of an injunctive norm dissuades contributions from donors inclined toward slight underpayment but does not deter …

Does Public Transit Affect Crime? The Addition Of A Bus Line In Cleveland, Morgan Neiss

The Journal of Economics and Politics

Public transportation affects crime rates in neighborhoods surrounding its implementation. It can give criminals easier access to potential targets and decrease the probability of getting caught, or it can give lower-income individuals better access to reliable transportation, which decreases the probability of those individuals getting involved in criminal activity. This paper analyzes available criminal data, property data, and public assistance data for the City of Cleveland to study the effects on property crime rate after the 2008 implementation of a public bus line. The paper's hypothesis is that there is a difference in the mean crime rate before and after …

Baseball’S Anti-Trust Exemption And Major League Baseball Labor Relations In The 20th Century, Shawn M. Smith

Bound Away: The Liberty Journal of History

Baseball, being America's pastime and the most popular sport in the professional ranks from the 1870s onward for at least another century beyond that, gives us a lens wherethrough we may see so much about American culture, economics and society during this time period. This work looks at baseball’s unique economic position throughout the 20th century and how it changed over the course of time. Baseball had an exclusive arrangement unavailable to other industries in that it had an anti-trust exemption, which was based on the 1922 Supreme Court decision in  Federal Baseball Club of Baltimore v. National League. …

All That Glitters Is Not Gold: Consuelo Vanderbilt And Transatlantic Marriages In The Gilded Age, Katie M. Cassady

Bound Away: The Liberty Journal of History

Between 1865 and the onset of World War I, wealthy American women increasingly married titled European men. These marriages played a critical role for both parties: the newly moneyed elite asserted its claim to social status, and depleted European nobility regained the funds so essential to their longevity. By 1915, 454 American heiresses had married into the European aristocracy. In one famous example, Consuelo Vanderbilt was forcibly wed to the ninth Duke of Marlborough. As the Vanderbilt family labored to assimilate themselves into old-money New York society, the opportunity to tie their family name to English nobility could catapult the …

The Non-Biblical Source Of Medieval Usury Prohibitions, Phil Gramm, Patrick Gray, Robert B. Ekelund

Journal of New Finance

Ecclesiastical and secular prohibitions of usury—often equated with any charging of interest on a loan—and their impact on commerce and economic progress in medieval Europe have long been recognized. In this paper we revisit one aspect of the debate, namely, the use of the ancient philosophical sources and the biblical texts by ancient and medieval writers. On the basis of a close reading of the Parable of the Talents (Matthew 25:14-30) and a review of the secondary literature devoted to it, we argue that in the New Testament Jesus attaches no moral stigma to moneylending. It is therefore surprising that …

Why Nevada Leaves So Much Federal Money Behind, The Lincy Institute

Lincy Institute Events

The Lincy Institute presents new research examining the history, politics, and policies that have caused Nevada to fare so poorly in accessing federal resources for decades and offer recommendations for how Nevada can more effectively interface with federal agencies to reverse this history. The event also features a panel discussion with nonprofit and former state and local government leaders.

Panel

Moderator — David Damore, Executive Director, The Lincy Institute

Panelists — Michael Brown, Fellow, The Lincy Institute — Lisa Corrado, Executive Director, Nevada Nonprofits — Miles Dickson, Chief Executive Officer, Nevada GrantLab — Yvanna Cancela, Chief of Staff, U.S. Representative …

Building A Defense Economy: World War Ii, Federal Investment, And Georgia’S Economic Transformation, 1940-1965, William Heath Taylor

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

This dissertation examines how World War II transformed Georgia’s economy from a predominately rural, agricultural economy into a more diversified economy increasingly tied to federal investment, military activity, industrial production, transportation, and commerce. It argues that wartime mobilization accelerated this transformation by directing federal funds into military installations, defense industries, infrastructure, and public services while drawing workers into expanding centers of employment. Using federal records, census data, military publications, corporate reports, newspapers, and oral histories, the study examines Fort Benning, Robins Field, Camp Toccoa, Bell Aircraft, the Brunswick Shipyards, Delta Air Lines, and The Coca-Cola Company. These cases show how …

Upjohn Regional Economic Outlook, Vol. 1, No. 2, July 2026, Iryna V. Lendel, Chloe Wieber, Sevrin Williams, Gerrit Anderson, Lee Adams, Emily Petz

Reports

No abstract provided.

How States Can Design Better Economic Development Incentives, Timothy J. Bartik

Reports

No abstract provided.

How The Economic And Fiscal Benefits Of Economic Development Incentives Are Affected By Targeting, Housing Policy, And Incentive Design, Timothy J. Bartik

Upjohn Institute Technical Reports

This report finds that reformed state economic development policies can raise residents' per capita incomes by over 5 percent while generating a fiscal surplus exceeding 4 percent of state and local tax revenue. In other words, they can pay for themselves. Traditional policies, by contrast, boost incomes by less than half a percent and carry a net fiscal cost of more than 3 percent of tax revenue. Traditional policies rely on untargeted cash incentives such as tax abatements, credits, and grants, and leave zoning unchanged. Reformed policies instead provide customized business services (site-specific infrastructure, job training, business advice, incubators), target …

Blue Economy, Climate Risk, And Fisherfolks: An Inquiry Into The State Narrative Of Blue Economy And Right Of Fisherfolks, S.Mohammed Irshad Smi

Journal of Ocean and Coastal Economics

The blue economy is an extension of finance capital into the coast and is a larger frontier expansion project. This capital is confronted with climate risks as well. The blue economy creates new economic zones, which fall into a risk zone in which output and productivity deplete over time. The blue economy projects conflict with the declining fisheries resources, which puts the fishing community's life at risk. The policies that promote the blue economy often neglect the resource-dependent communities across the coastal areas.

Valuation Methods And Their Relevance In Achieving Marine Protected Areas Targets: A Systematic Review, Jacob Ankamah, Stephen Hynes, Daragh O'Leary

Journal of Ocean and Coastal Economics

The prolific human-induced pressures on marine ecosystems leading to negative externalities such as beach erosion, biodiversity loss, and climate change are matters of global concern. Marine protected areas (MPAs) have emerged as a tool to conserve marine biodiversity and support human livelihoods. This paper reviews the global research landscape, the evolution of concepts and the relevance of valuation techniques related to the assessment of the contribution of MPAs to societal welfare. The review indicates that less than 3% of the wider MPA literature explores the economic valuation of MPA designation. Of those, there is an obvious preference for non-market-based methods …

Comstock Township Housing Plan, Emily Petz, Val Klomparens, Gerrit Anderson, Lee Adams

Reports

No abstract provided.

Background Risk And Optimal Liability Rules, Tim Friehe, Joshua C. Teitelbaum

Georgetown Law Faculty Publications and Other Works

We study how background risk affects optimal liability rules in a unilateral accident model with risk-averse parties. Under negligence, background risk borne by a prudent victim raises the optimal due-care standard relative to the benchmark case without background risk. Under strict liability, the optimal level of damages is higher when the prudent victim faces background risk but the injurer does not. When a prudent injurer faces background risk (with or without victim background risk), the optimal level of damages can be higher or lower than in the benchmark case. Our results are robust to the availability of actuarially fair insurance.

Wage Inequalities In Informal Work: Race, Sex, And Citizenship Among Latino Workers In New York State, Amalia Torrecillas Fernandez

Center for Latin American, Caribbean, and Latino Studies

This report examines wage variation within informal work in New York State from 2016 to 2022, with particular attention to Latino workers. Using American Community Survey data from three five-year periods (2016, 2019, and 2022). The analysis explores how median hourly wages differ by ethnicity, sex, citizenship status, race, age, and nativity.

Informal workers represented 4.6%-4.7% of New York's workforce, approximately 569,000 to 589,000 workers between the years of study. A substantial wage gap persisted throughout the study period. Formal workers earned $18/hour in 2016 versus $12 for informal workers; by 2022, this widened to $24 versus $14, underscoring the …

Using Scenario-Based Generative Ai In A Social Studies Methods Course, Timothy Lintner, Ellis Reeves

The Councilor: A National Journal of the Social Studies

Artificial intelligence (AI) is quickly transforming the landscape of educator preparation. This shift is especially evident in social studies. As emerging technologies like AI reshape how social studies is taught and learned, it is essential to incorporate them into course design and student outcomes. Simply put, we must ensure that the next generation of social studies educators can effectively use AI to create real-world, scenario-based learning experiences that foster inquiry and encourage student action-taking. This article examines how AI-supported, scenario-based learning was strategically integrated into a secondary social studies methods course at the University of South Carolina Aiken. From concept …

‘There Is No Continuity’: Assessment Of Pre-Service Teachers' Ability To Analyse Historical Sources In Two Ghanaian Public Universities, Anitha Oforiwah Adu-Boahen

The Councilor: A National Journal of the Social Studies

The paper examined student-teachers’ understanding of change and continuity in History. Using a convergent parallel mixed method approach, one hundred and thirty-five (135) student-teachers from two public universities examined images depicting classroom settings in Ghana’s educational system from different periods. Respondents were expected to show and explain the continuities and changes in the different periods in Ghanaian history. They were to focus on the disparities in ‘change’ and ‘continuities’ in classroom settings in the Ghanaian educational system over time. Again, student-teachers were expected to transform their knowledge of these changes into historical understanding by writing an interpretation from the sources. …

Using The Past To Better Understand The Present: Contextualizing Today’S History Wars, For Ourselves And For Our Students, Bonnie Laughlin-Schultz

The Councilor: A National Journal of the Social Studies

This essay considers our contemporary moment in the context of the long history of the so-called "history wars" in the United States. It identifies four historical moments with ties to the present, and makes use of primary documents to discuss each time period. It also considers the ways in which historical activists such as Frederick Douglass and W. E. B. Du Bois advocated for honest history in the past, and the ways in which we might argue for nuanced historical thinking in the present. Teachers may find the documents of use for their own classrooms, and a brief appendix at …

The End Of Unmeasured Exploitation: How A.S.M., C.A.S., And S.I.A. Challenge Digital Attention Capitalism, Delante Clark

Graduate Scholarship and Creative Works

Digital attention capitalism generates value through the capture and monetization of human attention, yet it has historically lacked standardized mechanisms for measuring attention-related harm. This paper argues that the Attention Safeguard Models (A.S.M.), Cognitive Attentional Standards (C.A.S.), and Sociological Impact Assessment (S.I.A.) collectively challenge this system by introducing an integrated framework for classifying, measuring, and evaluating digital attention harm and its societal consequences. C.A.S. provides standardized measurement of digital attention harm, A.S.M. identifies and classifies patterns of attentional disruption and manipulation, and S.I.A. evaluates broader impacts on institutions, communities, civic engagement, education, social cohesion, and inequality. Together, these systems transform …

The Role Of Risk-Based Audit Quality In Enhancing Financial Control Efficiency And Mitigating Financial Corruption In Iraqi Banks In Light Of The Ippf 2024 Framework, Nadia Talib Salman

Muthanna Journal of Administrative and Economics Sciences

The study investigates the relationship between risk-based audit quality, financial oversight efficiency and financial corruption reduction in banks listed on the Iraq Stock Exchange in the years 2008–2025 by applying International Professional Practices Framework (IPPF) 2024. A composite risk-based audit quality index was created which included auditor independence, auditor professional qualification, frequency of audit committee meetings, and auditor presence of a formal risk committee. Thirty three hundred annual reports were processed using AI-supported structured extraction with the Gemini API, resulting in an unbalanced final panel of 303 bank-year observations from 20 banks. Random Effects and some robustness and diagnostic tests …

The Role Of Organizational Passion In Reducing Counterproductive Work Behavior: A Field Study At The College Of Administration And Economics, University Of Fallujah, Mustafa Amjed Ibrahim, Zaid Khawam Mahmood, Wael Ismail Khalaf

Muthanna Journal of Administrative and Economics Sciences

This research aims to analyze the role of organizational passion in reducing negative work behavior among employees at the College of Administration and Economics, University of Fallujah. The research employed a descriptive-analytical approach, utilizing a questionnaire as the primary data collection tool. For data analysis, the researchers used (Smart PLS v.4) and (SPSS 28 The research community included 127 individuals, but the research sample was made up of 104 college members, and when the questionnaire was distributed the exact number retrieved was 97. The research concluded that there is a strong and statistically significant relationship between organizational passion and negative …

The Impact Of Inclusive Leadership On The Quality Of Banking Services An Analytical Study Of A Sample Of Private Bank Employees In Iraq, Kamal Kadhim Al-Hassani, Iltifat Abdullah Touma

Muthanna Journal of Administrative and Economics Sciences

This study aims to explore the relationship between inclusive leadership and banking service quality in the Iraqi private banking sector. The study adopted a descriptive–analytical approach, and data were collected through questionnaires distributed to (280) employees working in private banks in Iraq. The questionnaire was used as the main data collection instrument, and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) was employed using the AMOS program to analyze the data and test the hypothesized relationships among the study variables. The results showed a positive and statistically significant relationship between inclusive leadership and banking service quality, reflecting the vital role of comprehensive and supportive …